1. This document discusses continuous beams and frames, which are structural elements made of concrete slabs, beams, columns, and footings that are monolithically connected.
2. It describes how to calculate the maximum moment in continuous beams using basic elastic analysis and considering the loading application and moment redistribution. The maximum positive moments within a span and maximum negative moments at supports are also addressed.
3. Formulas are provided to calculate the maximum and minimum positive moments based on the beam's properties and span between supports. The analysis considers both statically determinate and indeterminate continuous beams.
1. The document discusses bending behavior and plastic moment capacity of beams. When a beam yields, plastic hinges form which allow unstable collapse mechanisms to develop.
2. Bending stress is calculated based on the elastic bending formula. As the stress increases, the beam first yields at the outer fibers where the maximum bending stress reaches the yield strength.
3. After initial yielding, the stress can redistribute until the plastic neutral axis forms. The plastic moment capacity is then reached and is calculated based on the plastic section modulus.
12. displacement method of analysis moment distributionChhay Teng
1. The displacement method of analysis, also known as moment distribution, is an iterative technique for analyzing indeterminate structures by redistributing internal moments at joints.
2. Key concepts include member stiffness factors (K), which relate the member end moments (M) to angular displacements (θ), joint stiffness factors (KT), which are the sum of the connected member stiffness factors, and distribution factors (DF), which proportion the influence of each member on a joint based on its stiffness factor.
3. The method involves initially assuming end moments, calculating the distribution factors, and using them to calculate new end moments until the values converge within a specified tolerance. This allows determination of the internal forces throughout the structure.
1. The document discusses member design under compression and bending forces. It provides equations and diagrams for determining the plastic centroid, axial load capacity, moment capacity, and balanced or interaction conditions of members.
2. Safety provisions for member design include minimum reinforcement ratios and load factors that are applied to nominal member strengths based on material properties and cross section details.
3. Diagrams show load-moment interaction curves indicating regions of failure by compression, tension, or balanced flexure for members designed based on provisions in the document.
X. connections for prestressed concrete elementChhay Teng
This document provides guidance on connections for prestressed concrete elements. It discusses tolerance requirements for connections, introduces composite members formed using situ-cast topping, and describes reinforced concrete bearing in composite members. Specifically, it outlines procedures for calculating the design bearing strength of a reinforced concrete bearing using nominal strength equations. It also presents equations for determining the development length and shear capacity of reinforcing bars at the interface between a concrete bearing and a composite member. The guidance aims to ensure connections have adequate strength and durability while also considering constructability and economics.
This document provides details on types of stairs and their components. It discusses:
1) Six common types of stairs including single-flight, double-flight, three or more flight, cantilever, precast flights, and free standing stairs.
2) Stair components like risers, treads, and landings and design considerations for each.
3) Additional stair types like run-riser stairs that have proportional risers and treads.
1. This document discusses tension members and their design strength. Tension members are structural elements that are primarily subjected to tensile forces such as those in trusses, suspension bridges, and cable-stayed bridges.
2. The design strength of a tension member is based on either its gross section resisting yielding, or its net section resisting fracture. Allowable stresses are reduced using strength reduction factors to obtain the design strength.
3. Examples are provided to calculate the design strength of given tension members based on their material properties and dimensions. The effective net area is considered to account for things like bolt holes. Combinations of loads are also checked to ensure the design strength is not exceeded.
1. This document discusses continuous beams and frames, which are structural elements made of concrete slabs, beams, columns, and footings that are monolithically connected.
2. It describes how to calculate the maximum moment in continuous beams using basic elastic analysis and considering the loading application and moment redistribution. The maximum positive moments within a span and maximum negative moments at supports are also addressed.
3. Formulas are provided to calculate the maximum and minimum positive moments based on the beam's properties and span between supports. The analysis considers both statically determinate and indeterminate continuous beams.
1. The document discusses bending behavior and plastic moment capacity of beams. When a beam yields, plastic hinges form which allow unstable collapse mechanisms to develop.
2. Bending stress is calculated based on the elastic bending formula. As the stress increases, the beam first yields at the outer fibers where the maximum bending stress reaches the yield strength.
