Fogscreen seminar report

COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
SYNERGY INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, DHENKANAL
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Guided by:
XxX
Presented by:
Sovan Misra
CS-07-42
0701230147

Seminarreport’10 DEPT - CSE
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DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE & ENGINEERING
SYNERGY INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING
AND TECHNOLOGY
DHENKANAL
CERTIFICATE
Certified that this is a bonafide record of the seminar entitled “FOG SCREEN”
done by the following student “SOVAN MISRA”of the 7th semester, Computer
Science and Engineering in the year 2010 in partial fulfilment of the
requirements of the award of Degree of Bachelor of Technology in Computer
Science and Engineering of Synergy InstituteOf Engineering And Technology,
Dhenkanal
XxX XxX
Seminar Guide Head of the Department

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I thank my seminar guide XxX Jena, Lecturer, SIET, for her proper guidance, and
valuable suggestions. I am indebted to XxX, the HOD, Computer Science
department & other faculty members for giving me an opportunity to learn
and do this seminar. If not for the above mentioned people my seminar would
never have been completed successfully. I once again extend my sincere
thanks to all of them.
SOVAN MISRA

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CONTENTS
 INTRODUCTION
 BRIEF HISTORY
 WHAT IS FOG SCREEN
 UNDER THE SURFACE

 FORMATION OF FOG SCREEN
 HOW FOG MACHINE WORKS
 TECHNOLOGY CHALLENGED
 APPLICATION
 ADVANTAGES
 LIMITATIONS
 OPPERTUNITIES
 SUCCESS OF FOG SCREEN
 REFERENCES

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ABSTRACT
Fog Screen is breakthrough technology that allows
projection of high qualityimages in the air. It is currently
the only walk-through projection screen. You can literally
use the air as youruser interface by touching only the air
with your bare hands. The screen is created by using a
suspended fog generating device with no frame around,
and works with video projectors. The fog they use is dry, so
it doesn’t make you wet even if you stay under the Fog
Screen device for a long time. The fog is made of ordinary
water with no chemicalswhat soever. With two projectors,
you can project different images on both sides of the
screen. It is a displaydevice which is the applicationof
computer graphics.
INTRODUCTION
 Inspired by science fiction movies such as Star Wars, two

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Finnish virtual reality researchers created the Fog Screen
to recreate some of the effects from these movies in real
life.
 Fog Screen is an exciting new projection technology that
allowsto project images and video onto a screen of “dry”
fog, creating the illusionthat the images are floating in
midair
 Fog Screen is the world’s first immaterial walk-through
projection screen. Its Qualities, in particular the walk-
through capability, set Fog Screen apart from other displays
and thus created a seemingly successful market for its
products.
 The Fog Screen is an innovative display technology that
allows for projections on a thin layer of dry fog. Imagine
the traditional pull down screen that is found in many
classrooms today. Instead of a screen being pulled down
from the ceiling, fog is pushed down and held in place by
several small fans, allowing for a consistent surface for
display.
Brief history
It was invented by two Finnish virtualreality researchers
Fog Screen, which was initially knownas WAVE
(Walkthrough Virtual Environment), was announcedin

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December 2001.
The first publicdemonstration of Fog Screen was in Finland
in October 2002.Till then it is in use in different areas and
improvements are being done to increase its effectiveness.
Inspired by science fiction movies such as Star Wars, two
Finnish virtual reality researchers created the Fog Screen
to recreate some of the effects from these movies in real
life.
Fog screen is one such immaterial screen and uses the
method of fog on which to project imagery (DiVerdi et al.
2006).
Fog Screen is a patented technology, which Rakkolainen,
one of the senior researchers and founders behindthis
technology, describes as “…an immaterialprojection
screen that consists of air and a little humidity, and
enables high-qualityprojected images in thin-air, as well as
many new applications.”
Palovuori (2006) writes that the FogScreen creates a large
non-turbulentairflow to protect a dry fog flow inside it
from turbulence.
The Fog Screen debutedat the 2002 Turku Science Fair.
The Fog Screen Companywas founded in 2003 and volume

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productionbegan in 2004.
An interactivityadd-on, which lets you write “in the air”
and even control a computer, debuted in 2005.
The Fog Screen One launchedin 2006.
WHAT IS FOG SCREEN ?
It is one type of advancedprojecting device which
consumes water and electricity to form fogs on which
images are projected
Here the tea-potis projected onfog generated by a fog generatingdevice.

