Child education

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ASSESMENT OF NEGATIVE EFFECTS OF CHILD NEGLECT ON LATER
ACADEMIC PERFOMANCE AND CAREER IN TANZANIA
BY ANNAMARIA WILBROAD MLELA – Art in Tanzania internship

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TABLE OF CONTENT
Title Page: ...........................................................................................................................1
List of abbreviations.............................................................................................................4
Abstract ................................................................................................................................5
CHAPTER 1:
1.0 INTRODUCTION.
• 1.1 Background.................................................................................................................6-7
• 1.2 Problem Statement......................................................................................................7
• 1.3 General objective........................................................................................................8
•1.4 Specific objective.........................................................................................................8
• 1.5 Research Questions.....................................................................................................8
• 1.6 Relevance of the Study................................................................................................8
CHAPTER 2:
2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW
• 2.1 Introduction..................................................................................................................9
• 2.2 Assessment of child and family needs.........................................................................9-10
2.3 Role of educators when responding to child
neglect...................................................................................................................................11
• 2.4 diverse contexts leading to child
neglect...................................................................................................................................11-13
• 2.5 Contribution of the study to policy
makers...................................................................................................................................13
CHAPTER 3:

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3.0 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY.
• 3.1 Theoretical Framework.................................................................................................14
• 3.2 Research Design............................................................................................................14
• 3.3 Data Collection..............................................................................................................14
• 3.4 Data analysis.................................................................................................................15
CHAPTER 4:
4.0 FINDINGS.
• 4.1Introduction and findings...............................................................................................16-19
• 4.2Discussion.......................................................................................................................19-20
•4.3Position of social worker..................................................................................................20
CHAPTER 5:
5.0 SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS.
• 5.1 Summary of Main Findings.............................................................................................21
• 5.2 Policy Implications..........................................................................................................22
RECOMMENDATIONS..........................................................................................................25
REFERRENCES......................................................................................................................23

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LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS.
BEST Basic Education Statistics in Tanzania.
CCIE Cisaco Certified Interwork Expert.
CPS Child Protective Services.
GDP Child Protective Services.
LHRC Legal and Human Rights Centre.
NSGRP National Strategy for Growth and Poverty Reduction.
UDSHHS United States Department of Health and Human services
UNICEF United Nations Children Emergency Fund.
US United States
WHO World Health Organization
.

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ABSTRACT
The study has specific objectives which includes, assess the needs of children in their families in
relation to child neglect issues, also to examine the roles of educators when responding to child
neglect, apart from that also to identify diverse contexts leading to child neglect. This study is a
qualitative study that has based on phenomenological research design which aims on explaining
and understanding child neglect issues. Behavioral theory is used to show a connection on how
neglect can affect a child’s behavior. Data has been collected from published literature sources and
documents. The data collected will be analyzed using secondary data analysis which will be used
to analyze different secondary data sources that was obtained in this research. Despite all the efforts
set to reduce child neglect through education to parents and guardian there are still many neglected
children in Tanzania today.

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CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND.
Child neglect is the most frequently reported form of child abuse as it count for 60% of all cases
and the most lethal. It is the failure to provide for the shelter, safety, supervision and nutritional
needs of the child. It may be physical, educational or emotional neglect: Physical neglect includes
refusal of or delay in seeking health care, abandonment, expulsion from the home or refusal to
allow a runaway to return home, and inadequate supervision. Educational neglect includes the
allowance of chronic truancy, failure to enroll a child of mandatory school age in school, and
failure to attend to a special educational need. Emotional neglect includes such actions as marked
inattention to the child's needs for affection, refusal of or failure to provide needed psychological
care, spouse abuse in the child's presence, and permission of drug or alcohol use by the
child(William, 2018).
Globally, more than 130 million children between the ages of 6 and 11 years are not in school,
60% of whom are girls. In some countries, girls are either not allowed to receive schooling or else
are kept at home to help look after their siblings or to assist the family economically by working.
Child neglect is the most common type of maltreatment in the United States. Data indicates that
over 794,000 substantiated victims of child maltreatment in 2007, 59.0% of them were victims of
neglect (US Department of Health and Human services, Administration on children, Youth and
Families, 2009).
In Africa specifically Kenya, abandonment and neglect were the most commonly cited aspects of
child neglect when adults in the community were questioned on the subject. In this study, 21.9%
of children reported that they had been neglected by their parents.
Around half of the Tanzanian population of 40 million are children under the age of 18 years
(REPOA, NBS and UNICEF, 2009). The 2012 Population and housing census results showed that
Tanzania had a population of 44,928,923. Children under 15years made up 44.1 % ( 191,813,655)
of the total population. Informal care is very common in Tanzania. Many children do not live with
their parents due to various reasons such as illness, poverty, disability, abandonment of a child and