3. After initial yielding, the stress can redistribute until the plastic neutral axis forms. The plastic moment capacity is then reached and is calculated based on the plastic section modulus.
12. displacement method of analysis moment distributionChhay Teng
1. The displacement method of analysis, also known as moment distribution, is an iterative technique for analyzing indeterminate structures by redistributing internal moments at joints.
2. Key concepts include member stiffness factors (K), which relate the member end moments (M) to angular displacements (θ), joint stiffness factors (KT), which are the sum of the connected member stiffness factors, and distribution factors (DF), which proportion the influence of each member on a joint based on its stiffness factor.
3. The method involves initially assuming end moments, calculating the distribution factors, and using them to calculate new end moments until the values converge within a specified tolerance. This allows determination of the internal forces throughout the structure.
1. The document discusses member design under compression and bending forces. It provides equations and diagrams for determining the plastic centroid, axial load capacity, moment capacity, and balanced or interaction conditions of members.
2. Safety provisions for member design include minimum reinforcement ratios and load factors that are applied to nominal member strengths based on material properties and cross section details.
3. Diagrams show load-moment interaction curves indicating regions of failure by compression, tension, or balanced flexure for members designed based on provisions in the document.
X. connections for prestressed concrete elementChhay Teng
This document provides guidance on connections for prestressed concrete elements. It discusses tolerance requirements for connections, introduces composite members formed using situ-cast topping, and describes reinforced concrete bearing in composite members. Specifically, it outlines procedures for calculating the design bearing strength of a reinforced concrete bearing using nominal strength equations. It also presents equations for determining the development length and shear capacity of reinforcing bars at the interface between a concrete bearing and a composite member. The guidance aims to ensure connections have adequate strength and durability while also considering constructability and economics.
This document provides details on types of stairs and their components. It discusses:
1) Six common types of stairs including single-flight, double-flight, three or more flight, cantilever, precast flights, and free standing stairs.
2) Stair components like risers, treads, and landings and design considerations for each.
3) Additional stair types like run-riser stairs that have proportional risers and treads.
1. This document discusses tension members and their design strength. Tension members are structural elements that are primarily subjected to tensile forces such as those in trusses, suspension bridges, and cable-stayed bridges.
2. The design strength of a tension member is based on either its gross section resisting yielding, or its net section resisting fracture. Allowable stresses are reduced using strength reduction factors to obtain the design strength.
3. Examples are provided to calculate the design strength of given tension members based on their material properties and dimensions. The effective net area is considered to account for things like bolt holes. Combinations of loads are also checked to ensure the design strength is not exceeded.
This document provides instructions on various AutoCAD commands for 2D drawing and editing, text and hatching, layers, dimensions, blocks, and external references. It consists of 7 chapters that explain tools for drawing lines, circles, arcs, and other objects; editing objects by moving, copying, rotating, mirroring, and arraying; adding text and hatch patterns; managing layers; creating dimensions; inserting blocks; and linking to external drawings. The goal is to teach civil engineering students how to use AutoCAD for 2D drafting.
This document discusses moment amplification in beam-columns. It explains that the actual moment in a beam-column can be higher than the design moment due to the effects of axial load. The moment is amplified due to the nonlinear relationship between moment and axial deformation. Design codes account for this phenomenon using moment magnification factors which relate the actual moment to the design moment based on the level of axial load. The document provides an example calculation to demonstrate moment amplification based on the AISC specification equations.
1) The document discusses column theory and compression members. It introduces the concept of critical buckling load and explains how a column's slenderness ratio affects its buckling strength.
2) The theory of column buckling is explained using Euler buckling formula. The critical buckling load depends on the column's elastic modulus, moment of inertia, and length.
3) Buckling modes are determined by solving the differential equation for the deflection curve of the column. The first buckling mode occurs when the column length is equal to π√(EI/P).
1. There are several types of retaining walls, including gravity walls, semi-gravity walls, cantilever retaining walls, counterfort retaining walls, and buttressed retaining walls.
2. Forces acting on retaining walls include active and passive soil pressures. Active pressure is exerted by soil pushing on the front face of the retaining wall, while passive pressure acts on the back side of the wall from soil resistance.
