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2. The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs),
otherwise known as the Global Goals, are a universal
call to action to end poverty, protect the planet and
ensure that all people enjoy peace and prosperity.
These 17 Goals build on the successes of the
Millennium Development Goals, while including new
areas such as climate change, economic inequality,
innovation, sustainable consumption, peace and
justice, among other priorities. The goals are
interconnected – often the key to success on one
will involve tackling issues more commonly
associated with anotherThe SDGs work in the spirit of partnership and pragmatism to make the right choices now to
improve life, in a sustainable way, for future generations. They provide clear guidelines and
targets for all countries to adopt in accordance with their own priorities and the environmental
challenges of the world at large. The SDGs are an inclusive agenda. They tackle the root causes
of poverty and unite us together to make a positive change for both people and planet.
“Supporting the 2030 Agenda is a top priority for UNDP,” said UNDP Administrator Helen Clark.
“The SDGs provide us with a common plan and agenda to tackle some of the pressing
challenges facing our world such as poverty, climate change and conflict. UNDP has the
experience and expertise to drive progress and help support countries on the path to

3. Eradicating poverty in all its forms remains
one of the greatest challenges facing
humanity. While the number of people living
in extreme poverty dropped by more than
half between 1990 and 2015 – from 1.9
billion to 836 million – too many are still
struggling for the most basic human needs.
 By 2030, reduce at least by half the proportion of men, women and children of all ages living in poverty in all its dimensions according to
national definitions
 Implement nationally appropriate social protection systems and measures for all, including floors, and by 2030 achieve substantial coverage of
the poor and the vulnerable
 By 2030, ensure that all men and women, in particular the poor and the vulnerable, have equal rights to economic resources, as well as access
to basic services, ownership and control over land and other forms of property, inheritance, natural resources, appropriate new technology
and financial services, including microfinance
 By 2030, build the resilience of the poor and those in vulnerable situations and reduce their exposure and vulnerability to climate-related
extreme events and other economic, social and environmental shocks and disasters.

4. Rapid economic growth and increased agricultural
productivity over the past two decades have seen
the number of undernourished people drop by
almost half. Many developing countries that used to
suffer from famine and hunger can now meet the
nutritional needs of the most vulnerable. Central
and East Asia, Latin America and the Caribbean have
all made huge progress in eradicating extreme
hunger.
 By 2030, end hunger and ensure access by all people, in particular the poor and people in vulnerable situations, including
infants, to safe, nutritious and sufficient food all year round
 By 2030, end all forms of malnutrition, including achieving, by 2025, the internationally agreed targets on stunting and wasting
in children under 5 years of age, and address the nutritional needs of adolescent girls, pregnant and lactating women and
older persons
 By 2030, double the agricultural productivity and incomes of small-scale food producers, in particular women, indigenous
peoples, family farmers, pastoralists and fishers, including through secure and equal access to land, other productive resources
and inputs, knowledge, financial services, markets and opportunities for value addition and non-farm employment

5. We have made huge strides in reducing child
mortality, improving maternal health and fighting
HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases. Since 1990,
there has been an over 50 percent decline in
preventable child deaths globally. Maternal mortality
also fell by 45 percent worldwide. New HIV/AIDS
infections fell by 30 percent between 2000 and 2013,
and over 6.2 million lives were saved from malaria.
By 2030, reduce the global maternal mortality ratio to less than 70 per 100,000 live births
By 2030, end preventable deaths of newborns and children under 5 years of age, with all countries aiming to
reduce neonatal mortality to at least as low as 12 per 1,000 live births and under-5 mortality to at least as low as
25 per 1,000 live births
By 2030, end the epidemics of AIDS, tuberculosis, malaria and neglected tropical diseases and combat hepatitis,
water-borne diseases and other communicable diseases
By 2030, reduce by one third premature mortality from non-communicable diseases through prevention and
treatment and promote mental health and well-being

6. Since 2000, there has been enormous progress in
achieving the target of universal primary education.
The total enrolment rate in developing regions
reached 91 percent in 2015, and the worldwide
number of children out of school has dropped by
almost half. There has also been a dramatic increase
in literacy rates, and many more girls are in school
than ever before. These are all remarkable successes.
By 2030, ensure that all girls and boys complete free, equitable and quality primary and secondary education
leading to relevant and Goal-4 effective learning outcomes
By 2030, ensure that all girls and boys have access to quality early childhood development, care and preprimary
education so that they are ready for primary education
By 2030, ensure equal access for all women and men to affordable and quality technical, vocational and tertiary
education, including university.
By 2030, substantially increase the number of youth and adults who have relevant skills, including technical and
vocational skills, for employment, decent jobs and entrepreneurship

