3. OUTLINE
1. Introduction
2. Defining Computer-Mediated Communication
3. CMC in Language Education
3.1. The Pedagogical Benefits of CMC
3.2. The Benefits of CMC in Language Development
4. Conclusion
5. References
4. 1. Introduction
♦ The internet-based and
computer-mediated tools can be
considered as the most recent step in
the development of communication
technologies.
♦ This development has brought
about some changes in our social life
and daily practices.
1. Introduction
2. Defining Computer-
Mediated
Communication
3. CMC in Language
Education
3.1. The Pedagogical
Benefits of CMC
3.2. The Benefits of CMC
in Language
Development
4. Conclusion
5. References
5. 2. Defining Computer-Mediated Communication
According to Lee (2002), there is a large
repertoire of terms which can be used to refer to
communication that is mediated by the computer
and the Internet.
● Virtual communication
● Online communication
● Electronic communication
● Cyber communication
● Cyber conversation …etc.
1. Introduction
2. Defining Computer-
Mediated
Communication
3. CMC in Language
Education
3.1. The Pedagogical
Benefits of CMC
3.2. The Benefits of CMC
in Language
Development
4. Conclusion
5. References
6. 2. Defining Computer-Mediated Communication
It was first coined by Hiltz and Turoff
in 1978.
Luppicini (2007) defines the concept
of CMC as ‘’communications, mediated by
interconnected computers and/or any
device, between individuals or groups
separated in space and/or time’’ in
(Nguyen, 2008: 23).
1. Introduction
2. Defining Computer-
Mediated
Communication
3. CMC in Language
Education
3.1. The Pedagogical
Benefits of CMC
3.2. The Benefits of
CMC in Language
Development
4. Conclusion
5. References
7. 2. Defining Computer-Mediated Communication
CMC, then, involves the
exchange of information between two
or more people in textual, audio,
and/or video formats that are
transmitted and controlled by the use
computer and telecommunication
technology, namely the Internet.
1. Introduction
2. Defining Computer-
Mediated
Communication
3. CMC in Language
Education
3.1. The Pedagogical
Benefits of CMC
3.2. The Benefits of
CMC in Language
Development
4. Conclusion
5. References
8. 3. CMC in Language Education
Research reveals that the integration
of computer-mediated communication
(CMC) into EFL teaching and learning
can increase both input (exposure) and
output (use) of the target language that is
needed to help learners develop their
communicative competence.
1. Introduction
2. Defining Computer-
Mediated
Communication
3. CMC in Language
Education
3.1. The Pedagogical
Benefits of CMC
3.2. The Benefits of
CMC in Language
Development
4. Conclusion
5. References
9. 3.1. The Pedagogical Benefits of CMC
Since its first application in the
educational environment, computer-
mediated communication has been believed
to offer a number of pedagogical benefits.
Nguyen has compiled some of them in an
article which was published on December
2008 in the International Journal of
Instructional Technology.
1.Introduction
2. Defining Computer-
Mediated
Communication
3. CMC in Language
Eduacation
3.1. The Pedagogical
Benefits of CMC
3.2. The Benefits of
CMC in Language
Development
4. Conclusion
5. References
10. 3.1. The Pedagogical Benefits of CMC
Research has found that the use of CMC
tools for educational purposes is more likely to:
♦ Increase learners’ motivation
♦ Support active learning
♦ Promote reflective learning
♦ Enhance learner autonomy
♦ Foster collaborative learning
♦ Increase interactive communication and exposure to
the TL
♦ Create opportunities to participate in the target
sociocultural context
♦ Promote social equality and identity
1.Introduction
2. Defining Computer-
Mediated
Communication
3. CMC in Language
Eduacation
3.1. The Pedagogical
Benefits of CMC
3.2. The Benefits of
CMC in Language
Development
4. Conclusion
5. References
11. 3.1. The Pedagogical Benefits of CMC
1.Introduction
2. Defining Computer-
Mediated
Communication
3. CMC in Language
Eduacation
3.1. The Pedagogical
Benefits of CMC
3.2. The Benefits of
CMC in Language
Development
4. Conclusion
5. References
12. 3.2. The Benefits of CMC in Language Development
Studies conducted on the
use of CMC in language education
report that CMC is a student-
centered tool in language learning
as it facilitates interaction,
discussion, and collaboration
among learners from different
backgrounds.
1.Introduction
2. Defining Computer-
Mediated
Communication
3. CMC in Language
Eduacation
3.1. The Pedagogical
Benefits of CMC
3.2. The Benefits of
CMC in Language
Development
4. Conclusion
5. References
13. 3.2. The Benefits of CMC in Language Development
♦Metalinguistic aspects
CMC tools facilitates interaction
and negotiation of meaning. Language
learners reflect less anxiety and
increase self-esteem during electronic
communication than in face-to-face
interaction. This encourages reluctant
ones to participate in oral discussions.
