Presented by Nguyễn Văn Diễn on 9 November 2020 at "National workshop: Mangrove environmental services payments"

1. 1

2. OUTLINES
1
• Situation of coastal and mangrove forests in
Vietnam
2
• Key coastal and mangrove forests protection
and development policies
3
• Results, challenges, shortcomings and
limitations
4
• Tasks, and orientation to upcoming period

3. SITUATION OF COASTAL AND MANGROVE FORESTS IN VIETNAM
OVERVIEW OF COASTAL FOREST
 Coastal line of 3,260 km
 Covering: 600 communes of 130 districts,
28 provinces, ranging from Quảng Ninh to
Kiên Giang provinces.
 Population: 47 mil. people, accounting for
49.7%; Mekong river delta accounting for
12% of area; 19% of population nationwide.
 Suffer from risks, damages caused by
typhoons and sea level rising.
 Coastal forest (accounting for 3%) plays
very important role in balancing eco-system
and biodiversity, especially wave, wind
prevention, production protection and
livelihoods improvement, protection of sea
and coastal dyke construction works.

4. SITUATION OF COASTAL AND MANGROVE FORESTS IN VIETNAM
STATUS OF COASTAL FOREST IN 2019
-
20,000
40,000
60,000
80,000
100,000
120,000
140,000
Đông Bắc (1
tỉnh)
Đồng Bằng
Sông Hồng (4
tỉnh)
Bắc Trung Bộ
(6 tỉnh)
Nam Trung Bộ
(8 tỉnh)
Đông Nam Bộ
(2 tỉnh)
Tây Nam Bộ (7
tỉnh)
Region
Forested
area and
planned area
(ha)
Coastal
forested
area (ha)
By origin By use purpose
Natural Plantation SUF PF
Productio
n
Forests
outside
forest
planning
area
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9)
Total (28 provinces) 709,014 454,337 15,266 239,071 8,826 177,201 132,646 45,664
Northeast (1 province) 134,392 98,489 34,828 63,661 4,247 30,223 58,413 5,607
Red river delta (4
provinces)
48,061 18,278 9,001 9,277 7,938 10,042 87 211
North central (6
provinces)
61,646 40,043 8,400 31,643 106 21,731 14,258 3,949
South central (8
provinces)
205,285 136,222 76,836 59,386 29,321 35,201 41,507 30,193
Southeast (2
provinces)
48,342 40,937 24,054 16,883 14,265 22,826 1,615 2,230
Southwest (7
provinces)
211,288 120,369 62,148 8,221 42,949 57,179 16,767 3,474
Year Area (ha)
1943 408,500
1982 252,000
2000 189,200
2019 150,107

5. SITUATION OF COASTAL AND MANGROVE FORESTS IN VIETNAM
COASTAL FORESTED AREA IN 2019 DIVIED BY FOREST CATEGORIES
Regions
Forested area
(ha)
Divided by
SUF PF
Production
forest
Forests outside
forest
planning area
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6)
TOTAL 256,310 20,440 164,656 64,874 6,340
FORESTED AREA 150,107 13,291 107,052 23,736 6,028
Natural forest 54,751 9,615 40,151 2,527 2,457
Planted forest 95,356 3,676 66,901 21,209 3,571
NON- MATURE FORESTED
AREA
106,203 7,149 57,604 41,138 312
Non-mature planted area 10,802 267 6,862 3,362 312
Area for zoning for
rehabilitation
1,170 185 826 160 -
Others 94,230 6.698 49.916 37.616 -
9%
71%
16%
4%
Đặc dụng Phòng hộ Sản xuất Rừng ngoài quy hoạch cho LN

6. SITUATION OF COASTAL AND MANGROVE FORESTS IN VIETNAM
MANGROVES DIVIDED BY OWNERSHIP IN 2019
Items
Forested
area (ha)
Divided by ownership
SUF MB PFMB
State forest
companies
Hh,
individua
l
Army
force
Others
Commune
PC
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9)
TOTAL 256,310 15,915 114,770 33,406 26,911 4,212 7,091 54,004
FORESTED AREA 150,107 10,700 73,703 20,421 8,306 1,705 4,921 30,351
Natural forest 54,751 8,714 24,173 2,124 1,863 176 1,832 15,869
Planted forest 95,356 1,985 49,530 18,297 6,443 1,529 3,090 14,482
NON-MATURE
FORESTED AREA
106,203 5,216 41,067 12,986 18,605 2,507 2,169 23,653
Non-mature forested area 10,802 89 4,429 1,435 240 469 265 3,875
Zoning for rehabilitation 1,170 152 678 172 112 - 7 50
Others 94,230 4,975 35,960 11,379 18,252 2,038 1,898 19,728
07%
49%
14%06%
01%
03% 20%
BQL Rừng ĐD
BQL rừng PH
DNNN, Ngoài quốc
doanh
HGĐ, cộng đồng
Đơn vị vũ trang

