2. Table of Content
What makes a presenter
Types
Elements
Process of the presentations
Factors to remember
3. “The difference between a smart person and a wise person is that a
smart person knows what to say and a wise person knows whether or
not to say it.”
Self control
Self awareness
Analytical and critical abilities
Would you try that?
5. “Let the speech be better than silence or be silent”
Speak when it’s necessary
6. What is an “Oral Presentation”?
A presentation is any opportunity to communicate your point of view or ideas
to an audience. This can be informal or formal, impromptu or prepared,
individual or group.
In business we may make presentations to our:
•Bosses
•New employees
•Customers
•Colleagues
•Suppliers
7. Defining Presentations
A speech or talk in
which a new product,
idea, or piece of work is
shown and explained to
an audience.
8. Importance
Facilitates face to face interaction
Speaker’s confidence and sincerely believes the message is being delivered
Information technologies have replaced some of the functions of business
presentations, this assumption is not true
11. Planning, Topic
The starting point for developing a message is selecting
a topic.
WAYS:
1. Engage in personal brainstorming
2. Brainstorm with others
3. Use search engines
4. Are you interested in this topic?
5. Is the topic relevant to your audience?
Write everything
about the topic:
quotes, ideas,
anecdotes, facts,
figures, examples,
stories, statistics
12. Once you have selected a topic, the process of refining it begins.
The goal is usually motivated by one of the general purposes
1. To inform
2. To instruct
3. To educate
4. To train
5. To persuade
6. To motivate
7. To change
8. To celebrate
Planning, Purpose
14. Knowing your Audience
What is their knowledge level
Language level
Education level
What they already know about the topic?
What they need to know or want to know?
Why they are attending the presentation?
What presentation style can they best relate to?
Determine audience’s size & composition
Predict audience’s probable reaction
Age
Gender
Cultural identity
Ethnic background
Race
Religious affiliations
And group memberships.
15. Preparing/Writing
Main idea or content
Limit your scope
Select your approach
Prepare an outline
Develop your presentation
1. Introduction
2. Body
3. Conclusion/summing up
Tell a story
17. Cont…
Easy to read
Color contrast
Text alignment
Use images sparingly
Think outside of the screen/don’t read slides
Ask questions
Have a style
18. Providing support for ideas
Explanation:
It is the act or process of making a subject plain or comprehensible.
Examples:
It connects the main ideas of a presentation with a real or an ideal
state envisioned by the speaker.
19. Cont…
Statistics:
The practice or science of collecting and analysing numerical
data in large quantities, especially for the purpose of inferring
proportions in a whole from those in a representative sample.
Visual aids:
It enhance the clarity and credibility of the message.
22. A checklist for the venue
• The room size, seating arrangements, layout, set-up and acoustics
• The technical arrangements, e.g. microphones (either hand held or
lapel mikes), power points, computer use, audio-visuals, lighting, music,
and whether assistance is available (and have you notified your
requirements in advance?)
• What controls are there for air-conditioning (too cold, too hot), lighting,
moving people in/out?
• What are the seats like?
25. Warm up!
Helps you to relax
Helps you to be heard
Helps you to sound more confident
26. Warm up!
Deep breathing exercises- in for a count of 5, out for a count of 5. In for 6, out
for 6, and so on, up to 10.
Hum! This loosens the vocal chords and warms them up
Do some tongue twisters. Really try to articulate the words. Get faster and
faster!
Yawn.
27. Tongue Twisters!
Unique New York
She sells sea shells by the sea shore. The shells that she sells are sea
shells I’m sure
Red Lorry, Yellow Lorry
Peter Piper picked a peck of picked peppers
Rubber buggy baby bumpers
28. Giving the Presentation, cont:
Clothing: comfortable, appropriate
Maintain eye contact
Use notes if you need them
Think about when to use handouts
30. PowerPoint tips
Look at the audience, not the slides
Don’t overcrowd
Pay attention to colour and layout
Print out slides
Test beforehand
31. Dealing with Questions
Questions show people are listening!
Allow time to deal with them
Decide when to answer them
Try and anticipate
Don’t be afraid to stop and think
32. What if I don’t know the answer?
Open it to the floor
Take details and answer later
Repeat the question back if you don’t understand it
33. Seven Factors to Remember!
1. The start
Do not apologize
Be confident
Know the topic well
34. 2. Audience mood
Be empathic with your audience’s mood
Watch your audience’s body language; their facial expressions, glances
exchanged, shuffling of feet etc.
Project the right degree of formality
Use good pace and drive
Don’t be arrogant - this will turn your audience against you
Control your enthusiasm
Factors cont…
35. 3. Your voice
Be clearly audible
Use a microphone if necessary
Keep your head up
Open your mouth wider than during normal speech
Speak comparatively slow so the audience can digest what you are saying
Keep right level of stress, accent, and speed of speaking
Use a good pitch – the musical tone – vary it. High notes convey urgency, the low
notes convey emphasis
Factors cont…
36. 4. Body language
Positioning of your body – stand in a good posture, do not pace around
too much
Use your hands in proper gestures to support your points
Good use of eye contact – gains and holds attention and establishes
rapport
Avoid mannerisms that irritate, e.g. Swaying side to side, fiddling with
marker, fidgeting with fingers, swirling to and fro etc.
Avoid hands in pockets
Factors cont…
37. 5. Your visual aids
When using flip charts or white boards, write from the side
Write legibly
Stand so that you do not block the view of the screen
Do not speak to the board or screen
Factors cont…
38. 6. Timing
Make sure you end on time
Observe the division of time from the introduction to body and to the conclusion
Factors cont…
39. 7. Conclusion
Finish with equal enthusiasm as was on start
Ask the audience for action
Leave no doubt in your audience’s mind that you have come to an end
of your presentation
Factors cont…
41. Last, but not the least
“There are no secrets to success. It is the result of preparation, hard work, and
learning from failure.”
Gen. Colin L. Powell
42. Suggested Readings
Adair, J. (2003). Adair on Communication and Presentation Skills.
Thorogood: London. pp. 36-41
Abhiyan, S. (2003). Module on Communication Skills in English. New Delhi:
India. pp. 146-157