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Fog Screen is a patented technology, which Rakkolainen,
one of the senior researchers and founders behind this
technology, describes as,“…an immaterial projection
screen that consists of air and a little humidity, and enables
high-quality projected images in thin-air, as well as many
new applications.”.
Fog Screen is an exciting new projection technology
that allows you to project images and video onto a screen
of “dry” fog, creating the illusionthat the images are
floating in midair. Fog Screen is a just that, a 2D projection
screen, but not a common opaquescreen like hundredsof
others in the market, rather an immaterial screen. The
word immaterial in relation to displaysystems refers to
those that create that sense of imagery floating in mid-air,
usuallycreated using water, smoke or fog. Fog screen is
one such immaterial screen and uses the method of fog on
which to project imagery. The Fog Screen is an innovative
displaytechnology that allowsfor projectionson a thin
layer of dry fog. Imagine the traditionalpulldown screen
that is found in many classrooms today. Instead of a screen
being pulled down from the ceiling, fog is pushed down
and held in place by several small fans, allowingfor a
consistent surface for display. A user may simply stand
back and view the material but can also reach or walk
through the fog. A user may also interact with objects
displayedin the fog with the use of an input device like a
data glove, a tracked wand, or simply using hands(see

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TechnicalAnalysis). Currently, there are only nine Fog
Screens availablein the world. Fog Screen is an exciting
new projection technology that allows you to project
images and video onto a screen of “dry” fog, creating the
illusionthat the images are floating in midair. You can
literallyuse the airas your user interface by touching only
the air with your bare hands. The screen is created by
using a suspended fog generating device with no frame
around, and works with video projectors.
The fog they use is dry, so it doesn’t make you wet even if
you stay under the Fog Screen device for a long time. The
fog is made of ordinary water with no chemicals
whatsoever. The Fog Screen is a displaytechnology that
instead of using a traditionalscreen uses a thin layer of dry
fog as the display surface. The system starts with water
that is held in a large plastic container or comes from a
regular water pipe. Thiswater is drawn through a plastic
tube via a small engine. Users have the abilityto control
the density and flow of the fog and the strength of the
sandwichingairstreams.
With two projectors, we can project different images on
both sides of the screen. The Fog Screen is a new invention
which makes objects seems to appearand move in thin
air! It is a screen you can walk through! The Fog Screen is
created by using a suspended fog

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generating device;there is no frame aroundthe screen.
The installationis easy: just replace the conventional
screen with Fog Screen. We don’t need to change anything
else – it works with standard video projectors. The fog we
are using is dry, so it doesn’t make you wet even if you
stay under the Fog Screen device for a long time. The fog is
made of ordinary water with no chemicalswhatsoever.
With two projectors, you can project different images on
both sides of the screen crisp, and protected from
turbulence. . All the important principlesof Fog Screen
technology have patent
pending. The basic componentsof the screen are a
laminar, on-turbulentairflow, and a thin fog screen
created this way, the fog screen is an internal part of the
laminarairflow, and remains thin and turbulence.
Under the Surface
As alreadymentioned, the screen is made up of a layer of
fog. It is therefore quite unique that such a substance
could allow for clearand undisturbedimage projection.
The secret lies in how this layer of fog in maintained.
Palovuori (2006) writes that the Fog Screen creates a large

