1. MS SQL Server 2005
Lab # 3 :
 Practicing Queries
Adavnced Database Programming 1

2. 1. Practicing Company Database Example
 Create Employee Table:
 FNAME: First Name
 LNAME: Last Name
 SSN: Social Security Number (Primary Key)
 BDATE: Birth Date
 ADDRESS: Employee’s Address
 Gender: F (Female) OR M (Male)
 SALARY
 SUPERSSN: Employee’s Supervisor SSN
 DNO: No. of the Department the Emp. Works in (Foreign
Key)
Adavnced Database Programming 2

3. 1. Practicing Company Database Example
 Create Department Table:
 DNAME: Department Name
 DNUMBER: Department Number (Primary Key)
 DLOCATION: Department Location
 MGRSSN: Manager Social Security Number
(Foreign Key)
 MGRSTARTDATE: Manager Work Start Date
Adavnced Database Programming 3

4. 1. Practicing Company Database Example
 Create Project Table:
 PNAME: Project Name
 PNUMBER: Project Number (Primary Key)
 PLOCATION: Project Location
 DNUM: Department Number which Project
belongs to (Foreign Key)
Adavnced Database Programming 4

5. 1. Practicing Company Database Example
 Create Works_ON Table:
 ESSN: Employee Social Security Number
(Primary Key) + (Foreign Key)
 PNO: Project Number (Primary Key) + (Foreign
Key)
 HOURS: Project Working Hours
Adavnced Database Programming 5

6. 2. Simple Queries
 Basic SELECT Form:
USE database_name
SELECT [ ALL | DISTINCT ] Column_List
From table1[table2,….]
WHERE conditions
Adavnced Database Programming 6

7. 2. Simple Queries
 Basic SELECT Form:
Column_List Specifications:
 *  denotes for all columns of all tables
specified in the FROM Clause
 Specified Column name
 Column_Name as Column_Heading  To
Replace OR to assign a new column name to an
expression
 An Expression, System or Aggregate Function
Adavnced Database Programming 7

8. 2. Simple Queries
Example :
Q: View all Departments info details
A:
Use Company
Select *
From department
OR
Use Company
Select DNAME,DNUMBER,DLOCATION,
MGRSSN,MGRSTARTDATE
From department
Adavnced Database Programming 8

9. 2. Simple Queries
 Example :
Q: View all Employees Salary values
A:
Use Company
Select ALL Salary
From employee
Q: View Distinct Employees Salary values
A:
Use Company
Select DISTINCT Salary
From employee
Adavnced Database Programming 9

10. 2. Simple Queries
 WHERE Clause Form:
USE database_name
SELECT Column_List
[ INTO New_table ]
From table1[table2,….]
[ WHERE conditions ]
[ GROUP BY group_by_expression ]
[ HAVING search_conditions ]
[ ORDER BY order_expression[ASC|DESC] ]
Adavnced Database Programming 10

11. 2. Simple Queries
 Clauses must be written in order
 Comparison of strings are executed according to the
collation (Sort) order of the database
 ASCCI code Strings Comparisons will be done
character-to-character according to the difference
between their values (Even if their lengths are
different)
 Priorities: NOT  AND  OR
 To avoid priorities conflicts, you may use parentheses
()
Adavnced Database Programming 11

12. Notes to be Mentioned !
 DISTINCT Clause Must precede all Columns
list
 Dates are stored in the table according to the
system date format
 Dates are viewed in the Query Result
according to the equivalent date in Gregorian
Calendar
 To view them in Hijri Format Use:
Select Convert(nchar(10),DateColumn,131)
Adavnced Database Programming 12

13. 2. Simple Queries
 Example :
Q: View all Male employees SSN and
Department number who works in Departments
located in Riyadh
A:
Use Company
Select SSN, DNumber
From Employee, Department
where Gender=‘M’ AND Dno=DNumber
and DLocation=‘Riyadh’
Adavnced Database Programming 13

14. 2. Simple Queries
 Example :
Q: View all employees SSN who doesn’t work in
Departments number 43
A:
Use Company
Select SSN
From Employee
where NOT DNumber=43
Adavnced Database Programming 14

15. 2. Simple Queries
 Example :
Q: View all employees SSN who doesn’t work in
Departments number 43
A:
Use Company
Select SSN
From Employee
where DNumber<>43
Adavnced Database Programming 15

16. 2. Simple Queries
 Example :
Q: View all employees SSN who works in
project Number 125 Or project number 326
A:
Use Company
Select ESSN
From Works_On
where PNO=125 OR PNO=326
Adavnced Database Programming 16

17. 2. Simple Queries
 Example :
Q: View all employees total salary
A:
Use Company
Select SUM(Salary) Total_Salary
From Employee
 Same way to use all other aggregate functions
such as: MIN, MAX, AVG, COUNT
,COUNT_BIG
Adavnced Database Programming 17

18. 2. Simple Queries
 IN and BETWEEN Clauses :
USE database_name
SELECT Column_List
From table1[table2,….]
WHERE Column_Name IN(value1, value2,
value,…)
Adavnced Database Programming 18

19. 2. Simple Queries
 IN and BETWEEN Clauses :
USE database_name
SELECT Column_List
From table1[table2,….]
WHERE Column_Name BETWEEN
value1 AND value2
Adavnced Database Programming 19

20. 2. Simple Queries
 Example :
Q: View all employees First & Last Name who
their Salary is 20000 or 18500 or 16000
A:
Use Company
Select FNAME, LNAME
From Employee
where Salary IN (20000,18500,16000)
Adavnced Database Programming 20