7. 2007:
Strategy
2006 –
2020
2012:
Forest
protection&
developmen
t plan 2011
– 2020;
REDD+
initiative
2011-2020
2013:
Scheme
of
restructuri
ng the
forestry
sector
2016:
Policies
on
coastal
forest
protection
and
developm
ent
respondin
g to CC
(Decree
119)
2017:
Target
program for
sustainable
forest
development
2016-2020;
REDD+
initiative to
2030;
Forestry law
KEY POLICIES ON COASTAL FORESTS
2015:
Coastal
forest
protectio
n and
develop
ment
scheme
respondi
ng to CC
2014-
2020
2018, 2019:
Decision
770
amending
Scheme no.
120; Decree
156

8. VIETNAM FOREST DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY (2006-2020)
Develop 0.18
mil. ha of
protection
forest for
wave
shielding and
sea
encroachment
prevention
Develop 0.15
mil. ha of
forest for sand
moving and
wind
prevention
Focus on project of
protecting, restoring
and developing
mangroves in coastal
areas in the North,
North central, central
coastal, Mekong river
delta and reinforce
forest system for sand
moving, wave
shielding in the central
coastal regions.
Decision
18/2007/QĐ
-TTg dated
05/02/2007

9. FORESTRY RESTRUCTURING SCHEME
Decision
1565/QĐ-BNN-
TCLN on
08/7/2013
FOREST CATEGORIES: PF: 5.842
mil. ha, of which: 0.18 mil. ha of forest for
wave shielding and sea encroachment
prevention, 0.15 mil. ha of forest for wind
and sand moving prevention
FOREST ECO-ECONOMIC
REGION- BASED DEVELOPMENT:
reinforce the watershed forest, coastal
forest for sand moving prevention,
wave shielding and erosion protection,
improved mangrove eco-system in the
Northeast; North central; south central
coastal; Mekong river delta

10. LAW ON FORESTRY
Clause 2, Article 16: FMB, army forces, communities, hhs, individuals
residing legally in communes with watershed forests; protection forest
for wind and sand moving shielding , wave shielding, sea encroachment
prevention” are allocated protection forest and be free from forest use
fees.
Article 20: the competence of conversion of using protection forest
functioning wind, sand moving, wave shielding, sea encroachment:
NA: 500 ha and above; PM: 20-500ha; Provincial people’s
council: under 20ha.
Article 47. protection forest development: “3. for protection forest
saving for wind, sand moving, wave shielding, sea encroachment:
establish appropriate forest belt for respective region; plant tree
species with strong root system with priority given to native
species that can grow well under harsh conditions, good resistance
and supplementary planting in areas that do not meet the forest
criteria"
Clause 5, Article 61. FES: “5. provision of spawning ground, food,
natural breeds, water source and other environmental, forest eco-system
factors for aquaculture farming"
1
2
3
4
Coastal
and
mangrov
es

11. Protect the existing coastal forest area
Restore 9,602 ha of poor forest (at Decision 770/QĐ-
TTg: indicating 6,670 ha)
New plantation of 46,058 ha, of which: mangroves:
29,500 ha; forest for sand moving and wind shielding
of 7,508 ha; coastal production forest: 9,050 ha
(revised at Decision QĐ 770/QĐ-TTg: 14,930 ha)
1
2
3
SCHEME OF COASTAL PROTECTION AND DEVELOPMENT
RESPONDING TO CC (2014-2020)
Promote protection functions of coastal forest responding to CC
and sea level rise; disaster mitigation, sea dyke, infrastructure
protection, biodiversity conservation, enhanced CO2 absorption,
GHG emission reduction; contribute to socio-economic
development and national security
GOALS
TASKS

12. KEY POLICIES ON COASTAL FOREST MANAGEMENT, PROTECTION AND
DEVELOPMENT RESPONDING TO CC (Decree no. 119/2016/NĐ-CP)
Dec
ree
119
Cen
tral
bud
get
Economic career funding:
- Contract forest for protection: 1.5 times compared to
the average rate.
- Zoning for rehabilitation: 4 mil. VND/ha for 5 years.
- Prepare dossier of contracting forest for protection
and rehabilitation: 50,000 VND/ha.
Invest in coastal forest via approved projects:
- Inventory, planning of coastal forest;
- plantation; zoning for rehabilitation;
- Build infrastructure works, procure equipment
- Manage, check and validate results from coastal
forest projects
Pro
vinc
ial
bud
get
- Forest inventory and forest resources monitoring;
- Coastal forest allocation and lease;
- operations of coastal protection and special use
forests;
- extension, research, technology application;
- investment, support in addition to the central budget

13. Issue technical guidance on coastal afforesttation for 11 major
mangrove plant species and technical norms of mangrove
planting (decision no.1025/QĐ-BNN-TCLN and
no.1026/QĐ-BNN-TCLN on 08/4/2016; no. 5365/QĐ-BNN-
TCLN on 23/12/2016)
1
Technical guidance on combined agricultural, forestry and
fishery production in the coastal forest area (decision
no.608/QĐ-BNN-TCLN on 13/02/2018)
2
Collaborate with MoST to issue the National standards:
protection forest for wave shielding and sea encroachment
prevention (TCVN 12510-2:2018); protection forest for wind
and sand moving shielding (TCVN 12510-1:2018); plantation
– forest after the basic establishment period – group of
mangrove plant species (TCVN 12509-3:2018).
3
GUIDELINES