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non-turbulentairflow to protect a dry fog flow inside it
from turbulence (see Figure 1). The outer airflow may get
slightly turbulent, but the inner fog layer remainsthin and
crisp. In a sense, the outer air-flows are like air curtains
that sandwich the fog flow and maintainits integrity.
principle of the Fog Screen
DiVerdi (2006) further explainsthat ordinary tap water
(droplets of 2-3 microns) becomes trapped inside this
inner layer, and that “even though the fog is made of
water, it appears dry to the touch, just like air.” Therefore,
the technology is rather simple in nature, making use of

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water and one device located above the screen to
maintainthe above mentioned airflow. The Fog Screen
works very much like an ordinary screen in terms of
projection properties. Fog Screen is best when used for
real projection situations.Distance between projector and
screen should be a minimum of 2 meters.
Formation of fog screen
• It is formed by using ordinary tap water and
digitaltechnology like ultrasonicdevice to create a
thin layer of dry fog which is sandwiched between
two air-curtains.
• The fog is created by suspended fog generating
device.
• The fog is made up of ordinary tap water with no
chemicals
Fog Screen creates a “dry” fog by ensuring that the water
droplets are in the range of 2-3 microns in size and are
electro statically charged so that they move around and
away from other objects. The fog is made within the device
using water and ultrasonic waves. If
you hold your hands in the fog flow, the fog feels dry and
cool, and
your hands do not get wet.

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After the screen is formed, images can be projected onto it.
The screen can be translucent or fully opaque. The fog we
are using is dry, so it doesn’t make you wet even if you stay
under the Fog Screen device for a long time. The fog is
made of ordinary water with no chemicals whatsoever.
With two projectors, you can project different images on
both sides of the screen. The founders of the Fog Screen
were intrigued with the prospect of creating an image that
could float in the air and that people could walk through
(that is the Princess Leia effect). They set out to make a
projected image float in the air by using different media
such as dust, water, fog. And then a mist of tiny water
droplets. They then had to iterate their design repeatedly to
ensure that people would not get wet and that the Fog
Screen could operate within a broad range of environmental
conditions. The ultrasonic transducer is used to divide the
water into small and tiny water droplets as the fog which
we are using here is completely dry and it is light. If we
will take lager water droplets then it will create wet fog
which can’t be used in the formation of screen. The fog we
are using is dry, so it doesn’t make you wet even if you stay
under the Fog Screen device for a long time. With two
projectors, you can project different images on both sides of
the screen.
Diagram of Fog Screen generation

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Here in two side air flow is given to make a constant flow
of fog for the displayof image. Because if the outside air
will enter then it may create disturbance in displayingthe
image. As the fog here we are using are dry and very light.
The fog is made within the device using water and
ultrasonic waves. If you hold your hands in the fog flow,
the fog feels dry and cool, and
your hands do not get wet. After the screen is formed,
images can be projected onto it. The screen can be
translucent or fully opaque.
How fog machine works
 Fog Screen technology is a high-tech version of the
technology in a cool air humidifier.
 Tap water is pumped into the fog tank where it is
blasted with ultrasound,turning it instantlyinto a thick fog
made of tiny water particles 2-3 microns in diameter.
The tank’s internaldesign plus3 sets of fans work together
to create a very thin wall of mist about half of an inch

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thick. One set of fans blows the fog downwardswhile the
other two sandwiches the fog between air curtains so that
it becomes a smooth projection screen. Fog Screen works
much like many screens in terms of its projection
properties and requires a 2kw power supply. A major
difference is the need for a water supply, with onscreen
using fifty litres of tap water per hour. The Device situated
above the fog screen enables the purificationof the water
via a silver-ion channel and mineralswithin the tank are
cleaned out through regular maintenance(Jordan Woods,
2007). The opacity will depend on a number of factors,
mainly fog density, the projector, image brightness, and
the background. It appears to be a very versatile
technology and can be combinedwith many methods in
order to achievethe imagery required, such as pseudo 3D
displayand mechanisms to allowfurther interactivity via
tracking. The founders of the Fog Screen were intrigued
with the prospect of creating an image that could float in
the air and that peoplecould walk through. They set out to
make a projected image float in the air by using different
media such as dust, water, fog, and then a mist of tiny
water droplets. They then had to iterate their design
repeatedly to ensure that people would not get wet and
that the Fog Screen could operate within a broad range of
environmentalconditions.

