2. PRINCIPLE:
• A. Project method or a project has been defined in various a. e ways such as 'it is that form
of coordinated activity that's directed towards the learning of significant skill or process. It
also involves the acquisition of much useful information and inevitably inviolately affects
attitudes and interests. (Wesley)
• b. It is a problematic act carried to completion in its natural setting. (Kilpatrick)
• c. A project is a test of real life that has been imported in school. (Ballard)
3. CONTINUE….
• c. A project is a test of real life that has been imported in school. (Ballard)
• d. It is voluntary undertaking, which involves constructive CT orts or thought and
eventuates into subjective result. (Yoro’s long).
• It is a new teaching strategy and it has been evolved result of social tendency of education.
The cates are situation this opinion the education should be related to life situation hi it is
experience-centered teaching strategy. In exponent project method is W.H.: Kilpatrick. The
main focus of the strategy of socialize a child.
4. PRINCIPLES:
It involves the following principles:
Principle of utility:
The problem of study is related with life situation of the learners. Principle of readiness: The learners
are willing to perform it.
Principle of learning by doing:
Learner has to perform certain tasks in project strategy.
Learner gets freedom to work:
The learning situations are realistic.
Principle of socialization:
It develops the feeling of co-operation and group word.
5. TYPES OF PROJECT
Kilpatrick has classified the project strategies under four types:
1) In this type led Earner has to complete Artistic this type of project develops the aesthetic.
2) Taste of the learner.
3) Problem-centered-A problem is presented before the
4) Group Practice-A task is assigned in which group work learner and he has to seek the
solution of the problem. Is required to complete it.
6. STEPS IN A PROJECT
Provision situation
A situation is identified or arranged in which some problems are available with interesting ingredient
for the pupils.
2) Selection of Objectives
A teacher guides and facilitates his pupils in this phase too, to select and find out aims and objectives
of the project being selected, keeping in mind real needs of pupils.
• 3) Planning
• This is a very important step, so one must be careful in drawing a blueprint for a project. Planning
should include a few alternatives. A discussion to exchange group ideas and views is very crucial.
Suggestions must be critically examined and utilized.
7. CONTINUE….
4) Execution:
Among E group members are assigned duties in a way that t activities of their choice and
capability. No doubt, it needs patience of contributors to make it a. success. In project many
activities can be developed. They all success. In one They all knowledge growth.
5) Evaluation:
Work done on project must be evaluated by theme. (Student group) and supervisor (teacher)
as well, to locate by themes, to locate the step follies. Self-criticism is worth training giving. In
this s and objectives (pre-set) of that project are the standard performance is measured
against this standard.
8. MERITS OF PROJECT METHOD:
1) Based on Psychological Principle:
This method is based on sound psychological principles of law of readiness, law of exercise,
law of effect etc. There- I reasonable freedom provided to students for working in a Social
environment.
2) Child centered:
The approach is child-centered rather than being yet subject centered. The students work
on their self-chosen port ae the goal and purpose of working is clear to them and naturally
motivated and inclined to put their heart and soul.
9. 3) The need of all students the method provides enough opportunity for meeting the interests and
abilities of the students.
4) Promotes ethical thinking The varying into This ethos promotes habit dent to adopt the scientific
method of working of critical thinking and urges
5) Links body and mind the project method provides good opportunity for the of body and mind. It
proves coordination and integration helpful in the balanced development of physical and mental abilities
of the students.
6) Links with real life situation it is quite practical and applied method of learning. The n project chosen
correlates with the real life
10. Working at own pace execute their project within the given time-frame.
8) Democratic method
Mutt t is a democratic method of teaching since the Dray jet chosen after due deliberation of the group with
agreement and understanding. There is freedom to action according to plan chosen with freedom of thought
and arms.
9) Self-gained and durable knowledge
Our knowledge gained in this method is directly thorn. Retained the efforts of the child. Such knowledge is clear
and is rete: permanently by the students.
10) Correlates subject knowledge
With life viding the project method proves an ideal method for proved get teaching through the principle of
correlation. The student’s opportunity to correlate the curricular experiences with the day-to-day life activities.
11. Need teacher expertise
The teacher will have to be exceptionally gifted, knowledgeable as well as alert and helpful. It
expects too much from the teacher as right from providing situations and opportunity for the
selection of the project to its planning, execution and recording, teacher has to remain alert for
providing help and guidance to the students individually and in groups for the success of the
projects.
Material not available:
Textbooks and instructional materials write on these lines are not easily available.
Other problems
This method suffers from some serious limitations on account of the following practical difficulties
12. DEMERTS AND LIMITATIONS OF P'ROJECT
METHOD:
Time consuming notched is uneconomical in terms of time. It the project takes a fitting
project work into the normal, time table requires a lot of juggling.
All Syllabus cannot be covered further
It is also certain that each and every topic or contents oaf have a number of projects
simultaneously in a particularly session is neither possible nor feasible.
Costly:
Object cannot be covered through one or the other projects ND to The execution of a
project requires a lot of financial liabilities. The return in terms of the yields from a project
is generally much less than the expenditure incurred,
13. *Shortage of funds in schools. Very
high teacher-pupil ratio.
*Shortage of properly trained teachers.
Existing system of examination does
not conform to the requirements of
project method of teaching.
*Study is very vast to have any scope
for using this method.
