Communities Combating Illegal Wildlife Trade session six

Communities Combatting
Illegal Wildlife Trade
Online Learning Event Series
Event 6 of 7
©PhilipJ.Briggs

Highlights from Session 5
©PhilipJ.Briggs

IMPLEMENTER /
DESIGNER TOC
A. B. C. D.
COMMUNITY TOC
A. B. C. D.
3b. CONSTRUCT
IMPLEMENTER /
DESIGNER TOC
4a. COMMUNITY FIELDWORK
5. FEEDBACK WORKSHOP
KEY STAKEHOLDER
INTERVIEWS
4b. CONSTRUCT
COMMUNITY TOC
A. B. C. D.
BASELINE TOC
3a. IMPLEMENTER / DESIGNER
INTERVIEW
1. SCREENING /
SCOPING
2. INCEPTION
WORKSHOP
6. COMMUNICATE
LESSONS LEARNED
7. MONITOR &
ADAPT

IMPLEMENTER /
DESIGNER TOC
A. B. C. D.
Decreased pressure on species
from illegal wildlife trade
COMMUNITYTOC
A. B. D.C.
BASELINE TOC
A. B. C. D.

IMPLEMENTER /
DESIGNER TOC
A. B. C. D.
COMMUNITYTOC
A. B. D.C.
BASELINE TOC
A. B. C. D.
PROCESS

Exploration of pathways and their
assumptions by focus group

YOUTH
Tangible:
• Employment (scouts)
• Tourism
• Scholarships / bursaries
• selling of beadwork
Intangible
• Conserve for future
generations
• Wildlife supports a
healthy environment
• elephants shake the
tree and share the pods
with the other animals
• lions manage the
population of
ungulates, allowing
grass to be used by
livestock
• seed dispersal

Pathway ranking by focus group

Wildlife-Based Livelihoods
Women
Tangible:
• Bursaries
• Selling fruits and
vegetables to camps
• Beadwork
• Tourism marketplace
Men
Tangible:
• Money to educate
children
• Employment (scouts,
guides)
• Beadwork
• Honey
• Fruits to tourism facilities
• Tourism and research
camps
Intangible
• Grazing for livestock
• Security
• Healthy environment
Youth
Tangible:
• Employment (scouts)
• Tourism
• Scholarships / bursaries
• Selling of beadwork
Intangible
• Conserve for future
generations
• Wildlife supports a
healthy environment
• elephants shake the
tree and share the
pods with the other
animals
• lions manage the
population of
ungulates, allowing
grass to be used by
livestock
• seed dispersal

There are legal markets for wildlife and wildlife
products (e.g. including tourism)
WOMEN MEN YOUTH
Disagree:
• There is demand for
some products, but we,
as a community, do not
wish to engage in it
because it will destroy
the habitat.
Strongly disagree:
• Viewing tourism is
possible, but not much
else.
• People can use some
resources (medicinal
plants) for themselves
but not sell to others.
• There is no legal
domestic market for
wildlife - if # of wildlife in
conservancy grows, we
can give to others but
not sell.
Strongly agree:
• Research and tourism
markets

Women
PathwayB – Wildlife-basedbenefits
Men
Youth
Legal markets
exist

Group discussions
(within and among
focus groups)

Pathway Ranking across Focus
Groups
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
Pathway A Pathway B Pathway C Pathway D
Women
Men
Youth

Whole community pathway ranking

Stakeholder analysis
Stakeholder information
For each stakeholder, mark whether they have knowledge (K), authority
(A) or influence (I) on each category
Scale Notes
Contact
name
Email/phone
Interview
location
Background,
context, data
Pathway A Pathway B Pathway C Pathway D
National
Regional
Local
Practical information Information on area of ToC
National
Regional
Local
• Knowledge?
• Authority?
• Influence?