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How does fog screen move things forward
It is important to recognize the uniquenessof Fog Screen
technology. It is not the world’s first immaterialscreen,
but the first immaterial walk-through screen. This simple
fact is what distinguishesFog Screen from all other
displays(Rakkolainen,2007). Rakkolainen continuesto
explain the uniquenessof the technology by mentioning
how other displayscan create the floating imagery effect
but none are penetrable. There are water screens creating
huge displaysfor large audiencesbut they provide poor
image quality.Such large water based displaysare also wet
and so impracticalfor indoors, and walk-through
interaction.There have also been earlier technologies
closely similar to Fog Screen making use of forgather than
water. However, they are typically wet and turbulence
affecting such screens seriously reduces the fidelity of
imagery. To reiterate what has been mentioned above,
FogScreen creates a non-turbulentairflow of dry fog, cool
to the touch. Erdem (2006) mentionsin an article on
performing arts how this qualitymeans that performers or
anyone interacting with the screen for that matter will not
be restricted by the fog layer. One can walk freely through

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the layer and the imagery will not be dispersed or
distorted. Fog Screen technologynot only is uniqueas a
stand-alonedisplay. Its qualities,mainlythe immaterial
nature and walk-through capabilities,allow for very
advancedinterface design.Olwal and other researches
(2006) have written that Fog Screens
“…dual-sidednature allowsfor new possibilitiesin multi-
user face-to-face collaborationandpseudo-3D
visualization.”
Images can be projected on both sides of the screen
creating a 3D visual effect as shown infigure 2 below.
(Figure 2, support for dual-sided projection allows two
independent images to be projected on each side, such that a
3D application can render two interactive views for a pseudo-
3D effect (Olwal et al, 2006)

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Olwal has created several pseudo-3D interactive
applications,an example being Elastic Surface
Denominator. This interactive applicationallowsa user to
stretch and sculpt, as well as to move and rotate a 3D
model of a head as shown in Figure 2.Not only has Fog
Screen been used with such psuedo-3D displays,it is the
centre part of many ongoing efforts towards real
volumetric 3D displays. Dr Benzie (2007) in a large survey
of 3D displayswrites how volumetric displaysare in a more
advancedstage of development with many already having
a profitablemarket as with Fog Screen. It appears
therefore, that Fog Screen is a vital display for many
researches in the world of 3DTV.
APPLICATIONS
 Fog Screen has been used in live malls, product

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launches, museums, to attract more and more
peoples.
 It is used in case of projection a 3D image esp. in
studies.
 It can be used in seminars to make it more
interactive (we can walk through the screen).
It can be used in place of air curtain in clubsto make
itattractive.Museums, events, trade shows, night clubs,
casinos, TV shows, and amusement parks are a number of
areas where Fog Screen hasbeen put into effective use.
One industry where it excels is in advertising. Lugmayr
(2007) describes how Fog Screen can be used in
conjunctionwith laser scanner drivers, interactivity and
rendering modules, and a flash application.Thiscreates an
effective advertisement that entices a user to
walkthrough. A user could for example, select a brick wall,
or a waterfall via touch, walk through and by doing so see
screen afterwards. Viewers tend to remain captivated by
such an interactive displayas opposed to others. Fog
Screens use in trade shows has been well received. Nokia,
one of many using the Fog Screen products, installeda
number of screens to trade show entrances that showed
an animationof a character walking and using the Nokia
products. Nightclubsare another area, where the screen
literallybecomes the entrance into the club provoking the

