Sustainable wildlife management: Guidance for a sustainable wild meat sector
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Presented by John Fa, from the Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR) and Manchester Metropolitan University, at the meeting of the Subsidiary Body on Scientific, Technical and Technological Advice (SBSTTA) in Montreal, Quebec (Canada) on December 11, 2017.
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Sustainable wildlife management: Guidance for a sustainable wild meat sector
- 1. Guidance for a Sustainable Wild Meat Sector SUSTAINABLE WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT TheAmazonandMadeirarivers;sketchesanddescriptionsfromthenote-bookofanexplorer,By:K,Franz,1875
- 2. Hunting of Wildlife is a Global Affair Hani Rocha El-Bizri
- 3. Reasons for Hunting Differs Hani Rocha El-Bizri
- 4. More than 50% protein intake for many communities worldwide In Tropical and Sub-Tropical Regions
- 5. In Tropical and Sub-Tropical Regions
- 6. MAMMALS POPULATION DECLINE UP TO 90% Hunted x Non-hunted (Peres, 2000) 10MILLION TONS/YEAR MAMMAL MEAT TROPICS(Fa et al. 2002; Nasi et al. 2011) 26% THREATENED (Ripple et al. 2016) Impact of Uncontrolled Hunting
- 7. Global Needs Plans for sustainable consumption Protect game species to promote food security Protect threatened species
- 8. Guidance to promote, implement and accelerate integrated action to: • Ensure the supply of wild meat is sustainably managed at the source; • Control the excessive demand of wild meat in towns and cities; • Create an enabling environment for the sustainable management of wild meat. Resolution Objectives
- 9. Aichi Biodiversity Targets (by 2020) – Target 4, sustainable production and consumption, keeping impacts of use of natural resources well within safe ecological limits. – Target 7, sustainable management of areas under agriculture, aquaculture and forestry, ensuring conservation of biodiversity. – Target 12, prevent the extinction of known threatened species and improve and sustain their conservation status, particularly of those most in decline. Sustainable Use of Components of Biological Diversity – Article 10 requires Parties, as far as possible and as appropriate actions identified in this note should be undertaken in the context of the 2050 Vision of the Strategic Plan for Biodiversity and the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. Global Policy Context
- 10. • Integrate conservation and sustainable use of biological resources into national decision-making; • Use biological resources to avoid or minimize adverse impacts on biological diversity; • Protect and encourage customary use of biological resources according to traditional cultural practices compatible with conservation or sustainable use requirements; • Support local populations develop and implement remedial action in degraded areas where biological diversity has been reduced; and • Encourage cooperation governmental authorities - private sector in developing methods for sustainable use of biological resources. Working Aims
- 11. Specific Solutions (Nasi et al. 2011) A. Manage and improve sustainability of wild meat supply at the source B. Reduce demand for unsustainably managed wild meat C. Create enabling conditions for a controlled, sustainable wild meat sector
- 12. Suggested Steps A. Manage/improve sustainability B. Reduce demand C. Create enabling conditions Review existing policies and legal framework Develop demand-reduction strategies, focussing on towns and cities Increase international collaboration Strengthen law enforcement capacity Increase the availability of substitutes Acknowledge the role of wild meat, where legitimate, and adapt national policy and legal frameworks accordingly Develop and strengthen participatory processes Decrease availability and demand for unsustainably produced wild meat Create regional and national monitoring frameworks for wild meat
- 13. Authors Lauren Coad (CIFOR / University of Sussex); John E. Fa (CIFOR / Manchester Metropolitan University); Nathalie Van Vliet (CIFOR); Katharine Abernethy (University of Stirling); Catalina Santamaria (SBSTTA-CBD), David Wilkie (Wildlife Conservation Society); Donna- Mareè Cawthorn (University of Salford); Robert Nasi (CIFOR). Acknowledgements The resolution document was prepared in response to a call from the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) Secretariat and under contract to the Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR).
- 14. References Fa, J. E., Currie, D. & Meeuwig, J. 2003. Bushmeat and food security in the Congo Basin: linkages between wildlife and people’s future. Environmental Conservation 30, 71-78. Nasi, R., Taber, A. & Van Vliet, N. (2011). Empty forests, empty stomachs? Bushmeat and livelihoods in the Congo and Amazon Basins. International Forestry Review 13, 355– 368.
Notes de l'éditeur
- This resolution document is a response to The Conference of the Parties, decision XIII/8 (para. 5(a)) in collaboration with other members of the Collaborative Partnership on Sustainable Wildlife Management. The aim of the document was to further elaborate technical guidance for better governance towards a more sustainable bushmeat sector, with a view to supporting Parties’ implementation of the Strategic Plan for Biodiversity 2011-2020.
- Wild animals are hunted for subsistence, commercial, and recreational purposes. In subsistence hunting, the benefits obtained from wildlife (particularly food) are directly consumed or used by the hunter and his or her family.
- Food security and livelihoods of many rural people in the tropics and subtropics depends on the use and trade of wild animals. Wild meat has long served as a source of nutrition for millions of people in many regions of the world, in both developed and developing countries.
- Indigenous peoples in tropical and sub-tropical regions maintain a strong connection to the environment through hunting, herding, fishing and gathering renewable resources. These practices provide the basis for food production and have endured over thousands of years, with cultural adaptations and the ability to utilize resources often associated with or affected by seasonal variation and changing ecological conditions.
- Growing human populations, advances in hunting technologies and the emergence of a booming commercial wild meat trade has driven increased exploitation of wildlife. Unprecedented extraction rates cause the decline of numerous wildlife populations and endanger foundation species critical to the functioning of ecosystems. Increased hunting pressure, alongside rising rates of habitat destruction and conversion in tropical forest regions, make it highly likely that wild meat supplies in some tropical and subtropical countries will diminish.
- The present document proposes joint approaches that can be applied to achieve sustainable use of wild meat in tropical and sub-tropical regions, but can be used to guide similar efforts in other parts of the world. The information therein supports continued dialogue, learning and methodological exchanges on sustainable wildlife management among forest, agriculture, natural resources, veterinary and public health, finance, rural development and legal sectors.
- The document comprises guidance to support the work of Parties as well as relevant organizations and initiatives to promote, implement and accelerate integrated action. Can be used by various ministries, decision makers, as well as planning and implementing agencies at the national level.