Inductive Essays

Inductive & Deductive Research
INDUCTIVE & DEDUCTIVE RESEARCH APPROACH
Meritorious Prof. Dr. S. M. Aqil Burney
Director UBIT Chairman
Department of Computer Science University of Karachi
burney@computer.org www.drburney.net
Designed and Assisted by
Hussain Saleem hussainsaleem@uok.edu.pk 06th March 2008
"Well begun is half done"
––Aristotle, quoting an old proverb
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Research Methods
In research, we often refer to the two broad methods of reasoning as the deductive and inductive
approaches.
Research Types
Deductive Approach
Inductive Approach
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Deductive Research Approach
THEORY
HYPOTHESIS
OBSERVATION
Deductive reasoning works from the more general to the more specific. Sometimes this is informally
called a "top–down"...show more content...
PP 61–75 61 CS/IT"
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Reasoning methods and Argumentation
The main division between forms of reasoning that is made in philosophy is between deductive
reasoning and inductive reasoning. Formal logic has been described as 'the science of deduction '.
The study of inductive reasoning is generally carried out within the field known as informal logic or
critical thinking.
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http://www.phac–aspc.gc.ca/publicat/cdic–mcc/18–3/d_e.html 11
Automated Reasoning
Logic lends itself to automation. A variety of problems can be attacked by representing the problem
description and relevant background information as logical axioms and treating problem instances as
theorems to be proved.
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72/98
Logic and Reasoning
Reasoning
Using given knowledge and truth value help us to solve, understand real life problems.
Logical Reasoning
Probabilistic Reasoning
Bayesian Networks
Subjective
Objective
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EXAMPLE
p: All mathematicians wear glasses q: Anyone who wears glasses is an algebraist r: All
mathematicians are algebraist
pв€§q в†’ r в‰
Ў ( в€
ј( pв€§q) в€Ё r)
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TRUTH TABLE
Truth Table for the formulae built with the Logical Operators

p T T T T F F F F
q T T F F T T F F
r T F T F T F T F
pО›q ~(pО›q) ~(pО›q)Vr О› О› О› T F T T F F F T T F T T F T T F T T F T T F T T
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If r is the conclusion, and we know that p and q are true simultaneously then r is valid statement. In
real life, the
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"My mind," he said, "rebels at stagnation. Give me problems, give me work, give me the most
abstruse cryptogram or the most intricate analysis, and I am in my own proper atmosphere. I can
dispense then with artificial stimulants. But I abhor the dull routine of existence. I crave for mental
exaltation" (Sign of Four 6). Sherlock Holmes can not only solve the mysteries that are presented to
him, but he can solve them with ease because of his reasoning skills. In particular, he mostly uses
abductive reasoning, but sometimes he uses deductive and inductive reasoning. This also overlaps
into mathematics, with proofs and inferences.
First, deductive reasoning is "a truth–guaranteeing type of reasoning, meaning that if the premises of
a deductive argument are correct, then the conclusion must inescapably...show more content...
Sherlock Holmes uses many of the rules of inferences to come up with his conclusion. For my
second example of abductive reasoning you could see it written out as; 1. Mr. Wilson wears an
arc–and–compass breastpin. 2. If Mr. Wilson is a Freemason, then he would wear an
arc–and–compass breastpin. 3. Therefore, Mr. Wilson is a Freemason. Simplified it would look
like; 1. P. 2. If Q then P. 3. Therefore Q. This is the definition of modus ponens inference in math
terms. Inferences can be turned into proofs by simply stating them in full sentences.
Not only does Sherlock use proofs, he uses indirect proofs. As Sherlock says, "It is an old maxim
of mine that when you have excluded the impossible, whatever remains, however improbable,
must be the truth" which we call an indirect proof (The Speckled Band 164). The Silver Blaze has
an excellent example, Sherlock deducts "that he must have gone to King's Pyland or to Mapleton.
He is not at King's Pyland, therefore he is at Mapleton" (Silver Blaze 291). In the long run, the
proofs and inferences just back up my conclusion that Sherlock's reasoning skills are

