Research in Language Education: What is and Why do research ... I share a little bit of information on an introduction to language education research, such as the definition of it, characteristics of research, philosophy, and a few pieces of information about qualitative and quantitive approaches. I hope it useful for us.

1. WHAT IS AND WHY DO RESEARCH …
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RESEARCH IN LANGUAGE EDUCATION

2. WHAT IS RESEARCH …
• The Advanced Learner’s Dictionary of Current English
(1952) : it is a careful investigation or inquiry primarily
through a search for new facts in any branch of knowledge.
• Redman and Mory (1923): it is a systematized effort to gain
new knowledge.

3. • Nunan (1992): research is a process of formulating question;
collecting data relevant to these questions and analyzing these
data.
• Woody: it comprises defining and redefining problems,
formulating hypothesis or suggested solutions collecting,
organizing and evaluating data, making deductions and
reaching conclusions; to determine whether they fit the
formulating hypothesis.

4. THE CHARACTERISTICS OF RESEARCH
The characteristics of research process according to Tuckman
(1978) are:
• Systematic; research follows of system / rules.
• Logical; research must be logic.
• Controlled; research is free from distractions / biases
• Empirical; research is based on experiment, reality, real data or
evidences.
• Reductive; research must reduce the complexities of the word.
• Replicable and transmittable; research process and procedure
are transmittable, enabling others to replicate them and to
assess their validity.

5. • Nunan (1992): research is a process of formulating question;
collecting data relevant to these questions and analyzing these
data.
• Woody (1924): it comprises defining and redefining problems,
formulating hypothesis or suggested solutions collecting,
organizing and evaluating data, making deductions and
reaching conclusions; to determine whether they fit the
formulating hypothesis.

6. Two main research philosophies
1. POSITIVISTIC (Quantitative, Objectivist, Scientific, Experimentalist, or
Traditionalist).
2. PHENOMENOLOGICAL (Qualitative, Subjectivist, Humanistic or
Interpretative).
(those philosophies can be overlap between the two – and both areas may be identifiable in any
research project.
RESEARCH PHILOSOPHIES

7. • Review or synthesize existing knowledge
• Investigate existing situations or problems
• Provide solutions to problems
• Explore and analyze more general issues
• Constructor create new procedures or systems
• Explain new phenomenon
• Generate new knowledge
• … or a combination of any of the above!
(Collis & Hussey, 2003)
THE PURPOSE OF RESEARCH

8. Research can be approached in the following ways:
• Quantitative/Qualitative
• Applied/Basic
• Deductive/Inductive
RESEARCH APPROACHES

9. What is qualitative research?
Qualitative research is a type of scientific research that:
• seeks answers to a question;
• systematically uses a predefined set of procedures to answer
the question;
• collects evidence;
• produces findings that were not determined in advance;
• presents findings that are applicable beyond the immediate
boundaries of the study.

10. What is qualitative research?
• Quantitative - as the name suggests, is concerned with trying
to quantify things; it asks questions such as ‘how long,’ ‘how
many’or ‘the degree to which.’
• Quantitative methods look to quantify data and generalize
results from a sample of the population of interest.
• They may seem to measure the incidence of various views and
opinions in a chosen sample, for example, or aggregate results.

12. References and Recommended Readings
• The Advanced Learner’s Dictionary of Current English,
Oxford, 1952.
• Woody, C. (1924). A survey of educational research in 1923.
The Journal of Educational Research, 9(5), 357-381.
• Collis, J. & Hussey, R. (2003). Business Research: a practical
guide for undergraduate and postgraduate students, second
edition. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
• Neville, C. (2007). Effective Learning Service: Introduction to
Research And Research Methods. UK: Bradford University
School of Management.
• Nunan, D. 1992. Research Methods in Language Learning.
Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
• Tuckman, B.W. (1978). Conducting Educational Research 2nd
Edition. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich.
• Redman, L.V., and Mory, A.V.H. The Romance of Research,
1923.