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Valdovinos presentation sp13_no_video
- 1. FALL DETECTION WITH THE BT-BOX Ben Valdovinos Sonoma State University Engineering Science
- 2. Introduction • Physical activity • Methods to measure physical activity • Accelerometers • My work with Accelerometers and PIC • Progress • Limitations • Future work
- 3. Why Measure Physical Activity (PA)? • PA links human movements to health status • Studied in the areas of cardiovascular diseases • Falling is one of the most significant causes of injury for elderly citizens
- 4. Mainly Falling is one of the reasons why many otherwise healthy individuals are forced to leave the comfort and privacy of their own home to live in an assisted-care environment.
- 5. • Physical activity • Methods to measure physical activity • Accelerometers • My work with Accelerometers and PIC • Progress • Limitations • Future work
- 6. Current Methods for Measuring PA • Pedometers • Actometers • Gyroscopes • Video recording
- 7. • Physical activity • Methods to measure physical activity • Accelerometers • My work with Accelerometers and PIC • Progress • Limitations • Future work
- 8. The Best Method: Accelerometers • Measuring PA using accelerometry is preferred • Acceleration is directly proportional to external force • This reflects the intensity and frequency of human movement • Some accelerometers even provide tilt sensing data • This allows the classification of posture
- 9. Brief History of Accelerometers • Earliest development is credited to Burton McCollum and Orville S. Peters [7] • Weight: 1lb • Size: ¾” x 1-7/8” 8-1/2” • $420 in 1923 • Implemented in bridges, dynamometers, and aircrafts
- 10. Common Types of Accelerometers • Capacitive Change in capacitance related to acceleration • Piezoelectric Piezoelectric crystal– voltage output converted to acceleration • Piezoresistive Resistance changes with acceleration • Hall Effect Motion converted to electrical signal by sensing of changing magnetic fields • Magnetoresistive Material resistivity changes in presence of magnetic field • Heat Transfer Location of heated mass tracked during acceleration by sensing temperature
- 11. Acceleration in Human Terms • What are some “g” reference points? Description “g” level Earth’s gravity 1g Passenger car in corner 2g Bumps in road 2g Indy car driver in corner 3g Bobsled ride in corner 5g Human unconsciousness 7g
- 12. • Physical activity • Methods to measure physical activity • Accelerometers • My work with Accelerometers and PIC • Progress • Limitations • Future work
- 13. Create Something
- 14. Process Goals Evaluation Idea Constraints Lit Review
- 15. Goals Goals Evaluation Idea • Harness accelerometer technology • Detect a human fall Constraints Lit Review • Making device practical • Incorporation into everyday rehabilitation practice • Provide user with the feeling of safety • Complete my Capstone Project course
- 16. Goals Evaluation Idea Constraints Lit Review
- 17. Goals The Answer Evaluation Idea • Perfect resolution to this problem: Constraints Lit Review • incorporate fall detection in to smart phones • They are small, robust, decent battery life • People already carry them Embedded Inside
- 18. Goals Adjustment Evaluation Idea • Make it an acceptable Senior Project Constraints Lit Review Embedded Inside
- 19. What is it? • The BT-Box is a general purpose Bluetooth based data acquisition system • BT-Box’s technology is general purpose and its applications are very diverse • Applications in the medical field • Fall Detection • Applications in the environmental field • Temperature and humidity sensing
- 20. What does it do? • Connects computers or smart phone to sensors • Bluetooth communication • Data storage on micro SD card • Accepts different sensors • Reprogrammable • System runs on a re-chargeable battery • Implement Fall-Detection Algorithm SENSORS
- 21. BT-Box Bluetooth Micro USB SD Card MCU Various Sensor Input
- 22. System Level Block Diagram
- 23. Fall Detection Application Fall Detected!! Information Intervention
- 24. Current Project State • Accuracy of clock waveforms • Accessing all IO Pins • Developing I2C
- 25. Fall Detection • Start of the Fall • Vector sum of 3-axes will tend towards zero • Substantially less than 1-g • FREE-FALL interrupt • Impact • Shock detected by ACTIVITY interrupt • Aftermath • Human body doesn’t rise immediately after fall • INACTIVITY interrupt • Compare before and after
- 26. Fall Detection
- 27. Accelerometer
- 28. Accelerometer fall detection • 8 interrupts DATA_READY, SINGLE_TAP, DOUBLE_TAP, ACTIVITY, INACTIVITY, FREE_FALL, WATERMARK, and OVERRUN • Algorithm • Determine the start of the fall • Detect impact, which has largest impact • Aftermath: body doesn’t rise immediately • Comparing orientation before and after.