Inductive Approach In Grammar Teaching
Grammar teaching has been a hot issue when it comes to language learning and acquisition. As so
many issues arise, same goes to the research that has been conducted to calm down the tense. The
knowledge of Grammar is not only a necessity for the native speaker but to the second language
learner as well. Grammar knowledge is the core element of the production of speech that we use to
communicate. This interest has brought me to review the article by Zhou Ke, which concerns about
the inductive approach to English Grammar teaching. Inductive approach starts with exposing
students to examples of language use or even immersing them in the use of the target language items
and then prompts students to generalize the patterns of the language (Thornbury,...show more
content...
I believe that it is crucial for the learners to get involved in any activity in the class. In that way, the
teacher will be able to give more opportunity to the students to use their mental effort and be
confident to make analysis on particular sentences (Inductive and deductive approach to grammar,
n.d.). The learners will be able to develop their knowledge on grammar implicitly when they are
able to justify and correct the errors. As given in the article, inductive approach begins with giving a
representative set of sentences about an area of English grammar. From there, the student then needs
to generalise a grammatical rule to explain the set of the sentences. Here, the lesson will be more
interesting as the class are in the mode of identifying and formulating rules regarding the samples
given. After that, they are asked to check and test the grammatical rule but in new sentences on the
same area of English grammar. In this section, the students are trying to fit in the rule and check
whether the sentences compatible with grammatical rule. They are also trying to rationalise each set
and revise the rules to accommodate new sentences. In this way, the learning takes place in simple,
logical and consistent manner to help the establishment of grammatical rule

Inductive Argument Paper
My example for inductive reasoning also came from my weekend spent with my 13 year old
daughter Dallas.
With my wife being out of town, I wanted to show Dallas my expertise in the kitchen and make her
breakfast. I decided that I wanted to make her pancakes and an omelet.
Plumlee and Taverna (2013) state "Inductive arguments is an argument in which the acceptance of
the conclusion depends upon the strength of the premises". In an inductive argument, the conclusion
is supported (but not proven) to a lesser or greater degree by the premises. Mometrix Academy
(2014) states that an Inductive argument starts with facts and details and leads to a general
conclusion". This is labeled as bottom up logic.
My inductive reasoning was as follows.
1.Dallas

Argument For Inductive Reasoning
Inductive reasoning is.
Inductive reasoning is a probabilistic reasoning in which the main claim concerns the improbability
of the conclusion being false given the premises being true. Premises of an inductive argument do
not entail the conclusion.
In deciding whether or not an argument in inductive it is important to pay attention to the
occurrence of special indicators words, the actual strength of the inferential link between the
premises and conclusion, and the style of argumentations. However, in case of a conflict between the
indicators and form and the inferential links, indicators have the least priority in deciding the kind of
underlying reasoning, simply because, the language of many arguments is incomplete.
Premises in an inductive...show more content...
I haven't read many books about philosophy and never invested much time and effort in learning and
evaluating the subtle arguments out there. I'm taking baby steps in practicing philosophy and
anything I write here is for the purpose of delivering this assignment and challenging myself to
formulate some ideas that can easily be wrong. With that in mind, this is what I think about Hume's
Problem of Induction:
a) Healthy skepticism. This is the keyword in Hume's argument. What I take from his line of
reasoning is that we should always save a place in our mind for doubting our conclusions and being
open to other ideas. Knowing that our past experiences aren't a box in which we can contain the
universe and expect it to behave within our self–appointed candidates of frameworks can lead to
some real nasty dogmatic beliefs.
b) Credibility vs. absolute truths. Theories gain credibility as the body of data grows and fits within
the theory, all attempts to falsify it fail, and they lead us to a better understanding of the
surroundings which in due time become a part of our knowledge about the word. Theories aren't our
way of claiming to know the absolute truth about a subject or unchanging declarations written in
stone. Induction and deduction, testing and predictions are tools we use to form the best possible
model of reality that matches that of the real

The Induction Process, An Outline Essay
An induction is a process for the employee to receive full understanding of the company values,
principles and objectives. It is designed for new employees and employees taking a new role
within the company. It helps to understand what the company expect from the employee. An
induction process gives a clear view to the employee about the company and gives him all the
information needed to fulfil his duty. It helps the employee to work effectively within a short time,
by following the guidance given. It helps to motivate a person by giving him understandable level
of knowledge to do the job. An induction process helps him to extend his skills. It gives the
employee a welcoming feeling, so the employee feels valuable. It...show more content...
The employee will be introduced to his mentor and members of the team. The line manager
delegate tasks to a mentor to reduce his workload. All necessary training will be delivered to the
employee on the first day to make him aware of safety in the work place. 3.First week at work.
Within the first week the employee will be closely followed, coached and trained by his line
manager and mentor. The employee will receive all training as required. All necessary meetings
will be arranged for the employee to meet his key contacts and customers. 4.From the second
week up to week twelve: The employee is coached by his line manager. More training is given.
The employee has been observed and assessed. The line manager will prepare constructive
feedback from the customers and key contacts. 5.End of the twelve week induction period. It is
very important to review the induction program of the employee at the end. The employee will
also have a chance to give his feedback, by filling in an evaluation form. We will know if an
employee has enough experience to do his job. The employee will know what is expected from him.
All concerns will be highlighted. A decision will be made if more training is needed. Good practise
principles are followed within the induction process. To follow a good practise is to prepare a basic
TO–DO list for the whole induction process.

