JF608 Chapter 2 : Basics of Quality Control

1. JF 608 - QUALITY
CONTROL
TOPIC : BASIC OF QUALITY CONTROL (QC)
Copyright By : Pn. Wan Asmalinda BtWan Aziz

2. Learning Outcomes:
At the end of this chapter, you should be able to:
1) Define quality
2) List the importance of quality to customer and society
3) Explain the meaning of zero defect
4) List the importance of internal and external customer
5) Explain the quality associated terms and concepts of quality control , quality
assurance , Total Quality Management (TQM) and Continuous improvement
6) Identify the purposes of inspection and several inspections methods
7) Explain the 100% inspection method
8) Justify the reasons sample taken for inspection
9) Compare two statistical quality control methods.
i. Statistical Process Control
ii. Acceptance Sampling

3. Definition of Quality
•Quality is the ability of a product or
service to consistently meet or exceed
customer expectation.

4. The importance of quality:
i. To achieve consumer satisfaction
ii.To get greater customer loyalty and confidence towards
products
iii.To increase healthy competition
iv.To lower cost of production and maintenance
v.To decrease production and service problem

5. Zero Defects
• A quality philosophy based on the idea that a level of
perfect quality, as in zero defects, is achievable and
should be a company-wide goal.

6. The characteristics of zero defect:
• Do it right and best from the beginning/ at the first time
• Quality prevention is preferable than quality inspection and
correction
• Opened relationship between workers and employer

7. Quality Control
• Quality control is a process that measures
output relatives to a standard and take
corrective action when output does not meet
standards.

8. The basic objectives of quality control are:
• to maintain quality standards in order to ensure customer satisfaction
and
• to reduce the costs associated with the scrapping of defective goods.

9. Customer
• Internal customer ~ employee who
receives goods or service produced
elsewhere in the company as input
to his/her works in the organization.
• External customer~ An outside
organization or individual that
receives a product or service from
the company.

10. The importance of customer:
• Repeat business is the backbone of selling and to maintain good profit.
• Organizations are dependent upon their customers.Without customers the
organization
• The purpose of the organization should be to fulfill the needs of the
customers.

11. Quality Assurance
• The planned and systematic activities implemented in a
quality system so that quality requirements for a product
or service will be fulfilled

12. The importance of quality assurance:
• To enhance selling of products/service
• To determine the performance of the business
• To achieve customer satisfaction with the lowest cost of production

13. Total Quality Management
• A philosophy that involves everyone in an organization in a
continual effort to improve quality and achieve customer
satisfaction.

14. Basic concepts ofTQM:
• Design a product or service that will meet what customer want
• The management are more open, encouraging employee input
• Continuous improvement
• Assumed the suppliers as partners in business
• Based on team approach
• Focus on process oriented

15. Continuous Improvement
• A philosophy that seeks to make never-ending improvement to the
process of converting inputs into outputs.
• Kaizen is the Japanese terms for continuous improvement. It covers
equipment, methods, materials and peoples.

16. Inspection Methods
• Inspection is an appraisal activity that compares goods or
service to a standard.
• Types of inspection : 100% inspection and sampling
inspection

17. Types of Inspection:
• 100% inspection: • Sampling inspection
i. Each item is inspected based on the product
specification limit
ii. Taking a long period of time and increase cost
for inspecting
iii. Not suitable for a big size of production
i. Some of the items were selected as a sample
from a lot or batches based on sampling plan
ii. Inspection done towards the sample
iii. The purpose of sampling is to decide whether
a lot satisfied predetermined standards.
iv. Reduced cost and time for inspecting
v. Suitable to be used in a big size of production.

18. Statistical Quality Control
• There are two types of statistical quality control : statistical process control and acceptance sampling.
• Statistical Process Control (SPC)
Statistical process control (SPC) is used to evaluate the output of a process to determine the
acceptability. SPC used control chart as a tool to measure and record the characteristics of quality
while the process of production is running.
Control chart is used to distinguish between random variability and non random variability. It is used
to ensure only products that meet quality specification is produced from the production line.
• Acceptance Sampling
Acceptance sampling is a form of inspection that is applied to lots or batches of items before or after a
process instead of during the process. The purpose of acceptance sampling is to decide whether lot
satisfies predetermined standard. Lots that satisfy these standards are passed or accepted and those that
do not are rejected