3. The magnitude of active and passive soil pressures depends on factors like the soil type, depth of soil, and angle of internal friction of the soil. Formulas developed by Rankine and Coulomb are commonly used to calculate active and passive pressures.
Vii. camber, deflection, and crack controlChhay Teng
This document discusses camber, deflection, and crack control in concrete structures. It introduces the basic assumptions used in deflection calculations, which include elastic behavior, modulus of elasticity, superposition principle, and tendon properties. It then describes the load-deflection relationship in three stages: precracking, postcracking, and postserviceability cracking. Formulas are provided for calculating cracking and serviceability loads based on modulus of rupture and concrete strength. Overall, the document provides an introduction to evaluating and controlling deflection and cracking in concrete members.
Xii.lrfd and stan dard aastho design of concrete bridgeChhay Teng
This document discusses load specifications for bridge design according to the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) Load and Resistance Factor Design (LRFD) and Standard Specifications. It introduces the AASHTO truck and lane loading models used for design. Key points include:
1) Standard AASHTO and LRFD specifications for truck axle configurations and weights.
2) Provisions for impact, longitudinal forces, and centrifugal forces under the AASHTO Standard (LFD) specifications.
3) Methods for reducing lane load intensity based on number of traffic lanes.
13 beams and frames having nonprismatic membersChhay Teng
1) The document discusses methods for analyzing non-prismatic structural members, such as tapered or stepped beams and frames, using the slope-deflection and moment distribution methods.
2) It describes calculating the deflection of non-prismatic members through integration, and introduces the concepts of stiffness factor K, carry-over factor COF, and the conjugate beam method for analyzing loading properties.
3) An example problem is presented to demonstrate calculating the fixed-end moment FEM at joints A and B of a tapered beam using the given stiffness factors K and carry-over factors COF from the conjugate beam analysis.
The document appears to be a series of numbers or codes with the name T. Chhay and the letters NPIC repeated at the top. It does not contain enough contextual information to summarize its meaning or purpose in 3 sentences or less.
14. truss analysis using the stiffness methodChhay Teng
1. The document discusses analyzing truss structures using the stiffness method. It begins by introducing the fundamentals of the stiffness method for truss analysis.
2. It describes how to derive the member stiffness matrix for each truss member, which relates the forces and displacements in the member's local coordinate system.
3. It provides equations to transform between the member's local coordinate system and the global coordinate system of the truss, in order to assemble the overall structure stiffness matrix for the truss.
This document provides guidelines for civil engineering drawing practices in 3 chapters:
1. Structural drawing conventions - Defines scales, views, dimensions, and other structural drawing standards.
2. Drawing components - Details various drawing elements like lines, dimensions, symbols and annotations.
3. CAD drafting - Discusses computer-aided drafting techniques, templates, layers and other digital drafting practices.
The document establishes standards for civil engineering drawings to ensure consistency and clarity across projects. It covers topics like drawing layouts, line weights, dimensioning, modeling and documentation. Adherence to the guidelines will result in structural drawings that effectively communicate engineering design information.
This document discusses the effective length factor (K) used for calculating the effective length of slender columns. It provides three methods for determining K based on the restraint conditions at the column ends:
1. Using alignment charts and restraint factors (ψA and ψB) for the column and bracing members.
2. Equations relating K to ψmin for partially restrained columns.
3. A simplified equation for K if the column is hinged at one end.
Examples are given to calculate K using the alignment chart method for different bracing conditions. The effective length is important for evaluating the strength and stability of slender columns.
This document discusses shear and torsion strength design of beams. It introduces the concepts of shear stress and torsion stress, and how they are related to the internal forces in a beam. The document explains homogeneous and non-homogeneous beam behavior under shear and torsion loading based on classical beam mechanics. It provides equations to calculate maximum shear stresses and strains in homogeneous and non-homogeneous beams. Failure modes such as flexural failure, diagonal tension failure, and shear compression failure are also discussed for beams without diagonal tension reinforcement.
This document provides an introduction and overview of Corus Advance structural sections for use in steel construction. It includes the following key points:
- Corus is a major UK and global steel producer and manufacturer of structural steel sections.
- Steel construction offers benefits like speed of construction, economy, flexibility, sustainability, and recyclability.
