10. External
Respiration
Gas Exchange in pulmonary capillaries
Breathing
largely
involuntary
activity
Ventilation
exchange of air
between lungs and
atmosphere
24. Larynx (Voice Box): Reinforced with
cartilage. Contains vocal cords, which
allow us to make sounds by voluntarily
tensing muscles.
25. High pitched sounds: Vocal cords
are tense, vibrate fast.
Low pitched sounds: Vocal cords
are relaxed, vibrate slowly.
More prominent in males
(Adam’s apple).
29. Trachea (Windpipe): Rings of cartilage
maintain shape of trachea, to prevent it
from closing. Forks into two bronchi.
30. Trachea
• Windpipe or airway
• mucous membrane lining with cilia
• smooth muscle with c-shaped cartilage rings
• divides into two branches: bronchi
• no gaseous exchange
42. Bronchi
• Bronchus, singular
• c-shaped cartilage rings with smooth muscle
• each bronchi divides into bronchioles
• terminate in air sacs called alveoli
43. Bronchioles: Fine tubes that allow passage
of air. Muscle layer constricts bronchioles.
Epithelium of bronchioles is covered with
cilia and mucus.
Mucus traps dust
and other
particles.
54. Respiration
• external respiration - exchange of gases in
lungs
• internal respiration - exchange of gases
within cells of the body organs and tissues
• ventilation - movement of air
62. Malfunctions & Diseases of the Respiratory System
asthma
severe allergic reaction
characterized by the
constriction of bronchioles
bronchitis
inflammation of the lining of
the bronchioles
emphysema
condition in which the alveoli
deteriorate, causing the lungs
to lose their elasticity
pneumonia
condition in which the alveoli
become filled with fluid,
preventing the exchange of
gases
lung cancer
irregular & uncontrolled
growth of tumors in the lung
tissue