Key stakeholder interviews
• Purpose
• Deeper understanding of context at various scales, including status of
illegal wildlife trade, benefit flows, legal and institutional framework, etc.
• Validation of information coming out of implementer/designer and
community processes
• Timing
• Throughout the process, not just community field work
• Take the opportunity of community fieldwork to interview people on site
(make sure you build in enough time)
• Tools / content
• Focus on relevant pathway, e.g. law enforcement professional – focus on
Pathway A, lodge owner - focus on Pathway B, etc.
• Use ToC Testing tools as a starting place…i.e. series of statements to
guide discussion
• Ask for documentation (data, maps) where possible

What we
will be
covering in
this session

IMPLEMENTER /
DESIGNER TOC
A. B. C. D.
COMMUNITY TOC
A. B. C. D.
3b. CONSTRUCT
IMPLEMENTER /
DESIGNER TOC
4a. COMMUNITY FIELDWORK
5. FEEDBACK WORKSHOP
KEY STAKEHOLDER
INTERVIEWS
4b. CONSTRUCT
COMMUNITY TOC
A. B. C. D.
BASELINE TOC
3a. IMPLEMENTER / DESIGNER
INTERVIEW
1. SCREENING /
SCOPING
2. INCEPTION
WORKSHOP
6. COMMUNICATE
LESSONS LEARNED
7. MONITOR &
ADAPT
THIS SESSION

FLoD Methodology
Step 5: Feedback
Workshop

Reminder of the context for
these sessions
• Existing projects
• A focus on high-value illegal wildlife trade
• Based on FLoD Guidance & SAWC
materials, which provide much more detail,
as well as a number of teaching tools.
Session 7 will:
• Investigate how the methodology can be adapted to other contexts
• Explore the possibility for projectdesign

Methods & tools
Methods Tools
Meeting • FLoD introductory presentation (Long or
short)
• FLoD participant consent form
• FLoD baseline ToC and assumptions
• FLoD implementer/designer ToC
• FLoD community ToC
Step 5: Feedback Workshop

Resources required
Resource Needed
Personnel
• At least two core team members, although three
is preferred
• Local language interpreter
Materials • Laptop, power, projector, facilitation materials
Time
• Preparation: 2 days
• Feedback workshop: 2 days
• Follow up: 1-2 days

Objective & Sub-Objectives
The objective of Step 5 is to:
• Conduct a feedback workshop
The sub-objectives are to:
• Validate Community ToC
• Compare Implementer / Designer and Community ToC
• Identify areas of agreement and divergence
• Collaborate on ways forward

Tasks
1. Validate Community ToC
2. Overview the Community ToC
3. Overview the Implementer / Designer ToC
4. Identify and discuss key differences and
similarities
5. Explore and recommend the ways forward

Tasks
1. Validate Community ToC
Community and Implementor / Designers:
2. Overview the Community ToC
3. Overview the Implementer / Designer ToC
4. Identify and discuss key differences and
similarities
5. Explore and recommend the ways forward

Validating the Community ToC
• Have we got the story right?
• Has anything changed since our visit?
COMMUNITYTOC
A. B. D.C.
FLoD Team
Community
+

SUSTAINABLE WILDLIFE-BASED LAND USE SECURED
.
A.
Disincentivise
illegal killing
for IWT
C. Decrease the
cost living with
wildlife
Compensation
Fencing
B. Increase
incentives for
stewardship
Reduced killing
of wildlife
Reduced land
conversion
Improved wildlife habitat
quality and connectivity
Implementation of land use plans
More benefits
Wildlife remains a viable land use option; communities maintain land under wildlife and
continue to support wildlife conservation
M

Overview of Community &
Implementor / Designer ToCs
FLoD Team
+ +
COMMUNITYTOC
A. B. D.C.
IMPLEMENTER /
DESIGNER TOC
A. B. C. D.
Decreased pressure on species from
illegal wildlife trade

Identification and discussion on
key differences and similarities
FLoD TeamCommunity
+ +
Implementer
/ Designer

IMPLEMENTER /
DESIGNER TOC
A. B. C. D.
Decreased pressure on species from illegal wildlife
trade
COMMUNITYTOC
A. B. D.C.