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orphan hood. Therefore, other members of the family often take care of these children on an
informal basis. Due to a continuous increase of children in need, these extended family face
financial constraints.
The purpose of this study is to assess the needs of children in their families in relation to the child
neglect issues, to examine the roles of educators when responding to child neglect and to identify
diverse context leading to child neglect. Furthermore, the significances of this research are; to
understand the negative effects to the chip victimization, this means that all forms of neglect to the
child lead to effect including physical effect like disability and death, cognitive effect like attention
problem, psychological effect like low self-esteem, to understand the role of social worker to the
child's right like the right to get education, food, shelter, clothes and to live with a responsible and
trustful parents or guardian in the society, to enable the society to know how necessary required
services needs to the child victimization, means the neglected child needs the service to combat
the negative effect occur and reoccurrence to the child like family counseling, foster care and
medical care, to enable the government to the serious actions on the cases of child neglect.
Through the strong law penalty to the suspect reduces the cases of child neglect ended by the
government. Since the community will be more careful with the child's needs and child treatment
as well as to enable the society to know the essential child needs for his or her development, for a
child to grow well and healthy need food, clothes, education, medical care and psychologica l
support through this improves their capacity of self-esteem and leaning capability improvement.
1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM.
Child neglect is the form of child abuse where care givers fail to provide child’s basic and essential
needs such as food, shelter, clothes, education as well as protection. Child neglect can result to
various effects on child’s physical wellbeing, mental, emotional and behavioral development. This
research study aims to asses’ diverse contexts and possible effects of child neglect on later
academic performance and career. In Tanzania there is an increasing number of neglected children
by parents and other caregiver such as street children.
Furthermore, the study is necessary because it aims to assess the needs of children in their families
in relation to the child neglect issues. Also, it aims to examine challenges facing teachers when
dealing with neglected children and to identify diverse context leading to the child neglect.

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1.3 GENERAL OBJECTIVE.
To assess the negative effects of child neglect on later academic performance and career.
1.4 SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES.
i. To assess the needs of children in their families in relation
to child neglect issues.
ii. To examine roles of educators when responding to child neglect.
iii. To identify diverse contexts leading to child neglect.
1.5 RESEARCH QUESTION.
i. What are the needs of children in their families in relation to child neglect issue?
ii. What are the roles of educators when responding to child neglect?
iii. What are the diverse contexts leading to child neglect?
1.6 RELEVANCE OF THE STUDY
This study is relevant because different diversity context determines the existence of child neglect
in Tanzania society, example the issues of divorce, unemployment, poverty and teen parents this
issue lead to child neglect also affect child rights and affect child growth. There are some writers
who has been explaining the issues which lead to child neglect and negative impact to the child
(Hermenau, 2015).

