The pretension on WBAN and its materials.

1. Presented By :
Sheik MD. Arifunnabi-13108110
Md. Abdulla Almamun-13108119
Saddam Aossen-13108122
University of Asia Pacific
(UAP), Bangladesh.

2. Presentation Overview
 Introduction
 What WBANs are
 Motivation
 History and Development
 BAN Structure
 Sensor Device
 Communication Technology
 Extra-BAN Communication
 WBAN Traffic Classification
 WBAN Architecture
 Major Sources of Energy
Waste in Sensor Network
 Energy in WBAN
 WBAN Applications
 MobiHealth
 Challenges
 Security Requirements
 Further Study
 Reference
 Question????????2

3. Introduction
 WBAN is RF based wireless networking technology that interconnects
tiny nodes with sensors in, on, or around a human body.
 A typical WBAN consists of a number of inexpensive, lightweight,
miniature sensor platforms, each featuring one or more physiological
sensors like:
 Motion Sensors
 ECG (Electrocardiograms)
 Sp02
 Breathing Sensors
 Blood pressure
 EMG (Electromyograms)
 EEG(Electro-encephalograms)
 Blood Glucose Sensors
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4. What WBANs are
Subgroup of WPANs
Domain: HealthCare
Compact & Mobile
Enable transfer of vital parameters
Medical Communication
Small intelligent devices
Attached or implanted in the body
Capable of wireless communication
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5. Motivation
NASA/Military (Government)
Health monitoring and prevention (Industry)
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6. History and Development of
BODY AREA NETWORK
 Professor Guang Zhong Yang was the first
person to formally define the phrase "Body
Sensor Network" (BSN) with publication of
his book Body Sensor Networks in 2006.
 Some of the common use cases for BAN
technology are:
 Body Sensor Networks (BSN)
 Sports and Fitness Monitoring
 Wireless Audio
 Mobile Device Integration
 Personal Video Devices Prof Guang Zhong Yang,
Director, The Hamlyn Centre
Imperial College London.UK.
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7. BAN Structure
 Sensor measuring
Temperature, Heartbeat, ECG etc.
 Actuator delivering
Medication, Electric signals etc.
 PDA processing and transmitting data.
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8. Sensor Device
 Inertial motion Unit
(Accelerometer and Gyroscope)
 Blood glucose
 Blood Pressure
 CO2 Gas Sensor
 Electrocardiogram (ECG)
 Electroencephalogram (EEG)
 Blood Oxygen
 Electromyography (EMG)
 Humidity and Temperature
Sensors
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9. Communication Technology
 Intra-body
1-2 m, less researched
WPAN: Bluetooth or IEEE 802.15.4 (ZigBee)
WLAN: IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi)
WMAN: IEEE 802.16 (WiMax)
 Extra-body
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10. Intra-Body Communication
Technology
 ZigBee
It is a high level specification used to create personal area
networks.
An application framework to develop the complete wireless sensor
network.
It is used in applications that require only a low data rate, long
battery life, and secure networking.
 Wi-Fi
Short for wireless fidelity.
It is a wireless technology that uses radio frequency to transmit data
through the air.
Wi-Fi is based on the 802.11 standard: 802.11a , 802.11b, 802.11g
 Wimax
Wireless communication standards based on the IEEE 802.16 set of
standards
Provide multiple physical layer (PHY) and Media Access Control
(MAC) options.10

11. Extra-BAN/Body Communication
Technology
Based on GPRS and UMTS technologies
for wireless broadband data transfer
GPRS (2.5G)
UMTS (3G)
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12. GPRS & UMTS
 General Packet Radio Services
 Standard for wireless communications
 Packet-based
 Runs at speeds up to 115 kb/s where current
GSM 9.6 kb/s
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 Universal Mobile Telecommunications System
 Deliver information at speeds up to 2Mbits/sec.
 3G upgraded to 4G

13. WBAN Traffic Classification
 Normal traffic: Based on normal operation between
device and coordinator.
 On-demand traffic: Initiated by Coordinator to know
certain information.
 Emergency traffic: In case of critical condition.
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14. WBAN Architecture
Level 1: Contains in-body and on-body BAN Nodes (BNs)
Level 2: Contains a BAN Network Coordinator (BNC) that
gathers patient’s vital information from the BNs and
communicates with the base-station.
Level 3: Contains a number of remote base-stations that keep
patient’s medical/non-medical records and provides
relevant (diagnostic) recommendations.
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15. Major Sources of Energy Waste
in Sensor Network
 Collision : Two nodes emit at the same time
 Idle Listening : Node listens to an idle
channel
 Overhearing: Node listens for a message sent
to another node
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16. Energy in WBAN
 Battery lifetime is very important
Required Lifetime
 Swallowable Camera Pills : 12 hours
 Cardiac Defibrillators and pacemakers : 5 years
 Reducing the waste of energy can maximize battery lifetime
 How to improve energy efficiency
 Routing
 Mobile Base Station
 Energy efficient MAC protocol
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17. WBAN Applications
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 Remote Health Monitoring
 MobiHealth, project at the Technical University Twente, The
Netherlands
Commissioned by the European Commission (2000)
 1st live demo of BAN at the Medica International and
Medical Conference and Exhibition (2002)