Explore and recommend the ways
forward
FLoD TeamCommunity
+ +
Implementer
/ Designer
+
Other stakeholders:
policy influencers, tourism operators Current / potential donors

Outputs
By the end of Step 5, you should have the
following outputs:
• Validated Community ToC;
• Key areas of difference and similarity between
implementer/designer and community ToC and
• Ideas and recommendations for the ways
forward

Questions & Comments
©MicahConway

FLoD Methodology
Step 6: Communicate
Lessons Learned

Objectives
The objectives of Step 6 could include:
• Consolidating information
• Communicating information to stakeholders at various scales
• Community
• Implementer/Designer
• Donors
• Government agencies
• Partners and other stakeholders
• Etc.
• Influencing national policy
• Contributing to influencing international policy
Depends on the objectives of your implementation of FLoD
Step 6: Communicate Lessons Learned

Outputs
The outputs of Step 6 could include:
• A resource for the community and implementers / designers
as they move forward with activities on the ground
• Fact sheets
• Case studies
• Policy briefs
• Case study on People not Poaching
• Journal articles
• Revised project implementation plans
Again – it depends on the objectives of your
implementation of FLoD

We’d like to hear from you!
Please share with us your
experiences implementing FLoD
Submit case study to
www.peoplenotpoaching.org
holly.dublin@gmail.com
leo.niskanen@iucn.org
skinner.diane@gmail.com
dilys.roe@iied.org

Submitting a case study is
easy!
Download this template
from the People not
Poaching website or
email
olivia.wilsonholt@iied.org
I am happy to help!

FLoD Methodology
Step 7: Monitor &
Adapt

2.2 Implement
Actions
2.1 Plan
Actions
Transition
Zone
Ownership
transfer
2.3 Evaluate
Actions 3.2
Implement
Actions
3.4 Re-
contextualize
& Reconstruct
3.3 Evaluate
Actions
And on…
3.1 Re-contextualize
& Plan New Actions
Contextualize
&
Re-construct
Source: Modified from Rowe (2016)
A. B. C. D.
Decreased pressure on species from illegal
wildlife trade
Baseline ToC Adaptive process
FLoD Team Collective ownership
Step 7: Monitor & Adapt

General community feedback
Helped us:
• Learn how we needed more women and youth represented on the
committees, at meetings, and in employment
• Understand that we had been talking to a very narrow group of
leaders and there was a lot of the resistance in the population to
forming the conservancy
• Build a common theory of change that involves the community
• Understand the importance of politics in conservation
• Understand that we did not have sustainable funding for the
Conservancy
• Demystify the “expert” mentality (building a common ground for
wildlife protection)
• Develop a framework for our planning & implementation purposes

Increase disincentives for
participation in IWT
✓ Additional rangers to effectively combat illegal
wildlife trade
✓ Patrol vehicle and one motorbike purchased
✓ Engaging communities to discourage
traditional killings

Increase incentives for
wildlife stewardship
✓ Employed more women and have regular women’s
meetings
✓ Cultural boma entry fee increased from $20 to $25 per
client
✓ Engaged one more investor who is putting up tented camp
✓ Brought two new tourism partners into the area, to help
fund expansion of the conservancy
✓ Education scholarship introduced currently has four fully
sponsored students
✓ Built two classrooms and a new school
✓ Rental fee increased from $300 to $450 per member per
year

Decrease cost of living
with wildlife
✓ Electric fence established and completed to
separated agricultural land from conservancy
✓ Consolation program received a major boost
✓ Visiting affected people from injuries to death
to console them
✓ Quick response to incidents whenever they
occur by community members and the wildlife
authority
✓ Moved community living within the
Conservancy to inside the electric fence

Increase non-wildlife-
based livelihoods
✓ Introduction of quality breeding bulls to
conservancy members
✓ Heard and responded to community concerns
regarding the “conservancy cattle herd” plan
✓Community became aware of all the many
non-wildlife-based livelihoods they actually
had access to and it provided new ideas for
exploiting these opportunities

What has
the FLoD
team
learned?

The FLoD approach does…
• Enhance the FLoD team’s understanding of:
− The specific context, design, structure and
implementation approach of a project
• Enhance the understanding of the project implementers, the
communities and the FLoD team of:
− The implicit ToCs of both communities and implementers
(and differences between them)
− The reasons for success and failure of any particular
project
• Facilitate communication amongst community members and
between the community and project implementers, providing
a forum for the community to be ‘heard’ and to hear one
another

The FLoD approach can…
• Improve project implementation
• Enhance achievement of outcomes / impacts
• Provide lessons for:
• Other projects
• Local, national, regional and international policy
makers
• Enhance the impact of the global wildlife crime
response

Communities Combatting
Illegal Wildlife Trade
Final Comments or Questions?

Communities Combating Illegal Wildlife Trade session six

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Communities Combating Illegal Wildlife Trade session six