21. 2. Simple Queries
 Example : (Equivalent Solution)
Q: View all employees First & Last Name who
their Salary is 20000 or 18500 or 16000
A:
Use Company
Select FNAME, LNAME
From Employee
where Salary=20000 OR Salary=18500
OR Salary=16000
Adavnced Database Programming 21

22. 2. Simple Queries
 Example :
Q: View all employees First & Last Name who
their Salary is Not 20000 or 18500 or 16000
A:
Use Company
Select FNAME, LNAME
From Employee
where Salary NOT IN (20000,18500,
16000)
Adavnced Database Programming 22

23. 2. Simple Queries
 Example :
Q: View all employees SSN whose Salary is in
range between 4526 and 4700
A:
Use Company
Select SSN
From Employee
where Salary BETWEEN 4526 AND 4700
Adavnced Database Programming 23

24. 2. Simple Queries
 Example : (Equivalent Solution)
Q: View all employees SSN whose Salary is in
range between 4526 and 4700
A:
Use Company
Select SSN
From Employee
where Salary >= 4526 AND Salary <=
4700
Adavnced Database Programming 24

25. 2. Simple Queries
 Example :
Q: View all employees SSN whose BDate is
NOT between 1/1/1960 and 4/3/1968
A:
Use Company
Select SSN
From Employee
where BDate NOT BETWEEN ‘1/1/1960’
AND ‘4/3/1968’
Adavnced Database Programming 25

26. Queries Involving NULL values
 Comparisons with NULL Values will always
return False
 To Retrieve rows with NULL values Use the
Column_Name IS [NOT] NULL
operator in the WHERE Clause
Adavnced Database Programming 26

27. Queries Involving NULL values
 Example :
Q: View all Managers First & Last Name
A:
Use Company
Select FNAME, LNAME
From Employee
where SUPERSSN IS NULL
Adavnced Database Programming 27

28. Queries Involving NULL values
 Example :
Q: View all Employees SSN who are supervised
by Mangers
A:
Use Company
Select SSN
From Employee
where SUPERSSN IS NOT NULL
[ Equivalent Sol. NOT (SUPERSSN IS NULL)]
Adavnced Database Programming 28

29. Queries Involving NULL values
 Using ISNULL System Function :
SELECT ISNULL(ColumnName,
Substitution Value) NewColumnName
FROM TableName
 Note:
Note
 Substitution Value Must be same as column
type
Adavnced Database Programming 29

30. Queries Involving NULL values
 Example :
Q: View all Employees First Name who are
supervised by Mangers(View their SuperSSN as
0)
A:
Use Company
Select FNAME, ISNULL(SuperSSN,0)
Supervidesd
From Employee
Adavnced Database Programming 30

31. Like Operator
 Compares column values with specified
pattern which can be any character or
DateTime data type
Column [NOT] LIKE ‘Pattern’
 Pattern may be string or date constant or
expression by using Wild Characters such as:
 %  any sequence of zero or more characters
 _  any single charcter
Adavnced Database Programming 31

32. Like Operator
 Example :
Q: View all Employees SSN who their First
Name starts with O
A:
Use Company
Select SSN
From Employee
where FName LIKE ‘O%’
Adavnced Database Programming 32

33. Like Operator
 Example :
Q: View all Employees SSN who their Last
Name second letter is a
A:
Use Company
Select SSN
From Employee
where LName LIKE ‘_a%’
Adavnced Database Programming 33

34. Like Operator: More Special Characters for
Searching Patterns [ ],^
 Example :
[RangeStart-RangeEnd]  Range of Characters
[1stChar2ndChar..]  List of Characters
^  Negation of Range or List of Characters
Adavnced Database Programming 34

35. Like Operator: More Special Characters for
Searching Patterns [ ],^
 Example :
Q: View all department number who their
location begin with a character in the range C
through F
A:
Use Company
Select DNumber
From Department
where DLocation LIKE ‘[C-F]%’
Adavnced Database Programming 35

36. Like Operator: More Special Characters for
Searching Patterns [ ],^
 Example :
Q: View all department number which their location do
NOT begin with the letters J,K,L,M,N,O and whose
Department Name doesn't begin with letters E Or Z
A:
Use Company
Select DNumber
From Department
where DLocation LIKE ‘[^J-O]%’ AND DName
LIKE ‘[^EZ]%’
Adavnced Database Programming 36

37. Like Operator
 Example :
Q: View all Employees SSN who their Last
Name doesn’t end with n
A:
Use Company
Select SSN
From Employee
where FName NOT LIKE ‘%n’
(NOT FName LIKE ‘%n’)
Adavnced Database Programming 37

38. Like Operator
 Example :
Q: How can i search for a String contains one of
the Wild characters ( [],_, ^, %)
A:
By Using Square Brackets ‘[WildChar]’ OR
By Using ESCAPE option Such as
Column_Name LIKE ‘ESCAPECHARWildChar’
ESCAPE ‘ESCAPECHAR’
Adavnced Database Programming 38

39. Like Operator: More Special Characters for
Searching Patterns [ ],^
 Example :
Q: View all department number who their
location includes an Underscore
A:
Use Company
Select DNumber
From Department
where DLocation LIKE ‘%[ _ ]%’
OR DLocation LIKE ‘%!_% ESCAPE ‘!’
Adavnced Database Programming 39