18. MobiHealth
Focus on scenarios such as:
 Trauma Care
 Continual health monitoring
Mobile service platform
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19. Challenges
1) Hardware-centric Challenges
 Interoperability
 System Devices
 System and Device-level Security
 Data Consistency
 Interference
2) Human-centric Challenges
 Cost
 Constant Monitoring
 Consistent Performance
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20. Security Requirements
Data confidentiality
 Data integrity
 Data Authentication
 Data freshness
 Secure localization
 Availability
 Secure management
• In WBAN, data confidentiality is
considered to be the most important
issues.
• Protect the data from disclosure.
• Should not leak patient’s vital
information to external or
neighboring networks.
• To solve this security risk public-
key cryptography is too costly.
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21. Further Study
Currently MobiHealth deployed
in 9 healthcare field trials in
four European countries
Can be implemented in android
platform
BANs & the development of in-
body communication systems
(Zarlink)
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22. Reference
[1] Bults, Richard, KatarzynaWac, Aart Van Halteren, DimitriKonstantas, Val Jones, and IngWidya. "Body area networks for ambulant
patient monitoring over next generation public wireless networks." In 3rd IST Mobile and Wireless Communications Summit, pp. 27-
30. 2004.
[2] Jurik, Andrew D., and Alfred C. Weaver. "Remote medical monitoring." Computer 41, no. 4 (2008): 96-99.
[3] Jones, Val, Aart van Halteren, Nikolai Dokovsky, George Koprinkov, Richard Bults, DimitriKonstantas, and Rainer Herzog.
Mobihealth: Mobile health services based on body area networks. Springer US, 2006.
[4] Brunelli, Davide, ElisabettaFarella, Laura Rocchi, Marco Dozza, Lorenzo Chiari, and Luca Benini. "Bio-feedback system for
rehabilitation based on a wireless body area network." In Pervasive Computing and Communications Workshops, 2006. PerCom
Workshops 2006. Fourth Annual IEEE International Conference on, pp. 5-pp. IEEE, 2006.
[5] Domenicali, Daniele, and M. Di Benedetto. "Performance Analysis for a Body Area Network composed of IEEE 802.15. 4a
devices." In Positioning, Navigation and Communication, 2007. WPNC'07. 4th Workshop on, pp. 273-276. IEEE, 2007.
[6] Poon, Carmen CY, Yuan-Ting Zhang, and Shu-Di Bao. "A novel biometrics method to secure wireless body area sensor networks
for telemedicine and m-health." Communications Magazine, IEEE 44, no. 4 (2006): 73-81.
[7] Waluyo, AgustinusBorgy, Isaac Pek, Xiang Chen, and Wee-Soon Yeoh. "Design and evaluation of lightweight middleware for
personal wireless body area network." Personal and Ubiquitous Computing 13, no. 7 (2009): 509-525.
[8] Yan, Le, Lin Zhong, and Niraj K. Jha. "Energy comparison and optimization of wireless body-area network technologies." In
Proceedings of the ICST 2nd international conference on Body area networks, p. 8. ICST (Institute for Computer Sciences, Social-
Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering), 2007.
[9] Ullah, Sana, and Kyung Sup Kwak. "An ultra low-power and traffic-adaptive medium access control protocol for wireless body
area network." Journal of medical systems 36, no. 3 (2012): 1021-1030.
[10] Warren, Steve, Jeffrey Lebak, Jianchu Yao, Jonathan Creekmore, AleksandarMilenkovic, and Emil Jovanov. "Interoperability and
security in wireless body area network infrastructures." In Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, 2005. IEEE-EMBS 2005.
27th Annual International Conference of the, pp. 3837-3840. IEEE, 2005.
[11] Jovanov, Emil, and AleksandarMilenkovic. "Body area networks for ubiquitous healthcare applications: opportunities and
challenges." Journal of medical systems 35, no. 5 (2011): 1245-1254.
[12] S. Arnon, D. Bhastekar, D. Kedar, and A. Tauber, A comparative study of wireless communication network configurations for
medical applications," IEEE [see also IEEE Personal Communications] Wireless Communications, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 56{61, Feb.
2003.
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