1.Introduction
2. Defining
Computer-Mediated
Communication
3. CMC in Language
Eduacation
3.1. The Pedagogical
Benefits of CMC
3.2. The Benefits of
CMC in Language
Development
4. Conclusion
5. References
14. 3.2. The Benefits of CMC in Language Development
♦ Language areas and components
Abrams (2003) argues that
students produce more language in
CMC environments than in face-to-
face interaction.
Shang (2007) states that CMC
tools, both synchronous and
asynchronous, promote written
accuracy and sentence complexity.
1.Introduction
2. Defining
Computer-Mediated
Communication
3. CMC in Language
Eduacation
3.1. The Pedagogical
Benefits of CMC
3.2. The Benefits of
CMC in Language
Development
4. Conclusion
5. References
15. 3.2. The Benefits of CMC in Language Development
♦Language skills
Both written and spoken language
skills are developed through CMC in
language learning. Authentic CMC is
believed to enhance the writing skill because
learners are allowed more time, more
autonomy, and more opportunity to
brainstorm and discuss the topic among
groups in comparison with in-class teacher-
fronted writing classes (Davis and Thiede,
2000) in (Nguyen, 2008).
1.Introduction
2.Defining Computer-
Mediated
Communication
3. CMC in Language
Eduacation
3.1. The Pedagogical
Benefits of CMC
3.2. The Benefits of
CMC in Language
Development
4. Conclusion
5. References
16. 3.2. The Benefits of CMC in Language Development
Pennington (2004) asserts that
electronic writing tools, the word
processor as a case in point, are
efficient in enabling learners to easily
compose and revise texts and to check
spelling, and grammar. This can
enhance their confidence in their ability
to write better and generate more
written products.
1.Introduction
2.Defining Computer-
Mediated
Communication
3. CMC in Language
Eduacation
3.1. The Pedagogical
Benefits of CMC
3.2. The Benefits of
CMC in Language
Development
4. Conclusion
5. References
17. 3.2. The Benefits of CMC in Language Development
Hubbard (2004) has the
same view arguing that CMC
tools such as audio and video
conferencing can be used to
develop learners' speaking
proficiency (Larsari, 2011).
1.Introduction
2.Defining Computer-
Mediated
Communication
3. CMC in Language
Eduacation
3.1. The Pedagogical
Benefits of CMC
3.2. The Benefits of
CMC in Language
Development
4. Conclusion
5. References
18. 4. Conclusion
To conclude, not only does
CMC boost students’ attention to
linguistic forms, but it also
stimulates increased written
production of the target language
besides creating a less stressful and
more equitable environment for
discussion.
1.Introduction
2.Defining Computer-
Mediated
Communication
3.CMC in Language
Eduacation
3.1.The Pedagogical
Benefits of CMC
3.2. The Benefits of
CMC in Language
Development
4. Conclusion
5. References
19. 5. References
Bubas, G. (2001). Computer-mediated
communication theories and phenomena: Factors that
influence collaboration over the internet. A paper
submitted for the 3rd CARNet users Conference. Zagreb,
September 24th-26th.
Hata, M. (2003). Literature review: Using computer-
mediated communication in second language classrooms.
Osaka Keidai Ronshu, 54 (3), 115-125.
20. Herring, S. C. (1996). Introduction. In Herring, S. C (Ed),
Computer-Mediated Communication: Linguistic, Social and Cross-
cultural Perspective, 1-10. Amsterdam: Benjamins. Retrieved March
20th, 2013, from http://ella.slis.indiana.edu/herring/CMC. Intro. Pdf.
Larsari, V. N. (2011). Computer-mediated communication: The
use of CMC to promote learners’ communication competence. The
Criterion: An International Journal in English, 2 (2), 1-10.
Lee, K. M. C. (2002). Literacy practices in computer-mediated
communication in Hong Kong. The Reading Matrix, 2 (2), 1-25.
21. Nguyen, V. L. (2008). Computer-mediated communication and
foreign language education: Pedagogical features. International
Journal of Instructional Technology and Distance Learning, 5 (12),
23-42.
O’Connor, A. (2005). Instant messaging: Friend or foe of
student writing. Retrieved May 29th, 2013, from
http://www.newhorizons.org/strategies/literacy/oconnor.html.
Rivoltella, P. C. (2008). Digital Literacy: Tools and
Methodologies for Information Society. New York: IGI Publishing,
Harshey.
