The document discusses different systems of government and the concept of federalism. It explains that a federal system divides power between the national and lower level governments, with each level having distinct powers. Examples of federal systems include Australia, Brazil, Canada, Germany, India, Mexico, and the United States. The document also outlines arguments for and against federalism, and describes the evolution of federalism in the US over time.
Each country has ultimate power within the system although there is an EU parliament and other institutions that set a common European policy.
Madison's Federalist Paper #10 remains among the most influential works of American political theory.
Implied Powers—allow the national government to make decisions that fall outside the expressed powers. Inherent Powers—recognized by all sovereign nations.
Affirmed that the power of Congress is not strictly limited to the expressed powers. Marshall held that Congress has implied powers to carry out the expressed powers. This case set the precedent for the national government to regulate a wide range of economic activities.
Post Civil War amendments represented a serious enhancement of national power. The national government now abolished slavery, defined who was an American citizen, and attempted (with limited success) to provide rights to the freed slaves that included the right to vote.
SOURCE: Advisory Commission on Intergovernmental Relations, Significant Features of Fiscal Federalism (Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1979), 7.
SOURCE: Advisory Commission on Intergovernmental Relations, Significant Features of Fiscal Federalism (Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1979), 7.
States tend to have a more liberal or more conservative political culture, which is reflected in their policies, whether for moral issues or other issues.
http://www.ncsl.org The National Council of State Legislatures promotes reform and increased efficiency in state legislatures, helps facilitate interstate cooperation, and lobbies for state issues. Its home page provides information about current issues of relevance to states and links to the home pages of all state legislatures. http://www.nga.org At this website of the National Governor’s Association you can find out how federal-state relations look from the perspective of the state’s fifty chief executives. You will also see a pool of likely presidential candidates for the coming decade. http://www.publicintegrity.org This is a very useful site monitoring ethics, money, and politics issues at the state level. http://www.dhs.gov At the website for the Department of Homeland Security you can read about the division of responsibility for homeland security among national, state, and local governments. It contains a link to your state’s homeland security department as well as to the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA).
http://www.closeup.org/federal.htm Close Up Foundation on Federalism A nonprofit, nonpartisan citizenship education organization that offers a time line of federalism and provides links to historical documents, outside analyses, government websites, and media resources. http://www.jamesmadison.org The James Madison Institute A public policy research organization dedicated to the principles of federalism. The site offers access to its quarterly publication, The Journal of the James Madison Institute, the monthly newsletter “The Messenger,” and excerpts from current books and studies. http://www.thisnation.com /federalism.html This Nation Provides resources and historical documents related to American government and politics and includes a link to a discussion of federalism.