3. Today’s Class
1. Discuss what the ‘parts of speech’ are.
This is my cat (noun), Cherry. She (pronoun) is ten years old.
2. Discuss the different types of nouns and how to use them.
Moise’s (1) furniture (2) is in the next room but this chair (3) is mine,
and it cost a lot of money (4).
proper (1), uncountable and inherently singular (2), countable (3),
uncountable and inherently plural (4)
3. Discuss two types of pronouns and how to use them.
Can you (1) give me (2) a hand moving this chair?
subject pronoun (1), object pronoun (2)
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5. Parts of Speech
What are the parts of speech?
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6. Parts of Speech
What are the parts of speech?
Think of ‘speech’ as all the words in the English language.
‘Parts of speech’ are the different types of words.
A word type is based on how a word is _____.
6
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7. Parts of Speech
What are the parts of speech?
Think of ‘speech’ as all the words in the English language.
‘Parts of speech’ are the different types of words.
A word type is based on how a word is used.
Can one word be more than one word type?
7
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8. Parts of Speech
What are the parts of speech?
Think of ‘speech’ as all the words in the English language.
‘Parts of speech’ are the different types of words.
A word type is based on how a word is used.
Can one word be more than one word type?
Yes, the word type depends on context and the meaning on the word
in the sentence.
The same word can be a different word type in different sentences.
8
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9. Parts of Speech
The same word can be a different word type in different
sentences.
The word type depends on context and the meaning of the word in
the sentence.
1. I have been waiting all morning for the email telling me I got into
my program.
‘Email’ is a noun and the object of the verb ‘waiting’.
2. Did you email them last night about the change in our weekend
plans?
‘Email’ is a verb and it’s subject is the pronoun ‘you’.
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10. Parts of Speech
The same word can be a different word type in different
sentences.
The word type depends on context and the meaning of the word in
the sentence.
Complete the sentences
1. The movie was good overall, but the acting wasn’t great.
‘Acting’ is a 1)__ and the subject of the second clause.
2. Could you please act your age?
‘Act’ is a 2)__ and it’s subject is the pronoun ‘3) __’.
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11. Parts of Speech
The same word can be a different word type in different
sentences.
The word type depends on context and the meaning of the word in
the sentence.
Complete the sentences
1. The movie was good overall, but the acting wasn’t great.
‘Acting’ is a noun and the subject of the second clause.
2. Could you please act your age?
‘Act’ is a verb and it’s subject is the pronoun ‘you’.
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12. Parts of Speech
What are the nine parts of speech?
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13. Parts of Speech
What are the nine parts of speech?
1. nouns
2. pronouns
3. verbs
4. adjectives
5. adverbs
6. conjunctions
7. prepositions
8. articles
9. interjections
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Can you think of an example for each of
the nine parts of speech?
15. Nouns
What is a noun?
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16. Nouns
What is a noun?
A noun is a word that represents a person, a
place, a thing, or an abstract idea.
1. __: I’m in love and I feel so excited!
2. __: Have you seen Irina this morning?
3. __: I’d like to buy a chair for my desk.
4. __:I’ve lived in Winnipeg all my life.
16https://pixabay.com/photos/books-pages-story-stories-notes-1245690/ shared under CC0
17. Nouns
What is a noun?
A noun is a word that represents a person, a
place, a thing, or an abstract idea.
1. abstract idea: I’m in love and I feel so excited!
2. person: Have you seen Irina this morning?
3. thing: I’d like to buy a chair for my desk.
4. place: I’ve lived in Winnipeg all my life.
17https://pixabay.com/photos/books-pages-story-stories-notes-1245690/ shared under CC0
22. 22
What is a common noun?
Common nouns refer to a class of things but never a specific thing.
Common nouns aren’t capitalized. Common nouns are preceded
by an article.
A lucky dog has four legs.
‘A dog’ is a common noun, ‘a’ is the indefinite article, and ‘lucky’
is an adjective.