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CHAPTER TWO.
2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW.
2.1 INTRODUCTION
This chapter provides an overview of previous research on knowledge and interact. The study use
narrative literature review as the type of literature review specifically General observation review.
2.2. Assessment of needs of children in their families in relation to child neglect issues.
Child neglect refers to form of child abuse whereby child abuse means contravention of rights of
the child which causes physical, moral or emotional harm including beatings, insults,
discrimination, neglect, sexual abuse and exploitative labor (Law of Child Act, 2009).
Child protective services is responsible for receiving and evaluating reports of suspect child abuse
and neglect. After receiving a report, Child Protective Services (CPS) conduct initial assessment
which consist various aspects including a safety assessment to determine if the child's immediate
safety is concern; also risk assessment to determine if there is risk of future neglect and the level
of that risk. The aim of initial prevention should be to address safety and to increase caregiver’s
readiness for change oriented practice or behavior. Effective ways should found to target and serve
these at-risk families as soon as they are identified to minimize risk that could lead to child neglect
and abuse.
The need to the children including food, shelter, clothes, education and medical care when child
lack one of this may lead to some effect like learning disorder, healthy problem. According to
James (1997) Ecology perspective whereby state that the life style of the family and community
leads to the some causes to the child neglect, example in poor family it difficult to provide well
education and nutrients food to the child. Also due to environment behavior led the child to engage
in bad peers’ group of alcoholic thief seven the society which does not know the essential child
needs it considered as child neglect.
According to Maslow’s theory of needs whereby state in order for the week development of child
need to attain well essential need like physical needs, security. Now days child behavior is
associated with poor parental care because of presence of school day care whereby parent sent

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their child there without critical care of the child security, peer group and food intake this
considered as child neglect since parent are busy with work than their child.
According to Dante (1989) and James (1997) talk about the consequences of the child neglect
which lead to the poor learning capability and health problem, but it does not talk about the needs
of the child which are more essential for the society to be aware of to avoid the occurrence of child
neglect and reoccurrence of child neglect.
Needs are the motivating forces that compels action for its satisfaction. Needs range from survival
needs (common to all human beings) to cultural, intellectual and social needs (varying from place
to place). Needs of children to thrive include security, survival needs, stability, emotional support
and love. Risk factors identified within research on the neglect is that there is a little attention to
examine subgroups of neglecting families. The purpose is to see type of parental and family needs
which were present in child neglect cases and to determine coherent clusters of needs to be
identified which they include low needs (Chamber, 2018).
Globally, Child neglect is described as a social problem. The consequences associated with child
neglect referred to be long-life consequences in many countries including poorer school
performance, impaired physical and mental health. Due to the absence of child needs in association
to family needs, child neglect has widespread and globally phenomenon affecting the lives of
millions of children in countries such as Liberia and India (Levey, 2017).
In Tanzania, needs of children are not acquired thus children may internalize their distress or
separate from their families. The breakdown of traditional childcare systems and poverty in the
society are also implicated to be among factors for child neglect. According to the existing data,
in Tanzania communities around Dar es Salaam-Ilala and Kinondoni and in Iringa region child
neglect most associated cases. The failure on the acquirement of needs of family which they
include employment, food, health insurance education and housing leads to the failure on the
provision of needs of children as a result child tend to be neglected by the family (Kyes, 2003).

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2.3 Roles of educators when responding to child neglect.
A study conducted on the role of educators in preventing and responding to child abuse and
neglect, the keystone of this study is to provides the basic for the involvement of educators in
combating the problem of child abuse and neglect such as child protective services, mental health,
law enforcement, health care, and early childhood professionals to gain better understanding of the
role of educators in child protection.
Bahunde, T. (2017) conducted a study on the effect of child maltreatment on their academic
performance as proxy for human resource potential in Tanzania, and he found that child
maltreatment including child neglect is increasing as days go by, and number of factors contribute
to this situation, this including people who are responsible to protect child rights such as the police,
parents, teachers and other community. Child neglect has immediate and long-term consequences
on those children, this includes failure to achieve their academic performance potential. This
situation suggests that child maltreatment has now reached an alarming stage which warrants
immediate attention and actions of eradicating or at least minimizing it.
2.4 The diverse context leading to child neglect
Neglect is the failure of a parent or a care giver to provide needed food, shelter, clothing, medical
care or supervision to the degree that child’s healthy, safety, and well –being are threatened with
harm (State Laws). According to the Acts of Omission factsheet by the child Welfare Informat ion
Gateway (2005), there are five basic types of neglect namely, physical neglect, medical neglect,
inadequate supervision, emotional neglect and educational neglect. Child physical, sexual or
emotional abuse is traditionally defined in terms of harm to the child. In contrast, neglect is defined
by what is not happening to the child rather what is happening (Watson, 2005). The following
below are the diverse contexts which lead to child neglects.
Poverty, refers to a state or condition in which a person or community lack the financial resources
and essential for a minimum standard of living from employment is so low that basic. In our
research poverty is the diverse context which lead to child neglect, because of poverty some parents
fail to provide all essential needs for the development of child and the family. Through poverty
children are being neglected in a way that some children become street children or beggars so as
they can be able to obtain all basic needs especially food, some children engaged in criminal issues

