“Once your mindset changes, everything on the outside will change along with it.” ― Steve Maraboli, Life, the Truth, and Being Free

1. Cognitive Behaviour Therapy (CBT): preparing
organisations for psychological change
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2. Aims of This Discussion
• To understand how CBT can help
organisations with well being,
behaviour change and performance
• To reflect on workplace challenges,
training needs, and research
opportunities

4. Psychological theories & approaches in the
workplace
• CBT (Beck, 1979) and MI (Miller &
Rollnick, 1991; 2002) are psychological
approaches, underpinned by evidence,
that can help organisations and
individuals overcome challenges related
to physical, emotional, behavioural and
situational factors.
• Issues within the workplace maybe;
stress, resistance, burnout,
presenteeism, absenteeism, sickness ill
health, counter-productive work
behaviours, physical ill health, poor
mental health and so on.

5. WHAT IS THE AIM OF CBT?
• To increase self-awareness
• To encourage a better self-
understanding
• To help us recognize the
‘negative traps’ or ‘vicious
cycles’ we get caught in
• To improve self-control by
developing more
appropriate cognitive and
behavioural skills

6. Cognitive Behaviour Therapy
CBT is ‘a process and identifying and re-
evaluating self defeating thinking so that a person
is persuaded to engage in more effective ways of
thinking, feeling, and behaving’.
• A therapy using a mixture of cognitive
(thought processing) and behavioural
techniques to look at the links between a
person’s environment, thoughts, feelings and
behaviours and the impact of these on their
health and functioning
• Cognitive techniques address thoughts and
thought patterns which may be ‘unhelpful’ and
may trigger and/or increase anxiety
• Behavioural techniques address behaviours
which may be used by a person to reduce their
anxiety or avoid it altogether

8. Situation
THOUGHTS
PHYSICAL REACTIONS
FEELINGS
BEHAVIOURS
Overly negative
Self-critical
Thinking things are going to go wrong
Thinking there is danger
Imagining people will judge you harshly
Imagining that you will look foolish
Unpleasant
Anxious
Angry
Depressed
Heart pounding
Feeling hot
Sweaty
Shakiness
Headache
Stomach ache/cramps
Nausea
Avoid situations
Run away from situations(escape)
Give up
Don’t try to go places or do things

9. Characteristics of
Cognitive-Behavioral Therapies:
1. Thoughts cause Feelings and Behaviors.
2. Brief and Time-Limited.
3. Emphasis placed on current behavior.

10. 4. CBT is a collaborative effort between the
therapist and the client.
Client role - define goals, express concerns,
learn & implement learning
Therapist role - help client define goals, listen,
teach, encourage.
5. Teaches the benefit of remaining calm or
at least neutral when faced with difficult
situations. (If you are upset by your
problems, you now have 2 problems: 1) the
problem, and 2) your upsetness.

11. 6. Based on "rational thought." - Fact not
assumptions.
7. CBT is structured and directive. Based on
notion that maladaptive behaviors are the
result of skill deficits.
8. Based on assumption that most emotional
and behavioral reactions are
learned. Therefore, the goal of therapy is to
help clients unlearn their unwanted reactions
and to learn a new way of reacting.
9. Homework is a central feature of CBT.

12. Three assumptions
1. Cognitive activity impacts
behavior.
2. Cognitive activity can be
monitored and changed.
3. A desired change in behavior can
be accomplished through
changing cognitions.

13. Symptoms
Physical
FeelingsThoughts
Behavioural
Negative
automatic
thoughts
Incidents
Past
experience
in workplace
CBT and self defeating thinking in the
workplace
Core beliefs
Underlying
assumptions or
life rules

14. WHAT CAN DO?
COGNITIVE
• Identify negative thoughts and
thinking patterns which make you
feel unpleasant using a thought
diary (Appendix A)
• Label the type of ‘thinking error’
(Appendix B)
• Develop balanced thinking by
looking for evidence for and
against the thoughts and finding
new evidence you might
otherwise miss
• Learn new skills i.e. distraction,
positive self-talk, problem-solving
skills
BEHAVIOURAL
• Activity monitoring – link activity,
thoughts and feelings
• Become more active – this leaves
you less time to worry or listen to
your negative thoughts
• Increase pleasant activities
• Break tasks into small achievable
steps
• Face your fears – try to break
negative cycles by dropping
avoidance, escape and safety
behaviours

15. How understanding theory and practice
may help you and your organisation
• Help identify and achieve health and
work goals
In particular
Dealing with change and resistance
Modification of health and worked
related beliefs
Solution focused approach to
development of action plans
Training needs of yourself and your
workforce
Applying consultancy for your
organisational needs

16. Policy drivers and evidence
• Health Work & Well Being Programme DOH & HSE
• CBT and Employment IAPT programme
• Cognitive behavioural approaches in the workplace (McMahon,
2007)
• Working our Way to Better Mental Health (Health, Work and
Wellbeing, 2012)
• The Psychologically Flexible Workplace (Lloyd and Flaxman, 2011)

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