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Sensation Part 4
- 2. Absolute Threshold Difference Threshold The weakest amount of a stimulus you can detect. ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! The smallest amount of change in a stimulus you can detect. ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Review: I can see a candle flame 30 miles away! (But not 31 miles away!) I can see a difference between these two color hues: !! ! But not between these two: !
- 3. Signal Detection Theory Sensory Adaptation When multiple stimuli are present, this is our ability to recognize some signals, while ignoring others. ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Our ability to become less sensitive to an unchanging stimulus over time. ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Review: It’s a HIT! I detected the ring of my cell phone, even though there are other auditory stimuli in the room! That construction next door is so LOUD and distracting! Fifteen Minutes Later… Oh! I forgot there was construction going on outside. I started to ignore it.
- 4. Top-Down Processing Bottom-Up Processing Forming an understanding using context and prior knowledge. ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Forming an understanding using stimuli directly from the environment. ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Review: I’ve never driven a car or seen an airplane cockpit before: I don’t have any prior knowledge or conceptual understanding of the cockpit. To form an understanding of it, I need to observe each part individually and push buttons. My dad used to fly me in his airplane, so when I saw a plane cockpit for the first time, I used prior knowledge to comprehend the layout. I applied my understanding of a car’s steering wheel to understand the plane steering wheel.
- 5. Pre-attentive Process Attentive Process The unconscious process of gathering information and forming understanding. ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! The active and conscious effort of gathering information and forming understanding. ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Review: If you ask me which crayon is missing in a box of crayons, I can’t complete this task in less that one second. I need to actively process information in my head first. For example, I need to recall what colors should be in the box. Next, I need to evaluate which colors are already present. I can spot the red crayon in a box of crayons pre-attentively. I can do this task in less than one second. I don’t need to look at each crayon one at a time in order to do this task! This is Slow!
- 6. Schizophrenia A brain disease that may include delusions, loss of personality, confusion, agitation, social withdrawal, psychosis, and bizarre behavior. Individuals with schizophrenia may hear voices that are not there. In extreme cases, they can have hallucinations. Some may be convinced that others are reading their minds, controlling how they think, or plotting against them. Schizophrenics feel paranoid. They feel like people are trying to control them.They feel frantic, and because of this, they might become suicidal.
- 7. Schizophrenia Scientists believe that when the human brain is forming in a mother’s womb, the brain does not always develop properly: the organization of brain cells and the connections between different parts of the brain might have errors or structural damage. In rare cases, even a tiny imperfection in the brain can cause someone to perceive false information (like non-present voices). Usually, schizophrenia develops in young adults age 15-30. For 35% of people, symptoms become progressively worse over time. Others might have only one schizophrenic episode in their lifetime.
- 8. Schizophrenia There is no cure for schizophrenia, but there are treatments that can reduce the symptoms. Treatments: 1. Join a support group and communicate with trusted family and friends. 2. Take antipsychotic medication to reduce hallucinations, delusions, paranoia, and disordered thinking. 3. Avoid alcohol and drugs. Some evidence indicates a link between drug use (especially marijuana) and schizophrenia.These may also interfere with your medications.
- 9. Pair-Share How does schizophrenia relate to the perception of reality?