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because of poverty. To reduce or end this child neglects in the society, the government has
established NSGRP so as to improve the life of the poor people in the rural areas. This will help
to end up child neglects in the society, simply because the family will be able to provide all
essential needs to their children (Depanfilis, 2006).
Divorce is a formal ending of a marriage, its more permanent than a separation and involves a
legal process. There are some reasons which lead to divorce, the reasons are like financial
problems, domestic violence and health problems. This issue lead to child neglects, simply because
after the divorce a child can be placed to a parent who is not financially stable or a parent who
have more activities to deal with apart from controlling his or her children. This diverse context
leads to child neglects because of the irresponsibility of parents to provide a good care of their
children (Depanfilis, 2006).
Disability is any condition of the body or mind (impairment) that makes it more difficult for the
person with the condition to do certain activities and interact with other people. According to
Disability Discrimination Act (DDA), a disabled person is defined as someone who has a physical
or mental impairment that has a substantial and long term adverse effect on his or her ability to
carry out normal day to day activities (Depanfilis, 2006). Children with disability are denied their
right to education, playing with others and emotional support.
Sickness, refers to a social identify, distinguishable from disease, which is a biological concept
and from illness which is a socio-psychological concepts (Depanfilis, 2006). Various diseases to
children like; Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Chicken pox and Measles lead to child
neglect.
According to USDHHS (2005) and Coohey (2003), Child neglect has been a problem all over the
world. In Canada, the United States and the United Kingdom neglect is the most common type of
maltreatment. In the United States 61% of all child maltreatment victims suffer from neglect. There
is a substation rate of 7.5 per 1000 for neglect compared to 2.3 per abuse. The supervisory neglect
represents the largest single type of child maltreatment with a total of 30%.
In Africa neglect is also a problem specifically in Kenya, abandonment and neglect were the most
commonly cited aspects of child abuse when adults in the community were questioned on child
neglect.21.9% of children were reported neglected by their parents compared to other world

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regions, there is very little published on child neglect issues, harmful traditional practices and
poverty contribute to child neglect Data on child protection issues are becoming increasingly
available in different countries like Tanzania, Ghana, Malawi, Kenya and South Africa (Julie and
Susannah, 2017).
According to Ngondi (2012) and LHRC (2018), in Tanzania there is lack of awareness about issues
relating to child neglect, many parents and caregivers do things that they are not aware that neglect
their children. With a median age of 18 years in Tanzania children represent a large percentage of
its population who faces tremendous challenges and are directly affected by poverty and essential
children rights being violated such as the right to education to emotional, physical and moral
support to their children. A media survey found that 91% of all cases of violence against children.
2.5 CONTRIBUTION OF THE STUDY TO POLICY MAKERS.
This research will contribute in policy making because; the study clarify the common and
divergent pathways of various forms of child abuse and neglect for diverse population is essential
since it tend to improve the quality of future prevention and to produce policies as well as to enact
laws which can be essential in protect a child from neglect and all forms of child abuse.
Also, study can provide a specific programs in services and self-help programs that can examine
programs which are beneficial to a child which are related to outcomes, such as characteristics
circumstances under which the child can removed from original home environment to foster family
with child services and protection provision.