What Is Conductive Reasoning?
Reasoning
a) From the point of view of reasoning can be defined as the set of processes that occur in the mind
and the processes such results conclusions can be drawn from local psychologist. It is useful in the
generation of new ideas in mind.
b) Inductive reasoning is the generalization making process as simple observations. Events that
occur regularly and can someone make a decision on their part, it is called inductive reasoning.
c) Deductive reasoning can be defined as the taking of a specific decision general information or
observations.
d) the effect Credibility refers to the tendency to draw conclusions or accepting local when the
content of intuitive logical conclusion, regardless of logical necessity.
e) It is a logically valid statement:
All New Yorkers are happy some people live in New York some people are happy
...show more
content...
Make the decision.
Take immediate steps to implement it.
Learn and reflect on the decision.
c) The way you look at an object can affect the way you see it. Sometimes, there are two images of
the same photo, but you can only see one at a time so that your brain chooses (when dealing with too
much information). "Illusions" cognitive knowledge–based stored worldwide (depth, rabbits,
women) and are also under some degree of conscious control (we can reverse the perception usually).
d) distorting illusions are characterized by distortions size, length, or curvature. A striking example is
the CafГ© wall illusion. Another example is the famous MГјller–Lyer illusion.
Ambiguous illusions are pictures or objects that elicit a "switch" in perception between alternative
interpretations. The Necker cube is a well known example; Another instance is the Rubin vase.
e) conducting program evaluations is an integral part of the operation and management of a program
because it helps determine whether you meet the needs of your customers and achieve the overall
objectives of your

Examples Of Inductive Approach
In general, there were two approaches that could be applied to teach grammar: deductive and
inductive. This dichotomy was built upon rule–based and example–based teaching. The deductive
approach, also known as a 'top down' approach, was a rule–based teaching style that involved
explaining the grammar item to learners before they encountered how rules functioned in language
and then applying it; therefore, the deductive approach was one of the explicit teaching styles
(Cowan, 2008). This approach was derived from the notion of deductive reasoning where the
concept went from the general to the specific. It can also be called rule driven learning. In such an
approach, the most favorable method was Grammar Translation Method where the grammar...show
more content...
This question relates to a long–standing debate among language teachers in the context of EFL
/ESL, since the two had their own significances for Particular learner progress. On one side,
deductive approach can be effective with students of a lower level, who are beginning to learn the
basic structures of the language, or with students who are accustomed to a more traditional style of
learning (Goner, Philips, and Walters,1995,p.134). Also, Deductive approach goes straightforwardly
to the point and can, therefore, be time–saving for the teacher and the class. Robinson (1996) proved
that learners performed grammatical tasks better and reacted faster in deductive rather than
inductive teaching. Erlam (2003) confirmed that deductive teaching was easier for learners to
acquire direct object pronouns in French as a second language, and it was highly likely that the
same holds true for learners of

Research Approach And Inductive Approach
When choosing the research approach, when the selection between deductive approach and inductive
approach both are suitable for the research. Deductive approach is when theory and hypothesis are
built up after reading literature and the testing theory and hypothesis is tested. Inductive approach is
focused on the testing theory. When this theory developed from the analysis of collected data which
depend on building theory (Saunders etal., 2003). So, the chosen method is the deductive approach.
First of all, we started to read the different literature to find the theories of our questions. If we start
to talk about research philosophy, we understand the way of thinking when it comes to the
development of knowledge. We can form the research process...show more content...
When purchasing buyers have different choices all they make can be stressful and the possibility
and demand on how to act and what to say can be an extra burden. Sometimes, the proposal of a
product from consumers come or just take a product among many. It will be difficult to make
choices, especially at the first purchase situation in an unknown environment. The purpose of this
dissertation was to do a brand research to see the movements of consumers for brand awareness.
When purchasing for the first–time what extent brand awareness matters in an unfamiliar
environment or culture. According to the research or theories, the consumer often buys products
most they recognize the brand easily more than the unknown brand. So, the factors have a greater
effect on the consumers for their buying behavior. Because of the time limitations, we are focusing
on the best–known theories in this field. The population was limited to the students of Daffodil
University. The theories in our questionnaire only included everyday commodities since student's
probable buy such products that they need for daily use products. Further, in the research, the only
factors that we considered were the one that had the most effect on the choice of