14. RESULTS FROM IMPLEMENTATION OF THE SCHEME 120
FOREST PROTECTION
• Violations: reduce averaged 30% for period 2016-
2020 compared to period 2011-2015.
• Contract forest for protection: 305,834 ha/y.
• Not converting mangrove and coastal forest into other
use purposes
FOREST DEVELOPMENT
• New plantation of 16,158 ha (mangrove: 10,118 ha);
• Supplement, rehabilitation of 9,162 ha (mangrove:
3,964 ha);
• Scattered planting: 3.23 mil. trees/y.
LIVELIHOOD IMPROVEMENT
• Operate PFES;
• Increase incomes, improve livelihoods of forest
owners: forest allocation, aquaculture farming under
forest share (MAM project in Cà Mau: 5,600 hhs;
15,600 ha; 3,200 hhs holding organic shrimp
certificates); agro-forestry (medicine plants);

15. MOBILIZEE FINANCE SOURCES FOR COASTAL FOREST
Period 2000-2012: Total mobilized funds for coastal forest protection
and development of 1,541 bil. VND
Sources
Planned
budget (QĐ
120/QĐ-
TTg)
Approved budget
(2015-2020)
Ratio %
Project
s
Budget
(bil.VND)
Total 5,415 140 3,550 65.6
Forest protection and development (national target program) 1,951.3 38 706 36.2
Programme for responding to the CC (SP-RCC) 1,593 48 1,940 121.8
Funds for protecting, upgrading sea dykes 247 7 57 23.2
ODA, granted sources 1,397.5 15 664 47.5
Others (provincial budget, enterprise, organization,
individual,…)
226.2 32 182 80.5

16. Make a drastic change in awareness and responsibility of
all levels, sectors and all social actors, attracting the
attention and support of international organizations.
1
Mechanism, policy and technical guidelines on coastal
forest protection and development were issued timely and
supporting well implementation of localities
2
Investment for coastal protection and development; items of
afforestation were calculated correctly and fully according to
the economic economic norms; diversify mobilization
sources for forest protection and development
3
25,320 ha of forest planted and rehabilitated; protection
function improved; implemented international commitments
on CC and sea level rise
4
ACHIEVEMENTS

17. The situation of mangrove conversion, forest land encroachment
for farming, fishing, etc. is still complicated; not drastically in
dealing with encroachment, forest land acquisition
Effects of natural disasters, high tide, coastal erosion, estuaries
(Mekong Delta, ...); environmental pollution, waste, ... =>
seedlings died; pending construction; civil construction works
High cost of planting mangroves; state budget for forest protection
and development projects still limited; budget allocation was
inadequate, not in timely manner, consequently not enough time
to prepare seedlings for afforestation
1
2
3
CHALLENGES AND DIFFICULTIES
Afforestation site is increasingly difficult and complicated; in many
places, it is required to make alluvial grounds then planting forests
after 2-3 years after that
4

18. The direction and administration of project implementation in
some localities have not been drastic, lack of regular inspection
and urge, so results are low.
Scientific research, proposed solutions to waves break and
erosion prevention are limited; not many effective models; forest
pests and diseases.
investment in mangrove protection and development is not
attracted; with low income of people inside and near the forest.
Livelihoods for people are not sustainable and have not created a
driving force for coastal protection and development.
5
6
7
CHALLENGES AND DIFFICULTIES
The productivity and quality of coastal forests are low, and the
biodiversity of natural mangrove forests continues to be reduced
(environmental pollution; waste, wastewater).
8

19. KEY TASKS OF THE UPCOMING PERIOD
Draft Strategy period 2021-2030, vision to 2045
National planning for forestry period 2021-2030, vision to 2050
Prepare national target program for sustainable forestry
development period 2021 - 2025
Draft the scheme of coast forest protection and development
responding to the CC period 2021-2030
Draft the Decree on policy on investment in forest protection
and development , processing and trading forest products
Pilot CPFES; continue studying other pending services
1
2
3
4
5
6

20. ORIENTATIONS TO THE UPCOMING PERIOD
Mobilize funds, new financial initiatives for coastal forest
protection and development; CC response (decision no. 1055/QĐ-
TTg…)
Propose siviculture interventions, select seedling, measurements
for coastal forest and mangrove and biodiversity (disaster
warning)
Mechanism on joint venture, co-management, forest environment
leasing; community forest management; REDD+, etc. for coastal
forest protection and development
Livelihoods of the communities involving in mangrove protection
(contracting for forest protection, agro-forestry, NTFPs)

21. ORIENTATIONS TO THE UPCOMING PERIOD
Effective economic models linking with coastal and mangrove
protection and development
Strengthen capacity, management skills of authorities; technology
application in management, forecast, monitor mangroves; CC
adaptation
Role of mangroves, coastal forest; study to provide basis for
benefit sharing mechanism, PFES for mangroves
Others: value chain-based development, increase forest quality;
contribution of coastal forests to local economic development