2. Women and men are partners in sustainability, but they do
not start out equal
• In both Sub-Saharan Africa and Asia, nationally representative data sets show
that women own less land, and have less secure land tenure, than men (Doss et
al. 2015; Kieran et al. 2015)
• These data sets also show that, while women may have claims to land under
customary law, their documented land rights are much weaker
3. DHS sole ownership in Africa (2009 – 2013)
Burundi (2010) Malawi (2010) Tanzania (2010) Uganda (2011) Lesotho (2009)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
86
81 80 79 77
73 72
63
53
47
11 13
23
12
8
12 14 11
7 5
50
25
43
28
46
22
9
22
Percentage of households owning any agricultural land
Women owning any land solely
Men owning any land solely
* *
Percentageowningland
Women in many African countries are less likely than men to have sole ownership of land
Mean: Household (71%), Men (31%), Women (12%) -- Ratio: 2.58
* data not available
4. DHS sole + joint ownership in Africa(2009 – 2013)
86
81 80 79 77
73 72
63
53
47
54 54
48
32 30
50
39
36 38
11
64
55 54 54
60
36 34
28
Percentage of households owning any agricultural land
Women owning any land (sole or joint)
* *
* data not available
Mean: Household (71%), Men (48%), Women (39%) -- Ratio:
1.23
The picture gets a bit better when you include self-reported joint ownership
12. Vietnam: Land use certificates (weighted)
0.72
0.63
0.15
0.37
Men Women Joint
12.8%
0.38
0.16
13. DHS Sole + Joint Ownership in Asia (2010-13)
0.12
0.29 0.23 0.25 0.14
0.42
0.29
0.23
0.02 0.17
0.15 0.15
0.13
0.1 0.02
0.36 0.26
0.2
0 0.02
0.68
0.36
0.57
0.68
Households owning agricultural land Women owning land jointly only
Women owning any land solely Men owning land jointly only
Men owning any land solely
54
% 51%
41%
58%
46%
33% 27% 31%
4%
Cambodia
(2010)
Indonesia
(2012)
Kyrgyz Republic
(2012)
Nepal
(2011)
Pakistan
(2012-13)
14. Why do gender gaps in land rights matter
for land restoration?
• In Ghana
• Women with less secure tenure secure are less like to leave land fallow to restore soil
fertility (Goldstein and Udry 2008)
• Women with more secure tenure are more likely to plant trees (Quisumbing et al. 2001)
• In Ethiopia
• Women plot managers with more secure tenure are more likely to plant trees and adopt
climate-smart agricultural practices (Quisumbing and Kumar 2014)
Notes de l'éditeur
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Mean: Household (71%), Men (48%), Women (39%) -- Ratio: 1.23
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This is an example from a nationally representative data set in Uganda, from the Living Standards Measurement Surveys-Integrated Surveys of Agriculture: comparing similar categories (documented and undocumented land rights), women own less land area than men do
Share as bar graph too
<number>
This is an example from a nationally representative data set in Uganda, from the Living Standards Measurement Surveys-Integrated Surveys of Agriculture: comparing similar categories (documented and undocumented land rights), women own less land area than men do
<number>
This chart keeps Nigeria land ownership classification separate. Nigeria LSMS-ISA asked about men, women, and joint right to sell/use land as collateral.
This chart does not include “owned, undocumented” category (only for Ethiopia, 41%) or “accessed” category (see next slide for this).
. Would it be possible to put slide 7 (including Uganda) into some kind of horizontal bar, with the data in the following order:
women’s sole land, undocumented,
women’s sole land, documented,
joint undocumented
Joint documented
Men’s sole undocumented
Men’s sole documented
<number>
This chart includes the last two categories of land ownership: “owned, undocumented” and “accessed”
Nigeria land ownership categories are separated “right to sell/use as collateral” for women, men, and joint
<number>
This is the simplest chart, with Nigeria data in with the categories of documented ownership, and no representation of accessed land or owned, undocumented
. Would it be possible to put slide 7 (including Uganda) into some kind of horizontal bar, with the data in the following order:
women’s sole land, undocumented,
women’s sole land, documented,
joint undocumented
Joint documented
Men’s sole undocumented
Men’s sole documented
<number>
Community-based effort, pictures of husband and wife on land certificate
<number>
. Would it be possible to put slide 7 (including Uganda) into some kind of horizontal bar, with the data in the following order:
women’s sole land, undocumented,
women’s sole land, documented,
joint undocumented
Joint documented
Men’s sole undocumented
Men’s sole documented
<number>
Note that numbers are updated here and in the following 4 slides
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Overall, similar story of inequality. 44% of men manage land compared to just 7% of women. Only 14% of land managers are women, which is the lowest of any country; but again, they manage about the same percentage of plots and land area. Women’s plots are smaller than men’s (0.64 vs 0.74 acres).
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Note that in Nepal, women’s joint ownership isn’t actually 0. It’s 0.4% so it rounds down to 0.
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Men know more than women about their land rights, although there is a lot of variation across regions
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Maybe a pic from one of the paralegal evaluations could go here? Ask Valerie Mueller or Lucy Billings?
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