- The document contains selection of structural section property tables from the Corus Advance range to assist students in steel structure design.
- For the full listing of Advance section properties and capacities, the online "Blue Book" can be downloaded from the Corus website.
This document provides instructions on various AutoCAD commands for 2D drawing and editing, text and hatching, layers, dimensions, blocks, and external references. It consists of 7 chapters that explain tools for drawing lines, circles, arcs, and other objects; editing objects by moving, copying, rotating, mirroring, and arraying; adding text and hatch patterns; managing layers; creating dimensions; inserting blocks; and linking to external drawings. The goal is to teach civil engineering students how to use AutoCAD for 2D drafting.
This document discusses moment amplification in beam-columns. It explains that the actual moment in a beam-column can be higher than the design moment due to the effects of axial load. The moment is amplified due to the nonlinear relationship between moment and axial deformation. Design codes account for this phenomenon using moment magnification factors which relate the actual moment to the design moment based on the level of axial load. The document provides an example calculation to demonstrate moment amplification based on the AISC specification equations.
1) The document discusses column theory and compression members. It introduces the concept of critical buckling load and explains how a column's slenderness ratio affects its buckling strength.
2) The theory of column buckling is explained using Euler buckling formula. The critical buckling load depends on the column's elastic modulus, moment of inertia, and length.
3) Buckling modes are determined by solving the differential equation for the deflection curve of the column. The first buckling mode occurs when the column length is equal to π√(EI/P).
1. There are several types of retaining walls, including gravity walls, semi-gravity walls, cantilever retaining walls, counterfort retaining walls, and buttressed retaining walls.
2. Forces acting on retaining walls include active and passive soil pressures. Active pressure is exerted by soil pushing on the front face of the retaining wall, while passive pressure acts on the back side of the wall from soil resistance.
3. The magnitude of active and passive soil pressures depends on factors like the soil type, depth of soil, and angle of internal friction of the soil. Formulas developed by Rankine and Coulomb are commonly used to calculate active and passive pressures.
Vii. camber, deflection, and crack controlChhay Teng
This document discusses camber, deflection, and crack control in concrete structures. It introduces the basic assumptions used in deflection calculations, which include elastic behavior, modulus of elasticity, superposition principle, and tendon properties. It then describes the load-deflection relationship in three stages: precracking, postcracking, and postserviceability cracking. Formulas are provided for calculating cracking and serviceability loads based on modulus of rupture and concrete strength. Overall, the document provides an introduction to evaluating and controlling deflection and cracking in concrete members.
Xii.lrfd and stan dard aastho design of concrete bridgeChhay Teng
This document discusses load specifications for bridge design according to the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) Load and Resistance Factor Design (LRFD) and Standard Specifications. It introduces the AASHTO truck and lane loading models used for design. Key points include:
1) Standard AASHTO and LRFD specifications for truck axle configurations and weights.
2) Provisions for impact, longitudinal forces, and centrifugal forces under the AASHTO Standard (LFD) specifications.
3) Methods for reducing lane load intensity based on number of traffic lanes.
13 beams and frames having nonprismatic membersChhay Teng
1) The document discusses methods for analyzing non-prismatic structural members, such as tapered or stepped beams and frames, using the slope-deflection and moment distribution methods.
2) It describes calculating the deflection of non-prismatic members through integration, and introduces the concepts of stiffness factor K, carry-over factor COF, and the conjugate beam method for analyzing loading properties.
3) An example problem is presented to demonstrate calculating the fixed-end moment FEM at joints A and B of a tapered beam using the given stiffness factors K and carry-over factors COF from the conjugate beam analysis.
The document appears to be a series of numbers or codes with the name T. Chhay and the letters NPIC repeated at the top. It does not contain enough contextual information to summarize its meaning or purpose in 3 sentences or less.
14. truss analysis using the stiffness methodChhay Teng
1. The document discusses analyzing truss structures using the stiffness method. It begins by introducing the fundamentals of the stiffness method for truss analysis.
2. It describes how to derive the member stiffness matrix for each truss member, which relates the forces and displacements in the member's local coordinate system.