- 29. Other Applications Small Weather Station Use Your Imagination • Connect other sensors: • Hardware is provided: • Temperature • SD Card for data storage • Humidity • IO Ports for control • Etc. • Bluetooth capability • Save data on SD Card
- 30. Cost Hardware Software Item Price Item Price 32-bit PIC $5.00 MPLABX Free Bluetooth Module $15.00 Eagle Free Accelerometer $13.00 Python Free SD Card $4.00 Various Parts $25.00 Total $62.00
- 31. Timeline Time To Market 6 5 Months 4 3 2 1 0 Team of 3 Team of 2 Solo
- 32. Software on PC • Python programming language • Allows communication to the BT-Box • Freely usable and distributable, even for commercial use • Eagle • Free • PCB Design
- 33. Related EE Courses • Microcontrollers – ES 310 • Electronics – ES 330/230 • Wireless Communications – ES 485-03 • Analog and Digital Communications – ES 442 • Electromagnetic Theory – ES 430 • Any course that requires deep problem solving
- 34. References • [1] J. A. Stevens, P. S. Corso, E. A. Finkelstein, and T. R. Miller, "The costs of fatal and non-fatal falls among older adults," Inj Prev, vol. 12, pp. 290- 5, 2006. • [2] Microchip website: http://www.microchip.com • [3] Dr. Farahmand’s website: http://www.sonoma.edu/users/f/farahman/ • [4] SD Group Technical Committee, SD Card Specifications: Physical Layer, Version 3.01 • [5] Detecting Human Falls with a 3-Axis Digital Accelerometer, Ning Jia, Analog Dialogue 43-07, July (2009) 7 • [6] http://www.sonoma.edu/users/f/farahman/sonoma/courses/capstoneproject_1/syllabusweb.htm • [7] Walter, Patrick L. The History of the Accelerometer: 1920 – 1996. Ft. Worth, Texas. 2006
Notes de l'éditeur
- This is my Senior Design Project Proposal for my Bachelors of Science Degree in Electrical Engineering
- Key: One sub-group of Physical Activity is Fall Detection.Cardiovascular Diseases: Diabetes, mellitus, and obesity
- We are moving away from Physical Activity, and FOCUSING on Fall Detection.Ultimately, people want to feel safe on their own. No one wants assisted living, they want to live on their own.Add a personal comment: My grandfather is in this situation.
- Pedometers: SuckGeniometers: Measure AngleA
- Data can be used to derive velocity and displacement
- Basically: you can get a change in Voltage, Resistance, Magnetic Field, Heat, Capacitance.
- Interesting that these are typical reference points in many papers and articles, when most humans never do any of these things.
- They will know that if they wear this, they do NOT need someone 24/7 or need to be in a nursing home.
- They will know that if they wear this, they do NOT need someone 24/7 or need to be in a nursing home.
- Let’s face it, I’m not going to develop this in a cell phone.Must Adjust this idea for an acceptable Senior Project.Now move in to my work
- Various Sensors: You can connect any sensor you want right here.I will be focusing my project on Fall Detection Sensors. When those are in place, it can be used in this mannerI am developing this to become more than JUST a Fall Detector. It MAY be reprogrammed for any purpose.
- Remember that this device is general purpose. The micro SD card will be implemented for use with other applications. Connect a temperature and humidity sensor and store environmental data for extended periods of time.These sensors can be anything.Bluetooth is a great way to connect to smart phones, which is why I chose it for my method of communication.Remember, Phase 1 will be PC. I’m getting everything ready now and later after this semester (perhaps in the summer) the Smart Phone interface will be developed
- Phase 1: Implemented for my Senior Design Project. Phase 1 is PC based therefore not mobile, yet.Phase 2: There is only so much work I can do within the allotted time. This phase will have the smart phone replacing the PC
- If there is an I2C Master in the audience, please help me.
- Single_tap = acceleration in one-axis is above set threshold, for shorter time period than in DUR registerDouble_tap = acceleration in two-axes is above set threshold, for shorter time period than in DUR period
- PCB: provides mechanical support and electrically connects electronic components