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War, Tradition and Modernism History of Germany  Lecture 7
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Schedule ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Freikorps  (free corps) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Organisations of front line soldiers ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Was will der Stahlhelm? Propaganda poster of the Stahlhelm Stahlhelm decoration  1925
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Different opinions ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
 
Hindenburg’s coffin is carried into the central courtyard of the monument
War memorials
Schedule ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Modernism A break from the past and a search for new expression. A faith in new technology and aesthetics to solve problems of society.
Expressionism ,[object Object],[object Object],Vassily Kandinsky, Der blaue Reiter
Otto Dix,  Flanders  (illustration for the novel  “The Fire"  by Henri Barbusse), 1934-36
Otto Dix,  Gesehen am Steilhang von Cléry-sur-Somme  (“As seen on the steep slope of Cléry-sur-Somme”) 1924
Otto Dix, Triptychon “ The War ”, 1929-32
 
“ Armament is necessary” John Heartfield 1932
 
Käthe Kollwitz, Pietà, 1937
Dada ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],Gino Severini. (Italian, 1883-1966).  Visual Synthesis of the Idea: "War" . 1914. Oil on canvas,
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George Grosz . Germany: a Winter's Tale.  1917/19. Oil on canvas. Whereabouts unknown.
What a b what a b what a beauty What a b what a b what a beauty What a b what a b what a a What a beauty beauty be What a beauty beauty be What a beauty beauty beauty be be be What a be what a b what a beauty What a b what a b what a a What a be be be be be What a be be be be be What a be be be be be be be a beauty be be be What a beauty. Kurt Schwitters
Lanke trr gll    pe pe pe pe pe              Ooka ooka ooka ooka  Lanke trr gll         pii pii pii pii pii              züüka züüka züüka züüka III    Lanke trr gll         Rrmm         Rrnnf III    Lanke trr gll          Ziiuu lenn trll?          Lümpff tümpff trll III    Lanke trr gll          Rrumpff tilff too III    Lanke trr gll         Ziiuu lenn trll?         Lümpff tümpff trll III       Lanke trr gll   Kurt Schwitters, Ursonate, 3rd part: Scherzo (extract)                                                                   KS by El Lissitsky 1924                                                                                                                                                            
Oskar Maria Graf
Russian influence before the revolution Vassily Kandinsky
Kasimir Malevich, The Black Square
Vladimir Tatlin: Model of the Monument to the Third International Soviet Influence
1923 Kasimir Malevich Wedding dish 1924
Schedule ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Die neue Sachlichkeit (New Objectivity) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
 
Ornament is a waste of the energy of labour, and therefore a waste of health…Today it also means squandered material and squandered capital…The modern person, the person with modern nerves, does not need ornament, on the contrary, he detests it. - Adolf Loos  Ornament and Crime  1908
Form follows function The American sculptor Horatio Greenough, popularised by the American architect Louis Henri Sullivan
Less is more. - Mies van der Rohe Architects and designers approached design by methods that reduced all unnecessary elements.
It is agreed, we refuse to duplicate handmade works, historical style forms, and other materials for production. - Peter Behrens, 1907 Rejection of historical and handmade artefacts – they are to be replaced by new technologies and materials.
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The Famous Designers •  Walter Gropius –  Architect and founder of the architectural program •  Mies van der Rohe –  Architect and furniture designer •  Marcel Breuer –  Designer of “machine-age furniture”
Walter Gropius •  1919 - 1928 director of the Bauhaus •  His aim was to bring together all creative efforts into one whole, to reunify all the disciplines of practical art — painting, sculpture, handicrafts and the crafts. There should be no distinction between monumental and decorative art. •  He believed that the student must know the crafts — each student had to work in the workshop to familiarise themselves with materials and construction in order to learn how to design properly.
Marcel Breuer •  Designed tubular steel Wassily chair inspired by bicycle handles •  The chair was designed for his artist friend Wassily Kandinsky
Mies van der Rohe •  Designed the German Pavilion for the 1929 International Exposition in Barcelona, Spain •  Used the open plan inspired by Wright •  Ornamentation was only through the textures of natural materials •  Combines marble floors, polished steel columns, screen walls of glass and polished marble
 
The Weissenhof Estate, Stuttgart 1927
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Conclusion ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

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War - tradition and modernism in germany

