AUTOMATIC WIRELESS POWER GRID CONTROL

1. AMBEDKARNAGAR, U.P.
MAJOR PROJECT ON
AUTOMATIC WIRELESS POWER GRID CONTROL
(DISTRIBUTION UNIT)
GUIDED BY :
Mr. NITISH KUMAR YADAV
(ASST. PROFESSOR)
SUBMITTED BY :
- AJAY KUMAR (1573720902)
- BRIJESH KUMAR (1473720012)
- NAVNEET SINGH SAURABH
(1573720903)

2. CONTENTS
 Introduction
 Hardware components
 Power supply
 Diode bridge
 Microcontroller
 RF transmitter & receiver unit
 Relay Driver
 Encoder
 Decoder
 LCD Display
 Block diagrams
 Working
 Advantage
 Application
 References

3. INTRDUCTION
 Automation of systems has become the demand of the day.
 Newer technology has made everything automatic and self
repairable.
 In fact most of the developed systems are impossible to be
controlled by human beings.
 In this project we are controlling a power grid and
different units are controlled on the basis of time. The
control unit and the execution unit are wirelessly
connected over RF protocol.

4. HARDWARE COMPONENTS
 Power supply
 Diode bridge
 Capacitor
 AT89S8253 Microcontroller
 RF transmitter & receiver unit
 Relay Driver (ULN2803)
 Encoder
 Decoder
 LCD Display

5. POWER SUPPLY
 The power supply consists of a step down transformer
230/12V, which steps down the voltage to 12V AC.
 This is converted to DC using a Bridge rectifier.
 The ripples are removed using a capacitive filter and it is
then regulated to +5V using a voltage regulator 7805
which is required for the operation of the microcontroller
and other components.

6. DIODE BRIDGE
 A diode bridge is an arrangement of four (or
more) diodes in a bridge circuit configuration that
provides the same polarity of output for either polarity of
input.
 When used in its most common application, for
conversion of an alternating current (AC) input into
a direct current (DC) output, it is known as
a bridge rectifier.

7. CAPACITORS
 To store electricity, or electrical energy.
 Also functions as filter, passing AC, and blocking DC.
 Apply DC voltage- electric charge is stored on each
electrode.
 Three types of capacitor i.e. ceramic capacitor &
electrolytic capacitor and variable.
 Polarized capacitors – Electrolytic.
 Un-Polarized capacitors – ceramic.
 Variable capacitors.

8. MICROCONTROLLER
 This unit is the brain of the system. This is responsible for
the full control of the system.
 The microcontroller used here is a common 8 bit Atmel
microcontroller AT89s8253.
 It is a low-power, high-performance CMOS 8-bit
microcontroller with12K bytes of In-System
Programmable (ISP) Flash program memory and 2K bytes
of EEPROM data memory.
 It has 32 programmable input output lines.

9. RF transmitter & receiver unit
 This RF module comprises of an RF Transmitter and
an RF Receiver. The transmitter/receiver (Tx/Rx) pair
operates at a frequency of 434 MHz .
 An RF transmitter receives serial data and transmits it
wirelessly through RF through its antenna connected at
pin4.
 The transmission occurs at the rate of 1Kbps - 10Kbps.
 The transmitted data is received by an RF receiver
operating at the same frequency as that of the transmitter.

10. RELAY DRIVER
 ULN2803 is a current driver IC which drives the relay.
 The eight NPN Darlington connected transistors in this family
of arrays are ideally suited for interfacing between low logic
level digital circuitry (such as TTL, CMOS or PMOS/NMOS)
and the higher current/voltage requirements of lamps, relays,
printer hammers or other similar loads for a broad range of
computer, industrial, and consumer applications.
 All devices feature open–collector outputs and freewheeling
clamp diodes for transient Suppression.
 The ULN2803 is designed to be compatible with standard TTL
families while the ULN2804 is optimized for 6 to 15 volt high
level CMOS or PMOS.

11. ENCODER
 HT12E is an encoder integrated circuit of 212 series
of encoders.
 They are paired with 212 series of decoders for use in
remote control system applications.
 It is mainly used in interfacing RF and infrared
circuits.

12. DECODER
 HT12D is a decoder integrated circuit that belongs to
212 series of decoders.
 This series of decoders are mainly used for remote
control system applications, like burglar alarm, car
door controller, security system etc.
 It is mainly provided to interface RF and infrared
circuits.

13. LCD Display
 Is an electronic display module.
 16x2 LCD display is very basic module and is very commonly
used in various devices and circuits.
 16x2 LCD means it can display 16 characters per line and there
are 2 such lines.
 Has two registers namely, Command and Data.
 The command register stores the command instructions.
 The data register stores the data to be displayed on the LCD.
 The data is the ASCII value of the character to be displayed on
the LCD.

14. BLOCK DIAGRAMS

16. WORKING
 The input is 230V AC which is step down using the
transformer (12-0-12) .
 The 12V ac input is fed to the bridge diode to gives 12V
DC.
 This DC voltage is filtered through the capacitor to
remove the ripples.
 The filtered DC is fed to 7805 regulator to fetch +5v
regulated output.
 This regulated voltage is given to all the components to
function properly.

17.  In this project we have used a RTC IC PCF8583. This is a
real time clock IC.
 In this IC time goes on when power supply is given to this
IC. The output of the RTC goes to the micro controller.
 At the output, there is RF encoder and transmitter by which
the data is transmitted wirelessly in 4 bit mode.
 At the receiver end, this 4 bit data is decoded by receiver
and decoder.
 The decoder is interfaced with a relay driver by which relay
and hence the devices are controlled.

18. ADVANTAGES
 It is user-friendly.
 Safer to use.
 Reduces the time of switching due to automation.
 Requires least maintenance.

19. APPLICATIONS
 Hardware Automation.
 Control system design.
 Used at electricity distribution.
 Time based allocation for industrial machinery to work.

20. Reference
http://www.learningaboutelectronics.com
http://www.gadgetronicx.com
https://electrosome.com
http://www.gadgetronicx.com
www.electrical4u.com

21. THANK YOU