7. Ending all forms of discrimination against women and
girls is not only a basic human right, but it also crucial
to accelerating sustainable development. It has been
proven time and again, that empowering women and
girls has a multiplier effect, and helps drive up
economic growth and development across the board..
End all forms of discrimination against all women and girls everywhere
Eliminate all forms of violence against all women and girls in the public and private spheres, including trafficking
and sexual and other types of exploitation
Eliminate all harmful practices, such as child, early and forced marriage and female genital mutilation
Recognize and value unpaid care and domestic work through the provision of public services, infrastructure and
social protection policies and the promotion of shared responsibility within the household and the family as
nationally appropriate

8. Water scarcity affects more than 40 percent of people
around the world, an alarming figure that is projected
to increase with the rise of global temperatures as a
result of climate change. Although 2.1 billion people
have gained access to improved water sanitation since
1990, dwindling supplies of safe drinking water is a
major problem impacting every continent.
 By 2030, achieve universal and equitable access to safe and affordable drinking water for all
 By 2030, achieve access to adequate and equitable sanitation and hygiene for all and end open defecation, paying special
attention to the needs of women and girls and those in vulnerable situations
 By 2030, improve water quality by reducing pollution, eliminating dumping and minimizing release of hazardous chemicals and
materials, halving the proportion of untreated wastewater and substantially increasing recycling and safe reuse globally
 By 2030, substantially increase water-use efficiency across all sectors and ensure sustainable withdrawals and supply of
freshwater to address water scarcity and substantially reduce the number of people suffering from water scarcity

9. Between 1990 and 2010, the number of people with
access to electricity has increased by 1.7 billion, and
as the global population continues to rise so will the
demand for cheap energy. A global economy reliant
on fossil fuels, and the increase of greenhouse gas
emissions is creating drastic changes to our climate
system. This is impacting every continent.
By 2030, ensure universal access to affordable, reliable and modern energy services
By 2030, increase substantially the share of renewable energy in the global energy mix
By 2030, double the global rate of improvement in energy efficiency
By 2030, enhance international cooperation to facilitate access to clean energy research and technology, including
renewable energy, energy efficiency and advanced and cleaner fossil-fuel technology, and promote investment in
energy infrastructure and clean energy technology

10. Over the past 25 years the number of workers living in
extreme poverty has declined dramatically, despite the
lasting impact of the 2008 economic crisis and global
recession. In developing countries, the middle class
now makes up more than 34 percent of total
employment – a number that has almost tripled
between 1991 and 2015
Sustain per capita economic growth in accordance with national circumstances and, in particular, at least 7 per
cent gross domestic product growth per annum in the least developed countries
Achieve higher levels of economic productivity through diversification, technological upgrading and innovation,
including through a focus on high-value added and labour-intensive sectors
Promote development-oriented policies that support productive activities, decent job creation, entrepreneurship,
creativity and innovation, and encourage the formalization and growth of micro-, small- and medium-sized
enterprises, including through access to financial services

11. Investment in infrastructure and innovation are crucial
drivers of economic growth and development. With
over half the world population now living in cities,
mass transport and renewable energy are becoming
ever more important, as are the growth of new
industries and information and communication
technologies.
Develop quality, reliable, sustainable and resilient infrastructure, including regional and transborder
infrastructure, to support economic development and human well-being, with a focus on affordable and equitable
access for all
Promote inclusive and sustainable industrialization and, by 2030, significantly raise industry’s share of
employment and gross domestic product, in line with national circumstances, and double its share in least
developed countries
Increase the access of small-scale industrial and other enterprises, in particular in developing countries, to
financial services, including affordable credit, and their integration into value chains and markets

12. It is well documented that income inequality is on the
rise, with the richest 10 percent earning up to 40
percent of total global income. The poorest 10 percent
earn only between 2 percent and 7 percent of total
global income. In developing countries, inequality has
increased by 11 percent if we take into account the
growth of population.
By 2030, progressively achieve and sustain income growth of the bottom 40 per cent of the population at a rate
higher than the national average
By 2030, empower and promote the social, economic and political inclusion of all, irrespective of age, sex,
disability, race, ethnicity, origin, religion or economic or other status
Ensure equal opportunity and reduce inequalities of outcome, including by eliminating discriminatory laws,
policies and practices and promoting appropriate legislation, policies and action in this regard
Adopt policies, especially fiscal, wage and social protection policies, and progressively achieve greater equality

13. More than half of the world’s population now live in
urban areas. By 2050, that figure will have risen to 6.5
billion people – two-thirds of all humanity. Sustainable
development cannot be achieved without significantly
transforming the way we build and manage our urban
spaces. The rapid growth of cities in the developing
world, coupled with increasing rural to urban
migration, has led to a boom in mega-cities. In 1990,
there were ten mega-cities with 10 million inhabitants
or more. In 2014, there are 28 mega-cities, home to a
total 453 million people.
By 2030, ensure access for all to adequate, safe and affordable housing and basic services and upgrade slums
By 2030, provide access to safe, affordable, accessible and sustainable transport systems for all, improving road
safety, notably by expanding public transport, with special attention to the needs of those in vulnerable situations,
women, children, persons with disabilities and older persons
By 2030, enhance inclusive and sustainable urbanization and capacity for participatory, integrated and sustainable
human settlement planning and management in all countries
Strengthen efforts to protect and safeguard the world’s cultural and natural heritage

