Chapter 7 Interaction and Interdependence
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Chapter 7 Interaction and Interdependence
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Chapter 7 Interaction and Interdependence
- 2. REFERS TO THE “VARIETY AND VARIABILITY AMONG ORGANISMS AND THE ECOLOGICAL COMPLEXES IN WHICH THEY OCCUR” (REGENTS OF UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN, 2006). IT DESCRIBES THE OVERALL HEALTH OF THE ECOSYSTEM.
- 5. NATURAL ECOSYSTEM IS A BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT IN NATURE. THEY ARE NOT ALTERED OR CREATED BY MAN. THEY ARE DESIGNED BY NATURE WITHOUT ANY HUMAN INTERVENTION NATURAL ECOSYSTEM IS THE HIGH LEVEL OF BIODIVERSITY.
- 7. MAN-MADE ECOSYSTEMS ARE BUILT, CONSTRUCTED, DESIGNED, AND MAINTAINED BY MAN FOR MAN’S BENEFIT.
- 11. TERRESTRIAL Generally means anything occuring on land . Therefore , terrestrial ecosystem refers to the interaction between living organisms and non living components occurring on land masses of islands and continents.
- 13. CLASSIFICATIONS OF TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS • Grassland -Temperate and Savannah • Chaparral • Temperate and Tropical Forests
- 15. GRASSLAND Grassland are terrestrial ecosystems that consist of prairies or meadows. Grasslands are found in north america . The steepes in ukraine , russia and mongolia in the pampas of argentina and uruguay and in the field of south africa .
- 16. Summer season on Temperate Grassland is warm and humid . The climate is cooler than savannahs with an average of 18 degree celciuos in summer and 10 degree celcius in winter . Animals including deer , saiga antelopes , gophers , wild dogs and bisons are found in temperate grasslands . Temperate grasslands are composed of a mix of grassses and forbs and underlain by some of the worlds most fertile soil
- 17. Savannah or Tropical Grassland is the area located in the interior part of Australia, South America and Africa. The climate is warm althroughout the year with only rainfall ocurring in summer seasons.
- 21. CHAPARRAL
- 22. CHAPARRAL The chaparral areas are only found in the western north america , southwestern america . The vegetation mainly consists of spiny shrubs with waxy evergreen leaves.
- 25. TEMPERATE AND TROPICAL FORESTS Temperate forests are found in between polar and tropical regions in northern and southern hemispheres . With a moderate climate , temperate forests can be classified into decidous , coniferous and brodleaved evergreen forests.
- 26. Tropical Forests are found near the equator. It rains almost everyday in the rainforest. Most of our medicines are found in the rainforest.
- 27. AMAZON RAINFOREST. Biodiversity is very high in tropical rainforests because they receive an average of t0 to 60 inches of rainfalls yearly . . Tropical rainforests cover only about 7% of the earths surface. Severely percent of the plants in the rainforests are trees . Tropical rainforests are valuable source of medicine Areas near the equator receive most of the solar energy from the sun.
- 32. TYPES OF AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMS • Freshwater Ecosystems • Marine Ecosystems
- 34. Although freshwater ecosystem are one of the main types of aquatic ecosystems only 0.8 % of the earths surface is covered by them . The water in freshwater ecosystem is non saline . Approximately 41 % of the earths fishes are found in freshwater ecosystems. FRESHWATER ECOSYSTEMS
- 35. Here are some examples of freshwater ecosystems : • Streams and Rivers (Lotic) • Lakes, Ponds and Pools (Lentic) • Wetlands
- 37. Taal Lake Crater of Mt. Taal, Philippines
- 39. Marine Ecosystems cover approximately 71% of the earths surface. Different habitats ranging from coral reefs to estuaries make up this largest aquatic ecosystem in the planet .
- 40. Prime examples of Marine Ecosystems • Ocean • Intertidal Zones • Estuaries • Coral Reef
- 41. Ocean Main body of salty water that is further divided intonimportant oceans and smaller seas. Intertidal Zones Area which remains at high tide and remains terrestial at low tides.
- 42. Estuaries Areas between river and ocean environments that are prone to tides and inflow of both freshwater and saline water.
- 43. Coral Reefs Often referred as the rainforests of the sea , coral reefs are mounds found in marine waters a result of accumulation of calcium carbonate deposited by marine organisms like corals and shellfish .
- 45. Pacific Ocean
- 46. Common species found in marine ecosystems include marine mammals such as whales, seals and manatees. Different species of fish including mackerel, flounder, dogfish, sea bass, etc. and organisms such as tiny planktonic , brown algae corals, echinoderms, etc.
- 47. Marine ecosystems are important for the well being of both terrestrial and aquatic environments. However, they are vulnerable to environment problems such as climate change, pollution and over fishing, which can be a serious harm to marine biodiversity.