What are the two types of common nouns?
Common Nouns
23. 23
What is a common noun?
Common nouns refer to a class of things but never a specific thing.
Common nouns aren’t capitalized. Common nouns are preceded
by an article.
A lucky dog has four legs.
‘A dog’ is a common noun, ‘a’ is the indefinite article, and ‘lucky’
is an adjective.
What are the two types of common nouns?
Common nouns can be countable or uncountable.
Common Nouns
25. 25
What is a countable noun?
Countable nouns can be counted. Countable nouns have a
singular (e.g. dog) or a plural (e.g. dogs) form. Countable nouns
are always preceded by a zero article (Ø), ‘a/an’, or ‘the’.
There are six dogs in the park and each one has four legs.
‘Dogs’ and ‘legs’ are both countable nouns in their plural form.
We use the zero article for both these nouns because they are
plural and have a general meaning.
Countable Nouns
26. 26
1. Dogs are mammalian animals.
‘Dogs’ is a plural countable noun and uses a zero article (Ø) because
the noun is plural but has a general meaning.
2. The neighbor’s dog was barking all night long.
‘The neighbour’s dog’ is a singular countable noun and uses the definite
article (the) because this is a specific dog.
3. There was a dog down the street.
‘A dog’ is a singular countable noun and uses the indefinite article (a)
because the dog is unknown to the speaker.
Countable Nouns
Singular/Plural
a/the/Ø
Countable Nouns
27. Countable Nouns
Let’s make a list of six countable nouns.
3 singular nouns
3 plural nouns
Can you write three sentences using a countable noun? Think
about what article do you need for each noun, a/the/Ø?
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28. 28
What is an uncountable noun?
Uncountable Nouns
Singular/Plural
the/Ø
Uncountable Nouns
29. 29
What is an uncountable noun?
Uncountable nouns can’t be broken into smaller pieces because
they need to be considered as a whole thing. The categories for
uncountable nouns are
1. s__ (paper, nylon)
2. l__ (coffee, water)
3. g__ (air, smoke)
4. a__ i__ (time, education)
5. o__ (money, traffic)
Uncountable Nouns
Singular/Plural
the/Ø
Uncountable Nouns
30. 30
What is an uncountable noun?
Uncountable nouns can’t be broken into smaller pieces because
they need to be considered as a whole thing. The categories for
uncountable nouns are
1. substances (paper, nylon)
2. liquids (coffee, water),
3. gases (air, smoke)
4. abstract ideas (time, education)
5. others (money, traffic)
Uncountable Nouns
Singular/Plural
the/Ø
Uncountable Nouns
31. 31
Uncountable nouns can’t be broken into smaller pieces because
they need to be considered as a whole thing.
There are seven pies and five cakes on the bakery counter.
‘A pie’ is a one whole object and isn’t a pie anymore if you break
it into smaller pieces. The same goes for a cake.
Uncountable Nouns
Singular/Plural
the/Ø
Uncountable Nouns
32. 32
I’m waiting for my new furniture to arrive.
‘Furniture’ is always in the singular form. We call nouns that are
always in the singular form ‘inherently singular nouns’.
Why is can’t the word ‘furniture’ be broken down into smaller
pieces?
Uncountable Nouns
Singular/Plural
the/Ø
Uncountable Nouns
33. 33
I’m waiting for my new furniture to arrive.
‘Furniture’ is always in the singular form. We call nouns that are
always in the singular form ‘inherently singular nouns’.
Why is can’t the word ‘furniture’ be broken down into smaller
pieces?
Because it refers to a group of objects that make a space livable.
Uncountable Nouns
Singular/Plural
the/Ø
Uncountable Nouns
34. 34
1) __ : bread, furniture
2) __, __ : pieces/slices of bread, pieces of furniture
3) __, __ : a piece/slice of bread, a piece of furniture
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What types of nouns are these?
Countable or uncountable?
Plural or singular?