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CHAPTER THREE.
3.0 METHODOLOGY.
3.1 THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK.
Behaviorism was formally established with the 1913 publication of Watson classic paper,
“Psychology as the Behaviorist Views It”, and he is often considered the “father” of behaviorism.
Behavioral theory of child development focus on how environmental interaction influences
behavior, Pavlov and Skinner further developed this theory. These theories deal only with
observable behaviors. Development is considered a reaction to rewords, punishments, stimuli, and
reinforcement.
Neglected children may suffer from behavioral problems which may lead to the negative effects
to their academic performance and carrier throughout their life. This research shows that children
are in greater risk of developing conduct disorders and of participating offending behavior,
neglected children also may be at risk for repeating neglectful behaviors.
3.2 RESEARCH DESIGN.
In our research phenomenological research design is used. Phenomenological research design is
the form of qualitative research that focuses on the study of an individuals lived experiences within
a particular group (Creswell, 2013).This research design is aligned with our research because the
fundamental goal of the design is to arrive the description of the nature of our research.
3.3 DATA COLLECTION.
Data was collected through secondary data collection methods like published literature sources
and documents. Google scholar and google search were used to review the terms child neglect,
needs, neglect, poverty, disability, divorce and sickness. Other concepts related to Child neglect
were retrieved from different articles including the journal of Psychology Today International
2019, furthermore other contents in this study were retrieved from articles on Sage publication
2018 and International Journal of Educational Research 2009.

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3.4 DATA ANALYSIS.
My study is based on secondary data, therefore the type of data analysis preferred is secondary
data analysis. This is a form of research in which the data collected and processed in one study are
re-analyzed in a subsequent study. Usually, the study has been done by other researchers, thereby
the data borrowed from secondary source are studied again and re-analyzed and re-checked. This
is done since our purpose it's not the same as previous study purpose (Allen, 2009).

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CHAPTER FOUR.
4.0 FINDINGS
4.1 INTRODUCTION
This part presents the findings of the study, the findings are being on formulated research questions
who guided this study. There are three hypotheses. Assessment of need of children and families in
connection to child neglected issues. Examining the roles of educators when responding to child
neglect. Identification of diverse context leading to child neglect.
Assessment of needs of children in their families in relation to child neglect issue
Needs are motivating forces that compels action for its satisfaction. Child neglect is the form of
child abuse and is deficient in meeting a child's basic needs including the failure to provide
adequate supervision, health care, clothing or housing as well as other physical, emotional, social,
and educational and safety needs. In the framework for the assessment of child in need and their
families there are process of systematic formation for gathering about children in need and their
families which were designed to provide an integrated framework for such process. Ongoing
failure to meet child's needs by some parents tend to result to a child neglect. Parent's lack of
understanding on child's developmental needs such as Parental capacity.

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Department of Health, Department for education and employment (2000)
The 2009 Tanzania Violence against Children Survey revealed the extent to which children are
sexually assaulted, raped, physical attached and emotional abused. The practice of physical
violence is deeply rooted in cultural belief and norms. Example of child neglect in Tanzania are
early marriage and children in conflict with the law. Hence UNICEF has been critical to raising
the Tanzania awareness of child protection issues and generating commitment to action, this
include strengthening the legal and regulatory framework, improving preventive and response
services and addressing harmful social norms at family and community level.
The roles of educators when responding to child neglect
Children spend a large portion of their time in school, which gives educators more access to
students than most other professionals. For the case of this study the term “teacher” is meant to
include not only the classroom teacher, but also other school personnel in serving the child. This
study intends to examine the role of teacher, school counsellor and school social worker.
Furthermore, some studies identified roles of educators in protecting and responding to child
neglect. Those roles include, recognizing child abuse and neglect, where an educator recognizes
indicators of neglected children by observing children's behavior at school like wearing of
inappropriate clothing; Reporting child abuse and neglect, educators have the roles of reporting
child abuse and neglect, but they are guided by the standards and regulations of the required State
and mandated by the laws, for example in Tanzania there is Law of Child Act of 2009. These laws
and regulations identify people who responsible to report the cases of children neglect, what they
supposed to report, where to report and how to report; Providing support after the report, the roles
of educators in dealing with child Neglect do not end in reporting, educators are supposed to
provide assistance and support to child protective services staffs by sharing relevant information
about families and children after they have been reported, providing services to the child, parents
and the family; Preventing child abuse and neglect, schools have the position to address child
neglect where educators can providing trainings to the children on what they should do when
experiencing neglect from either parents or caregivers and also schools have position in
community as they can provide awareness to the people on how to prevent child neglect in the
society.