3. It provides equations to transform between the member's local coordinate system and the global coordinate system of the truss, in order to assemble the overall structure stiffness matrix for the truss.
This document provides guidelines for civil engineering drawing practices in 3 chapters:
1. Structural drawing conventions - Defines scales, views, dimensions, and other structural drawing standards.
2. Drawing components - Details various drawing elements like lines, dimensions, symbols and annotations.
3. CAD drafting - Discusses computer-aided drafting techniques, templates, layers and other digital drafting practices.
The document establishes standards for civil engineering drawings to ensure consistency and clarity across projects. It covers topics like drawing layouts, line weights, dimensioning, modeling and documentation. Adherence to the guidelines will result in structural drawings that effectively communicate engineering design information.
This document discusses the effective length factor (K) used for calculating the effective length of slender columns. It provides three methods for determining K based on the restraint conditions at the column ends:
1. Using alignment charts and restraint factors (ψA and ψB) for the column and bracing members.
2. Equations relating K to ψmin for partially restrained columns.
3. A simplified equation for K if the column is hinged at one end.
Examples are given to calculate K using the alignment chart method for different bracing conditions. The effective length is important for evaluating the strength and stability of slender columns.
This document discusses shear and torsion strength design of beams. It introduces the concepts of shear stress and torsion stress, and how they are related to the internal forces in a beam. The document explains homogeneous and non-homogeneous beam behavior under shear and torsion loading based on classical beam mechanics. It provides equations to calculate maximum shear stresses and strains in homogeneous and non-homogeneous beams. Failure modes such as flexural failure, diagonal tension failure, and shear compression failure are also discussed for beams without diagonal tension reinforcement.
This document provides an introduction and overview of Corus Advance structural sections for use in steel construction. It includes the following key points:
- Corus is a major UK and global steel producer and manufacturer of structural steel sections.
- Steel construction offers benefits like speed of construction, economy, flexibility, sustainability, and recyclability.
- The document contains selection of structural section property tables from the Corus Advance range to assist students in steel structure design.
- For the full listing of Advance section properties and capacities, the online "Blue Book" can be downloaded from the Corus website.
2009 ncdd-csf-technical-manual-vol-i-study-design-guidelinesChhay Teng
This document provides guidelines for the study and design of small-scale infrastructure projects funded by the Commune/Sangkat Fund in Cambodia. It introduces the technical forms and template designs used for roads, irrigation systems, water supply, education, health and sanitation projects. Guidelines are given on how to read and use the template drawings, which conform to the standards of relevant line ministries. The manual aims to support good quality project design and construction supervision that can be implemented with locally available skills and resources. Field visits by technical support officers are recommended to verify project needs and objectives.
The document provides an overview of concrete basics, including the materials used to make concrete, properties of concrete in different states, common concrete tests to measure workability and strength, and factors that affect the strength and durability of hardened concrete. Concrete is made by mixing cement, water, coarse and fine aggregates, and sometimes admixtures, and its workability and strength can be tested using slump and compression tests.
Rebar arrangement and construction carryoutChhay Teng
The document discusses rebar arrangement and construction procedures. It begins by emphasizing the importance of thoroughly understanding construction drawings before beginning work. It then provides details on different types of drawings used for construction, including plans, elevations, sections, and structural drawings. Finally, it discusses rebar characteristics, production processes, and standard symbols and terminology used in construction drawings.
1 dimension and properties table of w shapesChhay Teng
This document provides dimension and properties data for various W-shape steel beams, including their area, depth, web and flange dimensions, elastic properties, plastic modulus, and warping properties. Metrics such as the nominal weight, compact section criteria, moment of inertia, plastic section modulus, and warping constant are given for each beam designation. Over 30 different W-shape beams ranging in size from W1120x4.89 to W910x12.37 are listed with their respective dimension and mechanical properties.
2 dimension and properties table of s shapeChhay Teng
This table provides dimensional and mechanical properties for various S-shape steel beams. It includes properties like cross-sectional area, depth, wall thickness, elastic modulus, plastic modulus, shear center location, and weight. Properties are listed for beam designations ranging from S610x1.77 down to S80x0.08. The data allows comparison of key metrics across different standardized beam sizes.