35. 35
1) uncountable : bread, furniture
2) countable, plural : pieces/slices of bread, pieces of furniture
3) countable, singular : a piece/slice of bread, a piece of furniture
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What types of nouns are these?
Countable or uncountable?
Plural or singular?
36. 36
Inherently singular nouns never occur with the plural suffix –s and,
therefore, have a ‘singular’ verb agreement.
The pork is ready to eat.
The coffee is in beans.
The furniture is on sale.
Both inherently singular nouns and inherently plural nouns are used
with the definite article ‘the’ or zero article Ø.
Uncountable Nouns
Singular/Plural
the/Ø
Uncountable Nouns
37. 37
Inherently plural nouns always occur with the plural suffix –s and
have ‘plural’ verb agreement. For example: jeans, pliers, shorts,
pants, and scissors.
The jeans are red.
The pliers are on sale.
The shorts are yellow.
Both inherently singular nouns and inherently plural nouns are used
with the definite article ‘the’ or zero article Ø.
Uncountable Nouns
Singular/Plural
the/Ø
Uncountable Nouns
38. Uncountable Nouns
Are the nouns inherently singular or plural?
Inherently singular _, _
Inherently plural _, _, _, _
a) My jeans are light not dark blue.
b) His new headphones are pretty cool.
c) Have you seen my glasses?
d) My money is mine – go get your own money!
e) Sherlock Holmes has collected much evidence.
f) Are these your scissors?
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39. Uncountable Nouns
Are the nouns inherently singular or plural?
Inherently singular d, e
Inherently plural b, f, a, c
a) My jeans are light not dark blue.
b) His new headphones are pretty cool.
c) Have you seen my glasses?
d) My money is mine – go get your own money!
e) Sherlock Holmes has collected much evidence.
f) Are these your scissors?
39
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40. Uncountable Nouns
Let’s make a list of six uncountable nouns.
3 inherently singular nouns
3 inherently plural nouns
Can you write three sentences using an uncountable noun?
Think about what article do you need for each noun, the or Ø?
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42. 42
Proper nouns refer to specific people/places/things. They are often
names. These nouns are usually singular, are not preceded by an
article and are capitalized.
Joy and Irina visited the Empire State Building last year.
‘Joy’, ‘Irina’, and ‘Empire State Building’ are all proper nouns.
Proper Nouns
Singular
the/Ø
Proper Nouns
43. 43
Common and Proper Nouns
common noun proper noun
doesn’t refer to a specific place or
person or thing
refers to a specific place or person
or thing
a/the beer Budweiser
a/the country Canada
a/the city Winnipeg
a/the woman Neima
44. 44
Can you write a pair of sentences using the common and proper
noun?
Example/ We need to ask a woman for help. Good-there’s Neima!
Common and Proper Nouns
common noun proper noun
doesn’t refer to a specific place or
person or thing
refers to a specific place or person
or thing
a/the beer Budweiser
a/the country Canada
a/the city Winnipeg
a/the woman Neima
47. 47
What are pronouns?
Pronouns are words that replace a noun.
What pronoun should replace these nouns?
Kate is a language instructor. __ is a language instructor.
Mary (1) gave Jim (2) a pen(3). __ (1) gave __(3) to __ (2).
Pronouns
48. 48
What are pronouns?
Pronouns are words that replace a noun.
What pronoun should replace these nouns?
Kate is a language instructor. She is a language instructor.
Mary (1) gave Jim (2) a pen(3). She (1) gave it (3) to him (2).
Pronouns
49. 49
What types of pronouns are these?
Pronouns
__ pronouns __ pronouns
singular plural singular plural
first person I We Me Us
second person You You You You
third person She/He/It They Her/Him/It Them
50. 50
What types of pronouns are these?
Pronouns
subject pronouns object pronouns
singular plural singular plural
first person I We Me Us
second person You You You You
third person She/He/It They Her/Him/It Them
52. 52
What is the subject?
