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Prise	en	charge	chirurgicale	de	la	
maladie	de	Verneuil
Philippe	GUILLEM
Clinique	du	Val	d’Ouest
Ecully
Objectifs	de	la	chirurgie
1. Empêcher	la	récidive	à	l’endroit	opéré
2. Rémission	de	la	maladie	en	une	ou	
plusieurs	résections
Le	seul	traitement	curatif	de	la	MV
Les	principes	de	la	prise	en	charge	chirurgicale
• Intégrée	dans	une	prise	en	charge	globale	:
– Médicale
– Soins	de	support
• au	cas	par	cas		(discussion	médecin/patient)	:
– Ambulatoire	ou	hospitalisation	traditionnelle
– Une	ou	plusieurs	lésions	en	même	temps
• idéalement	:	éviter	les	interventions	à	chaud
• Nécessité	d’un	repérage	des	lésions
• En	post-opératoire,	gestion
– de	la	douleur		+++
– de	la	plaie	(soins	infirmiers)
– des	complications	:	hémorragie,	infection
• A	distance,	gestion	:
– de	la	récidive
– des	séquelles	liées	à	la	chirurgie
– d‘un	éventuel	traitement	d’entretien
Les	alternatives	techniques
Incision	+/- drainage
Exérèses	limitées
Exérèses	larges
marsupialisation (deroofing)
destruction	laser
Exérèse	limitée
Traitement	chirurgical	
d’une	lésion	de	
maladie	de	Verneuil
Gestion	postopératoire	
de	la	plaie	chirurgicale
(traitement	adjuvant)
Suture	primaire
Cicatrisation	dirigée
(secondaire)
Greffe	/	Lambeau
Greffe	de	peau	mince
Greffe	de	peau	totale
Lambeau	de	rotation
Lambeau	pédiculé
• 31	patients	opérés	pour	MV
• Suivi postopératoire moyen =	72	mois (3–238)
Technique
d’exérèse
Nombre	de	
patients
Risque de	récidive	
locale
Délai	médian	
d’apparition de	la	
récidive
Incision/drainage n	=	6 100% 3	mois
Excision	limitée n	=	14 43% 11	mois
Excision	large n	=	11 27% 20	mois
Les	alternatives	techniques
Incision	+/- drainage
Exérèses	limitées
Exérèses	larges
marsupialisation (deroofing)
destruction	laser
Exérèse	limitée
Traitement	chirurgical	
d’une	lésion	de	
maladie	de	Verneuil
Gestion	postopératoire	
de	la	plaie	chirurgicale
(traitement	adjuvant)
Suture	primaire
Cicatrisation	dirigée
(secondaire)
Greffe	/	Lambeau
Greffe	de	peau	mince
Greffe	de	peau	totale
Lambeau	de	rotation
Lambeau	pédiculé
Gestion	de	la	plaie	postopératoire
Suture	simple
sans avec
drainage drainage
Cicatrisation
dirigée
mèche
Greffe	de	peau	mince
Greffe	de	peau	totale
Lambeau	de	rotation
Lambeau	pédiculé
Gestion	de	la	plaie	postopératoire
Suture	simple
sans avec
drainage drainage
Cicatrisation
dirigée
mèche
Greffe	de	peau	mince
Greffe	de	peau	totale
Lambeau	de	rotation
Lambeau	pédiculé
J0 J11 J25 J39 J56 J68
Mme	H.	36	ans
• Maladie	de	Verneuil	
depuis	25	ans
• Atteinte	axillaire	
bilatérale
• Excision	le	20/02
J0 J25
J39 J56 J68
Axillaire	droit
J1
J30
J39
J47
J70
Melle	J.	17	ans
KSC
Contexte	familial	de	Verneuil
Excision	
le	16/02
INDICATIONS
?
“There	were	no	trials	investigating	when to	perform	surgery	or	
what surgical	procedure	to	consider”.	
Ingram	JR.	Cochrane	Database Syst Rev.	2015.	