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The diverse context of child neglect on later academic performance in Tanzania.
Teenage parenting refers primarily to women and men nineteen years or younger who give birth
to and elect to parent a child. Tanzania has one of the highest adolescent pregnancy rates globally,
with an estimated 23 parents of girls between 15 to 19 years old beginning childbearing (Restless
Development, 2011). Given that youth under 18 years of age make up 51% of Tanzania’s national
population, it is essential to invest in their well-being as this group as the potential to contribute
towards the country’s development. Early childbearing places girls’ health at risk as adolescents
in the 15 to 19 years old age group are twice as likely to die in childbirth, as well as being prone
to seek unsafe abortion procedures which have caused death and disability in countries where
abortions are illegal, including Tanzania (WHO, 2007). In 2007, estimations show that 8000 girls
either dropped out or were expelled from primary and secondary schools due to their pregnancies,
while those who had already given birth were barred from returning to school this resulted to,
pregnant girls and adolescent mothers being restricted to limited employment opportunities given
their incomplete education levels (UNICEF, 2010).
The Tanzania Adolescent Report (2011) reports that adolescent’s pregnancy rates contribute to
rapid population growth which in turn puts pressure on government expenditures for social welfare
services and impacts national development strategies in reducing poverty. Tanzania is one of the
world’s poorest countries with its per capital gross domestic product (GDP) of US $220 (CCIES,
2004). With 67.9 percent of the total population living under the poverty line the government does
not have the resources needed to provide social services to the poorest communities (UNICEF,
2013).
Substance abuse refers to the harmful or hazardous use of psychoactive substances including
alcohol and illicit drugs (WHO, 2007). Parental substance abuse has a major impact on the
wellbeing of children. Consequently, parental substance abuse is recognized as a risk factor for
various forms of child neglect. Children of parents with substance abuse issues are at greater risk
for abuse or neglect, and this childhood abuse will have a divesting impact throughout their lives.
These children are more likely to experience trauma, face difficulties with concentration and
learning, and control their physical and emotional responses to stress and form trusting
relationships. Several epidemiological studies have shown that experiencing abuse as a child
increases the risk for substance abuse later in life. Childhood abuse is a strong indicator of

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substance abuse and addiction in later life. Adults who were abused or neglected during childhood
often turn to drugs and alcohol for self- medicated coping. Along with the development of
substance abuse problems.
Poverty is one of the diverse contexts leading to child neglect. Children from poor areas need to
receive appropriate schooling or support from teachers and family in order to reach their potential.
The literature has highlighted two major issues, one that poverty can cause child neglect in that
parents and caregivers fail to provide necessary needs for their children like food, shelter and
clothes and other essential needs like educational needs. And also that poverty can lead to a child’s
lack of confidence, achievement and motivation and hence cause effects on a child’s academic
performance and later career (Kusekwa, 2017).
Home environment is also one of diverse contexts leading to child neglect. The response from
parents and children is that children don’t get enough support from their parents due to low level
of education. Large findings in Tanzania show that parents don’t check their children’s exercise
books, this is a type of neglect called education neglect. Some parents in Tanzania have no time
or means to buy their children supporting material due to lack of awareness of parents some child’s
basic needs are neglected. Nghambi continues to state that, family conflicts is also among the
reasons in the home environment that can cause a child to have poor academic performance and
later poor career performance. Family conflicts can cause depression, lack of confidence and lack
of motivation to children and hence affect their academic performance and career (Nghambi,
2014).
Children with disability face the problem of neglect in access to education and participate in
decision making as a child since everything does out of their concern, in Tanzania child with
disability are highly neglected (SIDA, 2004), also in the issue of unemployment it the causative
for the child neglect since a lot of child being affected being suspended from school, clothes,
nutrients food since affect child development even the parent reduce expenditure (Austin, 2013).
4.2 DISCUSSION.
The aim of this study is to assess the effects of child neglect on later academic performance and
career. Family environment affects children's needs like emotional needs, physical needs as well
as educational needs. Absence of need to the children contribute to the biological and social effects,