The subject usually appears at the beginning of a sentence; it is something or
somebody that the sentence is about; or it is somebody who does the action
(i.e. the doer of the action).
What are these sentences about?
1. The marathon went well.
2. My cat is sleeping on the couch in the basement.
3. Jim did the dishes yesterday.
Pronouns
53. 53
What is the subject?
The subject usually appears at the beginning of a sentence; it is something or
somebody that the sentence is about; or it is somebody who does the action
(i.e. the doer of the action).
What are these sentences about?
1. The marathon went well.
It is about marathon; therefore, the marathon is the subject.
2. My cat is sleeping on the couch in the basement.
It is about someone’s cat; therefore, my cat is the subject of this sentence.
3. Jim did the dishes yesterday.
Who did the dishes? Jim did; therefore, Jim is the subject.
Pronouns
54. 54
What is the object?
The object typically follows the verb in English and it is something or somebody
that experiences the action of the verb. The object refers to a word/phrase
that receives the action of the verb.
I like fish.
What experiences my liking?
Fish does; therefore, fish is the object.
Pronouns
55. 55
Identify the parts of this sentence.
Yini bought seven watermelons at Superstore.
subject: 1) __
object: 2) __
Think about what experienced the action of buying? What was bought?
Replace the nouns with pronouns and complete the sentences.
3)__ bought 4) __ at Superstore.
5) __ is a subject pronoun.
6) __ in an object pronoun.
Pronouns
56. 56
Identify the parts of this sentence.
Yini bought seven watermelons at Superstore.
subject: 1)Yini
object: 2) watermelons
Think about what experienced the action of buying? What was bought?
Replace the nouns with pronouns and complete the sentences.
3)She bought 4) them at Superstore.
5) She is a subject pronoun.
6)Them in an object pronoun.
Pronouns
57. 57
Identify the parts of this sentence.
Nastashya and Jeimy drank coffee all afternoon and had a very nice time.
subject: 1) __
object: 2) __
Think about what underwent the action of drinking? What was drank?
Replace the nouns with pronouns and complete the sentences.
3)__ drank 4) __ all afternoon and had a very nice time.
5) __ is a subject pronoun.
6) __ in an object pronoun.
Pronouns
58. 58
Identify the parts of this sentence.
Nastashya and Jeimy drank coffee all afternoon and had a very nice time.
subject*: 1) Nastashya and Jeimy
*This is a compound subject because it has two subjects joined by a
conjunction.
object: 2) coffee
Think about what underwent the action of drinking? What was drank?
Replace the nouns with pronouns and complete the sentences.
4) They drank 5) it all afternoon and had a very nice time.
5) They is a subject pronoun.
6) It is an object pronoun.
Pronouns
59. 59
Let’s try a more challenging example. You can do it!
Pronouns
60. 60
A) Those books were returned by Simran to the library last Tuesday.
subject: 1) __ Think about what this sentence is about.
object: 2) __ Think about who experienced the action of returning?
3) __ were returned by 4) __ to the library last Tuesday.
5) __ is a subject pronoun.
6) __ is an object pronoun.
B) Simran returned those books to the library last Tuesday.
subject: 1) __
object: 2) __ Think about what experienced being returned?
3) __ returned 4) __ to the library last Tuesday.
5) __ is a subject pronoun.
6) __ is an object pronoun.
Pronouns
61. 61
A) Those books were returned by Simran to the library last Tuesday.
subject: 1) those books Think about what this sentence is about.
object: 2) Simran Think about who experienced the action of returning?
3) They were returned by 4) her to the library last Tuesday.
5) They is a subject pronoun.
6) Her is an object pronoun.
B) Simran returned those books to the library last Tuesday.
subject: 1) Simran
object: 2) those books Think about what experienced being returned?
3) She returned 4) them to the library last Tuesday.
5) She is a subject pronoun.
6) Them is an object pronoun.
Pronouns