14. Achieving economic growth and sustainable
development requires that we urgently reduce our
ecological footprint by changing the way we produce
and consume goods and resources. Agriculture is the
biggest user of water worldwide, and irrigation now
claims close to 70 percent of all freshwater for human
use.
Implement the 10-year framework of programmes on sustainable consumption and production, all countries
taking action, with developed countries taking the lead, taking into account the development and capabilities of
developing countries
By 2030, achieve the sustainable management and efficient use of natural resources
By 2030, halve per capita global food waste at the retail and consumer levels and reduce food losses along
production and supply chains, including post-harvest losses

15. There is no country in the world that is not
experiencing first-hand the drastic effects of climate
change. Greenhouse gas emissions continue to rise,
and are now more than 50 percent higher than their
1990 level. Further, global warming is causing long-
lasting changes to our climate system, which threatens
irreversible consequences if we do not take action
now.
Strengthen resilience and adaptive capacity to climate-related hazards and natural disasters in all countries
Integrate climate change measures into national policies, strategies and planning
Improve education, awareness-raising and human and institutional capacity on climate change mitigation,
adaptation, impact reduction and early warning

16. The world’s oceans – their temperature, chemistry,
currents and life – drive global systems that make the
Earth habitable for humankind. How we manage this
vital resource is essential for humanity as a whole, and
to counter balance the effects of climate change.
Over three billion people depend on marine and
coastal biodiversity for their livelihoods. However,
today we are seeing 30 percent of the world’s fish
stocks overexploited, reaching below the level at
which they can produce sustainable yields.
By 2025, prevent and significantly reduce marine pollution of all kinds, in particular from land-based activities,
including marine debris and nutrient pollution
By 2020, sustainably manage and protect marine and coastal ecosystems to avoid significant adverse impacts,
including by strengthening their resilience, and take action for their restoration in order to achieve healthy and
productive oceans
Minimize and address the impacts of ocean acidification, including through enhanced scientific cooperation at all
levels

17. Human life depends on the earth as much as the
ocean for our sustenance and livelihoods. Plant life
provides 80 percent of our human diet, and we rely on
agriculture as an important economic resource and
means of development. Forests account for 30 percent
of the Earth’s surface, providing vital habitats for
millions of species and important sources for clean air
and water; as well as being crucial for combating
climate change.
By 2020, ensure the conservation, restoration and sustainable use of terrestrial and inland freshwater ecosystems
and their services, in particular forests, wetlands, mountains and drylands, in line with obligations under
international agreements
By 2020, promote the implementation of sustainable management of all types of forests, halt deforestation,
restore degraded forests and substantially increase afforestation and reforestation globally
By 2030, combat desertification, restore degraded land and soil, including land affected by desertification,
drought and floods, and strive to achieve a land degradation-neutral world

18. Without peace, stability, human rights and effective
governance, based on the rule of law - we cannot
hope for sustainable development. We are living in a
world that is increasingly divided. Some regions enjoy
sustained levels of peace, security and prosperity,
while others fall into seemingly endless cycles of
conflict and violence. This is by no means inevitable
and must be addressed.
 Significantly reduce all forms of violence and related death rates everywhere
 End abuse, exploitation, trafficking and all forms of violence against and torture of children
 Promote the rule of law at the national and international levels and ensure equal access to justice for all
 By 2030, significantly reduce illicit financial and arms flows, strengthen the recovery and return of stolen assets and combat all
forms of organized crime
 Substantially reduce corruption and bribery in all their forms

19. The SDGs can only be realized with a strong
commitment to global partnership and cooperation.
While official development assistance from developed
countries increased by 66 percent between 2000 and
2014, humanitarian crises brought on by conflict or
natural disasters continue to demand more financial
resources and aid. Many countries also require Official
Development Assistance to encourage growth and
trade.
 Strengthen domestic resource mobilization, including through international support to developing countries, to improve
domestic capacity for tax and other revenue collection
 Developed countries to implement fully their official development assistance commitments, including the commitment by
many developed countries to achieve the target of 0.7 per cent of ODA/GNI to developing countries and 0.15 to 0.20 per cent
of ODA/GNI to least developed countries ODA providers are encouraged to consider setting a target to provide at least 0.20
per cent of ODA/GNI to least developed countries.
 Mobilize additional financial resources for developing countries from multiple sources