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neglect affects intellectual ability and academic performance. Child neglect also can result to
anxiety and failure to thrive. When physical needs are ignored, children physical development of
the child's brain may be affected and may lead to the psychological problems such as low-esteem
which may later lead to risk behavior like substance use. Also when a child's emotional are not
met they tend to learn that they do not have the right to ask for help because they appear weak
when they speak-up for their needs.
There due to failure of the teachers to accomplish their roles lead to the negative impact to
neglected children in their academic performance and career this they must endure their roles so
that this children could be in the safe line.
According to Kusekwa, (2017) child neglect causes various effects on academic performance and
career as children tend to copy their parents’ behaviors and they may adopt violent behaviors which
can in turn cause effects to their academic performance and careers. Children May also develop a
sense of inferiority complex and this can negatively affect their academic performance, career and
even a child’s esteem, confidence and motivation.
4.3 POSITION OF SOCIAL WORKER
Social worker has a long-term tradition as they work to support thousands of children and their
families who are victims of child neglect, social worker plays a vital role in ensuring the best
interest of the child who face neglect, they use their knowledge and skills to provide social services
for children. Social worker is a broker as they involved in the process of making referrals to link
neglected children and families to needed resources, they do not simply provide information. They
also follow up to be sure the needed resources are attained.
Social workers advocating for the right of children especially those neglected, Social workers are
particularly concerned for those who are vulnerable or unable to speak for themselves. Advocacy
can occur on the local country, state or national level. They also educate by teaching people about
the children right so as to reduce the mass children neglect. Also, social workers facilitate by
gathering groups of people together.

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CHAPTER FIVE.
5.1 SUMMARY OF FINDINGS.
The findings of child neglect in our research have been undertaken to assist in refining definitions,
analyzing the needs of neglected children, roles of educators when responding to child neglect as
wee as the diverse context of child neglect on later academic performance and career in Tanzania.
5.2 POLICY IMPLICATIONS.
Understanding the complex nature of child neglect is a challenging task. Organizing base of
knowledge can inform practice, guide the development program and policies relevant to child
neglect. Ability to treat and prevent a child from child neglect and abuse depends on quality of
tools that are available to address problems. This research requires guidance, guidance,
coordination and leadership to organize or to shape policy making processes as well as future
generations research in the field of family system and child development studies.
5.3 CONTRIBUTION OF THE STUDY TO FUTURE RESEARCH.
The study will help to improves children’s academic performance and carrier goals because parents
will be aware of their children’s needs such as physical, emotional and cognitive needs. Basing on
existing knowledge the research will help other future researchers in acquiring data that will
improve their capacity to deal with child neglect.
Furthermore, the study will help to reduce the number of neglects children in the future, this
research will help in the future research in a way that the researchers will be aware on the
consequences of the child neglects in the society and how to deal with those neglects. Researchers
will be able to identify the needs for the child growth and for the development of the society when
children have been protected from any form of neglect.

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RECOMMENDATION.
Strengthening and Enforcement of Legal Frameworks, despite of the efforts done to establish
different laws and policies for the protection of children from neglect but the number of neglected
children have been increased in every setting. So the government should strength the enforcement
and implementation of this laws and policies.
Ensuring linkage between sectors and service providers, the linkage is required so as to ensure that
case management like referral of neglected children is coordinated and children have the required
services.
Trainings to the teachers, teachers should be trained on how to deal with the neglected children,
how they can identify them and what steps should be taken to help neglect children.
Provision of Social workers to the schools, most of the schools in Tanzania lack the social workers
so the government should provide social workers to the schools who would be used to solve
different problems of neglected children as they have knowledge on child abuse include neglect.

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REFERENCES.
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