3 dimension and properties table of hp shapeChhay Teng
This table provides dimensional properties and elastic properties for various HP-shape steel beams. It includes measurements like area, depth, web thickness, flange width and thickness, moment of inertia, plastic modulus, and polar moment of inertia. The data is sourced from an online structural drafting resource and specifies properties for beams with designations like HP360x1.71, HP300x1.23, and HP360x0.53.
4 dimension and properties table c shapeChhay Teng
This document provides dimensional and mechanical properties for various C-shaped cross section profiles. It lists nominal dimensions such as depth, web thickness, flange width and thickness, along with mechanical properties including section area, elastic modulus, plastic modulus, shear center location, polar moment of inertia, and warping constant. C-shapes ranging from 380x0.73mm to 80x0.073mm are specified. Key dimensional and mechanical properties are given to characterize each cross sectional geometry.
6 dimension and properties table of ipe shapeChhay Teng
This document provides dimensional properties for various IPE steel beam shapes. It includes dimensions, cross-sectional area, weight, section properties such as moments of inertia, and minimum dimensions for connections. The table lists data for IPE beams ranging from 80 mm to 600 mm, including their height, width, wall thicknesses, and other geometric properties.
This document provides dimensional properties and specifications for different profiles of IPN-shaped steel beams, ranging from IPN 80 to IPN 600. For each profile, it lists dimensions, cross-sectional area, weight, dimensional properties for detailing, and mechanical properties along the strong and weak axes. A total of 24 IPN profiles are defined in the table with increasing dimensions, areas, and load-bearing capacities from smaller to larger sizes.
8 dimension and properties table of equal leg angleChhay Teng
This document provides dimensional properties and specifications for equal leg angle steel beams of various sizes. It includes dimensions, cross-sectional area, weight, position of axes, surface area, and other mechanical properties. Sizes range from 20x20mm to 120x120mm beams with wall thicknesses of 3mm to 13mm.
The document provides dimensional properties for various UPE-shaped steel beams, including their height, width, wall thickness, flange thickness, area, weight, moments of inertia, and other specifications. Dimensions are given in millimeters and kilograms per meter. Beams range in size from a UPE 80 with a height of 80mm up to a UPE 400 with a height of 400mm.
This document provides dimensional properties for various UPN steel beam shapes. It includes dimensions for the height, width, thicknesses, radii, slopes, cross-sectional areas, weights, and other geometric properties. The table lists these specifications for UPN beams ranging in size from 80x45x6 mm to 400x110x14 mm.
1. Carrés
Dimensions: EU 79-69
Tolérances: EU 59-78
Etat de surface conforme à EN 10163-3: 1991, classe C, sous-classe 1
Square bars
Dimensions: EU 79-69
Tolerances: EU 59-78
Surface condition according to EN 10163-3: 1991, class C, subclass 1
a a
Vierkantstahl
Abmessungen: EU 79-69
Toleranzen: EU 59-78
Oberflächenbeschaffenheit gemäß EN 10163-3: 1991, Klasse C, Untergruppe 1 a a
Bords arrondis Bords pointus
EN 10025:1993
Rounded edges Sharp edges
Gerundete Kanten Scharfe Kanten
axa
Masse / Mass / Masse Masse / Mass / Masse
kg/m kg/m
45 x 45+ 15,7 ✔
50 x 50+ 19,4 ✔
55 x 55+ 23,5 ✔
60 x 60+ 27,9 ✔
65 x 65+ 32,7 ✔
70 x 70+ 38,0 ✔
80 x 80+ 49,6 ✔
85 x 85+ 56,0 ✔
90 x 90+ 63,6 ✔
95 x 95+ 69,9 ✔
100 x 100+ 77,5 78,5 ✔
110 x 110+ 95,0 ✔
120 x 120+ 113 ✔
130 x 130+ 133 ✔
140 x 140+ 153 ✔
150 x 150+ 173 ✔
160 x 160+ 200 ✔
+ Commande minimale: 40 t par profilé et qualité ou suivant accord.
+ Minimum order: 40 t per section and grade or upon agreement.
100
+ Mindestbestellmenge: 40 t pro Profil und Güte oder nach Vereinbarung.