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publicto walkthrough.The Box nightclubin Belfast has
installeda number of them, providing amazing visuals
inside.FogScreen can almost be used in any situation.The
Fog Screen team also set up each screen to the
requirements in order that the effect is as expected
wherever it may be used. Its abilityto be used throughout
so many industries is evidence of Fog Screens significance
to
 Multimediaand one that looks like it shall continue
(Rakkolainen,2007). Entertain your guests with Fog
Screen
Whether you are planninga rock concert, a prize
ceremony, an anniversary, any commercial or private
event, we use the magical Fog Screen. Guests can enter
through the screen to an event!
 Create a luxurious interior with Fog Screen
 Immersive projection technology could use CAVE-like
virtual rooms with fog walls, making them effectively
“virtual virtual rooms”.
Fog Screen relevant to multimedia?
Displays are hugely important to multimedia. All imagery needs

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some way to be displayed, even in its creation. For this reason,
there are many technologies out there and as a result many
products, with a recent one being the plasma screen. Most
however, are purely for display, allowing little interaction. Fog
Screen breaks this mould being the first immaterial walk-through
screen (Rakkolainen, 2007). The interactive capabilities of Fog
Screen products have enabled its success in the world of
multimedia and its application can be seen all over the world and
in many different industries
A walk through screen……

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Advantages
 The Fog Screen developers say the unique nature of
Fog Screen will make it a memorable experience for
customers Fog Screen is environmentally friendly, as it
uses only water as requirement and produces chemical free
fog.
 Increase product skill and qualityof products.
Safety for kids, fun and play time for the kids. It is
Immaterial - you could walk through it.

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 Increase productionskills-technology transfer. -
Reduce competition -increase qualityof product -
Enter to new market. (in different market.)
 Increase for workers with an increase in marginal cost
Fog Screen is working on new hardware products -
Fog Screen with specialized capabilities (that is live
performances, retail environments, etc.). There are
also significant enhancements being made to the
interactivity and 3-dimensional imaging capabilities of
the screen.
Limitations
 Fog Screen works best indoorswith a dark background
that enhances the brightness of the image on the Fog
Screen behind the projector. So, it can’t be used in day
light.
 It is presently very much expensive, but the
FogScreen.inc is working on providing it in a reasonable
price.
 Price is one weakness, with the cost Fog Screen will have
to cater for a specialized market, unlikely ever to be used in
the normal household or to replace plasma/LCD displays
(Watson, 2007).

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 Need 1kW of energy to produce 1m long fog screen. And
it is produce 3-5 litres of water in one hour which should be
vent. And you can't make a high fog screen, because fog
would diffuse with distance.
OPPERTUNITIES
 There are endless opportunitiesto use the products, but
for now these have been mostly innovativemarketing
solutionsand different exhibitions.
 Stream of fog can appearand disappearwithin a
fraction of a second, making it a possibilityfor use in a live
theatre setting to aid with special effects
 Presently it is in demandsin countries like Japan,
Malaysia,Germany, France, Greece, Russia, the UK and the
USA; in recent future it will replace the existing method
of projection.
 Developments are being carried out in making
FogScreen a Touch-FogScreen to make it more interactive
for the viewer.

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Success of Fog Screen
 Fog Screen has been successfully used in this
international events:
1. Entertainment(live shows, live concerts, night
clubs, stage productions, private parties ie. Disney
EnchantedTour, Eurovision,Harrah’s, Cirque de
Soleil, MGM Grand, 20th Century Fox)
2. Brand promotions(P&G, Diesel, Victoria’sSecret.
Bud light/Maxim Tour, Xbox)
3. Trade shows and exhibitionevents (Nokia,
Motorola,Sony, Siemens)
4. Theme parks (Key US theme parks)
5. Museums and Science Centres (Palais de la

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Découverte, TaiwanNationalMuseum)
REFERENCE
http://www.fogscreen.com
http://www.google.com
http://wikipedia.com
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Hope this will help u……!!
Sovan Misra
SEND YOUR FEEDBACK ON:
Email: Sovan107@gmail.com

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