Inductive Reasoning And Prejudice
Inductive reasoning is the logical processes which starts with data and derives ideas from data;
showing those ideas are factual or likely. The extra data justifies the theory all believed true or
found accurate because all the data is combined to obtain a conclusion. Compared to an assumption
by prejudice that arises from unwarranted inductive extrapolations on an inadequate data set;
someone might be racist because they had an unpleasant experience once and now they use it to
generalize. Of course, that's really not how it works. One can have no data at all and be raised into
prejudice. There's no induction, only an axiom learnt and accepted. An individual has some
knowledge about the world they use to guess about stuff and doesn't realize

Difference Between Inductive And Guided Discovery
Introduction In this provided chapter, the teaching method is more likely to be the inductive
approach to language teaching or learning and deductive approach, or guided discovery.
Deductive vs. inductive grammar teaching There are differences between inductive approach
and deductive approach. Gollin (1998) stated that the inductive approach applied students to
work out what the rules are from examples and find out what the meanings are throughout the
given examples or practices whilst the deductive approach happened when teacher gives the
explicit rules first. To be more specific, the former refers to working from the general to more
specific whereas the latter moving from specific observations to broader generalizations. The
concept of "discovery techniques" in Harmar (1987) is a keeping of what inductive approach
which students start with several examples and will be soon asked to generate the rules through
their experiences and examples. Upon Harmar's idea, Scrivener (2011) prompt the concept of "
guided discovery" which is "activities that allow learners to generate their own discoveries and
explanations" (Scrivener, 2005). Broadly speaking, it is a consciousness raising in order to help
learners notice how a structure works....show more content...
If the teacher willing to deliver he/her lesson by using guided discover, the chronological order will
be used in order to explain each sub–chapter clearly. Firstly, the examples in reading part will be
illustrated; second, the vocabularies and pronunciations will be practiced; after all those, the
grammatical structures will be taught explicitly, too much/many, not enough, for example. If the
teacher decided using inductive approach, the grammar part will be ignored, instead of by letting
students discuss,summarize or generate it and then give the appropriate

Deductive and Inductive Approaches
CHAPTER ONE
DEDUCTIVE AND INDUCTIVE APPROACHES–
A SHORT REVIEW
1.1. Definitions and names
When it comes to teaching grammar two main trends have been competing with one another for
ages, these are: deductive and inductive approaches. While the first one seems to be more successful
as it has continuously been applied since ancient times, the other was appreciated only in Classical,
Reneissance, 19th and 20th century (Johnson, 1999, p. 147). However, it seems to have gained real
popularity recently. We can observe (Johnson, 1999, p. 147), that the deductive approach was
extremaly in favour in the Middle Ages, 18th and 19th century, when reading, writing and translating
texts were regarded as the most important skills. Luckily,...show more content...
228). According to Trahey and White in these exercises " ...learners are exposed to a high–frequency
of a particular language form in the instructional input leading to better knowledge and
understanding of that form by the learners" (Lightbown & Spada., 1999, p. 131). Pupils seem
to be surrounded by the language, on the contrary in the deductive approach learners are given
selected language structures to cope with, to complete tasks based only on this particular gramatical
item. Batstone (1994) calls this type of approach "teaching grammar as product" or "form–focused
approach" and sees it as a series of controlled activities with the significant role of the teacher and a
slightly limited role of the learners (pp. 224–227). However, he does not condemn this approach, he
admits it is still a very popular one and has some advantages. As a matter of fact, Batstone agrees
with Long's opinion that "structures, notions, functions, etc." cannot "be acquired separately, singly,
in linear additive fashion" and this is the weak point of the form–focused approach, yet it provides
good knowledge of rules and reinforces students feeling of understanding the language structure and
at the same time it encourages them to continue learning. In regards to the inductive approach
Batstone calls it teaching grammar as process or meaning focused approach (pp. 224–227) and
emphasises

