1. The Emerging Political
Spectrum
1815-1848

3. Political
Republicans
Constitutional Republic
Universal Manhood
Suffrage
Willing to Endorse
Violent Revolution
Robespierre
Liberals
Conservatives
Limited Constitutional
Monarchy
Limited Male Suffrage
Representative Government
Guaranteed Civil Rights
Traditional Political
System
Aristocracy in Positions of
Leadership
King Louis-Philippe
Robert Stewart,
Lord Castlereagh

4. Economic
Republicans
Liberals
Socialism: Managed Economy Industrial Capitalism
Anti-Capitalist
Laissez-faire
(Unrestricted Free Enterprise)
Louis Blanc
Conservatives
Traditional Agrarianism
Commercial Agriculture
Adam Smith
Prince Metternich

5. Social
Republicans
Classless Society
Liberals
Conservatives
Belief in Equality of
Individuals with Privilege
of Wealth
Traditional Class Structure
Based on Birth/Privilege
Madame Roland
Metternich

6. Religious
Republicans
Opposition to Organized
Religion
Liberals
Religious Toleration
Conservatives
Traditional Established
Church
King Charles X Bourbon

7. Religious
Republicans
Opposition to Organized
Religion
Liberals
Religious Toleration
Conservatives
Traditional Established
Church
King Charles X Bourbon