  • 1. War, Tradition and Modernism History of Germany Lecture 7
  • 2.
  • 3.
  • 4.
  • 5.
  • 6. Was will der Stahlhelm? Propaganda poster of the Stahlhelm Stahlhelm decoration 1925
  • 7.
  • 8.
  • 9.  
  • 10. Hindenburg’s coffin is carried into the central courtyard of the monument
  • 12.
  • 13. Modernism A break from the past and a search for new expression. A faith in new technology and aesthetics to solve problems of society.
  • 14.
  • 15. Otto Dix, Flanders (illustration for the novel “The Fire" by Henri Barbusse), 1934-36
  • 16. Otto Dix, Gesehen am Steilhang von Cléry-sur-Somme (“As seen on the steep slope of Cléry-sur-Somme”) 1924
  • 17. Otto Dix, Triptychon “ The War ”, 1929-32
  • 18.  
  • 19. “ Armament is necessary” John Heartfield 1932
  • 20.  
  • 22.
  • 23.
  • 24.
  • 25.
  • 26.  
  • 27.  
  • 28. George Grosz . Germany: a Winter's Tale. 1917/19. Oil on canvas. Whereabouts unknown.
  • 29. What a b what a b what a beauty What a b what a b what a beauty What a b what a b what a a What a beauty beauty be What a beauty beauty be What a beauty beauty beauty be be be What a be what a b what a beauty What a b what a b what a a What a be be be be be What a be be be be be What a be be be be be be be a beauty be be be What a beauty. Kurt Schwitters
  • 30. Lanke trr gll    pe pe pe pe pe             Ooka ooka ooka ooka Lanke trr gll        pii pii pii pii pii             züüka züüka züüka züüka III  Lanke trr gll        Rrmm        Rrnnf III  Lanke trr gll         Ziiuu lenn trll?         Lümpff tümpff trll III  Lanke trr gll         Rrumpff tilff too III  Lanke trr gll        Ziiuu lenn trll?        Lümpff tümpff trll III    Lanke trr gll  Kurt Schwitters, Ursonate, 3rd part: Scherzo (extract)                                                                   KS by El Lissitsky 1924                                                                                                                                                            
  • 32. Russian influence before the revolution Vassily Kandinsky
  • 33. Kasimir Malevich, The Black Square
  • 34. Vladimir Tatlin: Model of the Monument to the Third International Soviet Influence
  • 35. 1923 Kasimir Malevich Wedding dish 1924
  • 36.
  • 37.
  • 38.  
  • 39. Ornament is a waste of the energy of labour, and therefore a waste of health…Today it also means squandered material and squandered capital…The modern person, the person with modern nerves, does not need ornament, on the contrary, he detests it. - Adolf Loos Ornament and Crime 1908
  • 40. Form follows function The American sculptor Horatio Greenough, popularised by the American architect Louis Henri Sullivan
  • 41. Less is more. - Mies van der Rohe Architects and designers approached design by methods that reduced all unnecessary elements.
  • 42. It is agreed, we refuse to duplicate handmade works, historical style forms, and other materials for production. - Peter Behrens, 1907 Rejection of historical and handmade artefacts – they are to be replaced by new technologies and materials.
  • 43.
  • 44. The Famous Designers • Walter Gropius – Architect and founder of the architectural program • Mies van der Rohe – Architect and furniture designer • Marcel Breuer – Designer of “machine-age furniture”
  • 45. Walter Gropius • 1919 - 1928 director of the Bauhaus • His aim was to bring together all creative efforts into one whole, to reunify all the disciplines of practical art — painting, sculpture, handicrafts and the crafts. There should be no distinction between monumental and decorative art. • He believed that the student must know the crafts — each student had to work in the workshop to familiarise themselves with materials and construction in order to learn how to design properly.
  • 46. Marcel Breuer • Designed tubular steel Wassily chair inspired by bicycle handles • The chair was designed for his artist friend Wassily Kandinsky
  • 47. Mies van der Rohe • Designed the German Pavilion for the 1929 International Exposition in Barcelona, Spain • Used the open plan inspired by Wright • Ornamentation was only through the textures of natural materials • Combines marble floors, polished steel columns, screen walls of glass and polished marble
  • 48.  
  • 49. The Weissenhof Estate, Stuttgart 1927
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Notes de l'éditeur

  1. To the Dadaists, progress (including reason and logic) had led to the disaster of world war. They believed that the only way forward was through political anarchy, the natural emotions, the intuitive and the irrational.
  2. The Dada movement was the exact opposite in philosophy from the Futurists. The Futurists believed that mechanization, revolution, and war were the rational and logical means to the solution of human problems.
  3. The origins of the term Dada aren’t known…it can mean a child’s rocking horse…da, da also means “yes” in German and several other languages, in French it means “an event or obsession.” Whatever its origin, it is the central mocking symbol of the attack on established movements that characterized early 20 th century art.
  4. Dada was a search for new vision and content that went beyond any frivolous desire to outrage the bourgeoisie It affected art, literature, music and theatre…the fantastic and absurd arose! Dada’s serious intent: to make a critical reexamination of the traditions, premises, rules, logical bases, even the concepts of order, coherence and beauty