Inductive Approach
Deductive: Deductive reasoning is a logical process in which a conclusion is based on the
concordance of multiple premises that are generally assumed to be true. Deductive reasoning is
sometimes referred to as top–down logic. Its counterpart, inductive reasoning, is sometimes referred
to as bottom–up logic. Difference: The main difference between inductive and deductive approaches
to research is that whilst a deductive approach is aimed and testing theory, an inductive approach is
concerned with the generation of new theory emerging from the data. Inductive or Deductive? Two
Different Approaches Learning Objectives 1.Describe the inductive approach to research, and
provide examples of inductive research. 2.Describe the deductive approach...show more content...
Specifically, no hypotheses can be found at the initial stages of the research and the researcher is
not sure about the type and nature of the research findings until the study is completed. In inductive
approach there is no theory at the beginning point of the research, and theories may evolve as a
result of the research: It is noted that "inductive reasoning is often referred to as a "bottom–up"
approach to knowing, in which the researcher uses observations to build an abstraction or to
describe a picture of the phenomenon that is being studied" (Lodico et al, 2010, p.10). In other
words, in inductive studies no known theories or patterns need to be tested during the research
process. Inductive reasoning is based on learning from experience. Patterns, resemblances and
regularities in experience (premises) are observed in order to reach conclusions (or to generate
theory). Here is an example: My nephew borrowed $100 last June but he did not pay back until
September as he had promised (PREMISE). Then he assured me that he will pay back until
Christmas but he didn't (PREMISE). He also failed in to keep his promise to pay back in March
(PREMISE). I reckon I have to face the facts. My nephew is never going to pay me back

Inductive Argument Paper
Logic is a science originating from Aristotle, which comprises the ideologies of validity of inference
and demonstration (Merriam–Webster, n.d.). Therefore, it is a tool to interrogate and understand the
world around us, by separating the valid properties from invalid properties (Sayle, 2013). However,
it is merely a tool, and may not be the best tool for a particular situation to analyze. At its base, logic
reduces to deductive and inductive reasoning. Deductive reasoning derives a conclusion from the
necessary consequence of a couple of true premises (Sayle, 2013). Moreover, inductive reasoning
comprises multiple true premises to form a valid conclusion (Sayle, 2013). Deductive reasoning
may be useful when solving simple problems with only two premises. For instance, if a car is a
vehicle and a vehicle has wheels, then a car has wheels. The benefit to this is that an invalid form of
the argument is easy to identify, when two true premises lead to a false conclusion (Sayle,...show
more content...
The format for this has multiple premises that tend to logically lead to a universal catchall. However,
it is impossible to properly determine if the inductive argument is truly valid, since the premises and
conclusion are a relation of patterns. For example, the sky is typically blue in the daytime, and since
it is daytime, the sky must be blue without having to physically look. In fact, this is incorrect, since it
can be raining, or cloudy during the day. Although the form follows inductive reasoning, it is hard to
prove the previous statement incorrect, without prior knowledge of the situation. As a result,
inductive reasoning is not entirely valuable, since the validity of the conclusion is unreliable.
Additionally, with Aristotelian logic, thetruth of the premise implies the truthful conclusion, which
the Russell Paradox contradicts to an extent (Sayle,

Essay On Induction
Induction
The problem and its solution
Introduction
In this paper the question "What are the possible solutions and alternatives for the problem of
induction?" will be answered. To answer this question, induction will be explained. After that the
problem of induction will be pointed out. Then possible solutions and alternatives will be discussed.
What is induction?
First of all: what is induction? Induction is a reasoning technique which is used to prove statements.
It uses general statements about observations, turned into premises, and uses these to form an
overall statement. There are three conditions which need to be followed for a proper proof by
induction. REFERENTIE INDUCTION
1)The number of observations must be large.
2)The observations should be repeated under a large amount of conditions
3)Not a single observation should be in conflict with the argument.
Induction uses two steps. The first one is to observe and make premises. The...show more content...
He does that by providing the theory that it actually is not a way to proof things, but to make
induction a way of creating a statement, which can be proven wrong by using conjecture and
criticism (Popper, 1963). Instead of looking for theories that are probably true, science should look
for theories that are probably false. Instead of finding justification, there should be looked for errors
in existing theories to correct (Popper, 1963).
According to Immanuel Kant our fundamental convictions about the natural world are derived from
twelve a priori –principles which he had classified into four categories: Quantity, Quality, Relation
and Modality. He believed that we have obtained these a priori–principles in the process of natural
selection. Because of these principles, we were able to judge induction quite accurate (Kant, 1781).
Even though this gives an explanation for our trust in the principle of induction, it does not give any
justification for our