“More randomized	controlled	trials	are	needed to	clarify the	
efficacy	of	surgical	treatment”.	
Mehdizadeh A.	J	Am	Acad Dermatol.	2015.
Littérature	:	comparaison difficile	des	résultats	(description	des	
lésions,	traitements	préalables,	échelles	de	sévérité…)
Revuz J.	Ann	Dermatol	Venereol.	2012.
INDICATIONS
Localisation
Douleur
Evolutivité
Sévérité
Comorbidités
Le	patient,	son	souhait
“The	decision	on	which	modality	to	use	depends	on	
the	acuity of	presentation,	severity of	the	disease,	
and	the	affected	locations”
Ellis	LZ.	Dermatol Surg.	2012.
“Factors	that	influenced	the	operative	approach	
included	the	sites affected,	the	extent of	skin,	the	
chronicity of	the	disease,	and	the	patient's	comorbid
conditions”
Kagan	RJ.Surgery.	2005.
“Surgical	treatment	of	HS	widely	depends	on	disease	
severity…”
Barlev D.	Skin	Therapy Lett.	2015.
Technique Temps	médian	de	
cicatrisation
Greffe	cutanée 7	semaines
(extrêmes	:	5	à	24)
Cicatrisation	
dirigée
12	semaines
(extrêmes :	5	à	36)
• 10	patients	avec	excision
axillaire	bilatérale
• D’un	côté :	greffe	de	peau
• De l’autre	côté	;	cicatrisation	
dirigée
Préférence des	patients	=	
cicatrisation	dirigée	:
• Liberté	de	mouvement
• Confort	global
• Pas	de	douleur	sur	un	site	
donneur
Indications	de	la	chirurgie
• Pas	d’étude	comparative	de	qualité
• En	complément/association/relais	du	traitement	
médical
• Indications	basées	sur	le	bon	sens
• Dès	que	le	patient	/	le	dermatologue	n’arrivent	plus	à	
gérer	médicalement	:
– Des	poussées	itératives	sur	une	lésion	ou	une	zone
– L’abcès	douloureux	sans	fistulisation	« spontané »
– La	lésion	chronique	peu	douloureuse	mais	qui	s’étend
– La	lésion	résistante	au	traitement	médical
Indications
• Tenir	compte	de	la	gravité	:
Zouboulis	EADV	2015
Indications	de	la	chirurgie
• Tenir	compte	aussi	du	nombre	de	sites	:
Guillem	Skin 2014
Résultats	de	la	chirurgie
• S’évaluent	en	termes	de	pourcentage	de	:
– Récidive	locale
– Satisfaction	du	patient
• Disparités	+++	dans	la	littérature	médicale	du	fait	de	:
– Définition	imprécise	de	la	récidive	locale
– Diversité	des	stades	de	gravité	lors	de	la	chirurgie
– Diversité	des	sites	opératoires
– Durée	variable	de	suivi	post-opératoire
• Pour	chaque	technique,	selon	les	études,	récidive	
très	variable	(de	20%	à	80%)	!
Aucune	étude	prospective	comparative	des	différentes	techniques	chirurgicales
Prise	en	charge	chirurgicale	de	la	
maladie	de	Verneuil
Conclusions
• La	chirurgie	est	un	traitement	local
• Objectif	:	pas	de	récidive	à	l’endroit	opéré	(seul	traitement	à	
assurer,	localement,	la	disparition	de	la	maladie)
• Aucune	étude	publiée	de	qualité	ne	permet	de	définir	:
– Les	indications	de	la	chirurgie
– Les	modalités	techniques
– Les	modalités	d’association	aux	autres	traitements	(notamment	
antibiotiques	ou	anti-TNFa)
– Les	résultats	en	termes	de	risque	de	récidive
• Indications	de	bon	sens	:
– Basées	sur	la	gravité	et	le	nombre	des	lésions
– En	concertation	avec	la	prise	en	charge	médicale
– En	association	avec	les	soins	de	support

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Prise en charge chirurgicale de la maladie de Verneuil