Induction Vs Inductive Reasoning
The problem with induction lies within its logical validity. In inductive reasoning, we make
seemingly justified assumptions about future events based on past observations. The premises of our
claim are assumed to be true; however, they do not guarantee the truth of the conclusion (135)
Instead, induction uses the observable evidence as strength to infer the probability of the new claim
being true. Inductive reasoning is therefore, logically invalid. These repeated observations, no matter
how prevalent, fail to ensure that the conclusion is true. They merely states that the truth is probable.
A valid, logical argument requires that if the premises are true, then the conclusion must be true, as
well.
Invalid structures of reasoning state that, even if the premises were true, the conclusion could have
been either true or false: which is the case with induction. By not ensuring the truth...show more
content...
(161) Popper goes on to insist that induction cannot even be attempted to justify, due to its core
premise being completely invalid, and therefore unjustifiable by default. Popper believes that
induction is in no way factual or a necessary thought process. He explains that the entire idea of
induction is an illusion, one that we are mistaking for the actual practice of trial and error (161)
Particularly regarding scientific knowledge, and the notion that knowledge requires a validity that is
established by repeated empirical testing. (162) Popper denies the idea that scientific knowledge is
induction, and instead explains knowledge in terms of hypotheticals, and tests for falsifiability. (162)
Popper states that while these hypotheticals, or theories, cannot be supported, they can be rigorously
tested to show the possibility of being proven false. The ability to refute something logically, allows
for a counter–instance that ensures a logical opposite.

Induction Reasoning
The problem of induction is based on induction reasoning which focuses on creating board
generalizations from specific observations. We make an observation, discover that there's a pattern
linked to the observation and then we build on a generalization/assumption on that observation.
The problem with induction reasoning is that many people rely on the perception that whatever
has happened in the past, will be resembled in the future; therefore since it has happened before, it
will happen again. For example, how do I know that the sun will rise tomorrow? My answer would
be based on my knowledge through induction: I know the sun will rise tomorrow, because it has
risen every day in the past. The reason why this is an unreliable source of thinking

Inductive Argument
C.This article is an inductive argument. We can prove with a reasonable level of certainty, with
statistics, that racial or religious profiling is helpful in the prevention and or identification of
crimes and catastrophic events. However, we cannot prove indefinitely that all crimes and
catastrophes are directly correlated with specific races or religious beliefs as a basis to commit.
Therefore, this argument is inductive since it is based largely on probability. D.This argument is
good. The premises are unbiased and the argument starts out with quickly clarifying that everyone is
profiled irrespective of backgrounds or beliefs. Premise 3 could be debated but the others gives
sound reasoning to permit it. The article gives many factual

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Inductive Theory
Inductive Theory: Inductive approach is concerned with the generation of new theory emerging from
data. Inductive approach will usually use research question to narrow the scope of study. Induction is
known as a conclusion reached through reasoning. An inductive statement is derived using facts and
instances which lead to the formation of a general opinion. Though all the facts upon which the
conclusion is based are true, there is still a chance of the conclusion reached being false. This type of
reasoning goes from specific facts to a general statement. An inductive statement is of two types; a
strong inductive statement or a weak inductive statement. It depends on its authenticity. A strong
statement has the possibility...show more content...
In other words, truth or falsehood of a deductive argument is dependent upon its premises.
Advantages of Deductive Theory:
The advantages of deductive theory are as follows:
It is a downward process of thought and leads to useful results.
It is straight and to the point.
It is less time consuming.
It allows more time for practice and application.
Disadvantages of Deductive Theory:
The disadvantages of deductive theory are:
It does not give any new knowledge because its premises are already tested. It draws theory from
general information and then extracts a specific conclusion which proves the past or present truth.
It is reduced merely to a method for verification.
It encourages dependence on other resources.
Advantages of Inductive Theory:
Inductive theory provides the following advantages:
It provides first–hand knowledge and information by actual observation.
Induction theory is future oriented. It gathers specific information, then draws a general conclusion
which predicts what you will find in the future.
It can increase the creativity of the researcher.
Disadvantages of Inductive

Inductive Argument: Is Induction Justified?
Inductive argument The original Hume formulation simply put is that the future will resemble the
past. In that causal relationships observed previously it will continue to apply to similar
circumstances. We expect dropping an object will result in it falling, because in the past it has
always fallen. Yet we must ask how is this justified? It is always logically possible for a pattern of
observations to be broken, no matter how strong or consistent the pattern has been. The only
apparent alternative is to justify our inductive beliefs through induction, but this is circular. In the
absence of a third option for justification the problem seems to be conclusive: induction has not been
justified (Hume section 7). Then there is Nelson Goodman's

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