An overview given in this presentation about the local Governance systems followed in many regions with main countries examples, Although it can not be generalized to over all systems but these are major system followed with changes according to counties and regions creed,social norms and culture etc.

1. Local Governance setup around the globe
Presented by:
Ali Imran

2. Local Governance
Local government is a form of public
administration which, in a majority of contexts, exists as
the lowest tier of administration within a given state.
Different type of state systems
Unitary state. All powers reside in a central
sovereign parliament. Power is not shared.
Federal state. Constituted by sovereign
units. Power is state. Prepared to devolve some
powers to regional divided between one central and
several regional governments
Decentralized elected institutions while
retaining sovereignty in its central parliament
.

3. Different local governance systems
Multiple system are followed around the
globe, but mainly under mentioned system
are main and followed with few changes
and different regions and countries.
 Federal decentralization
 Unitary system (British system)
 Prefect system (Napoleon/French model)
 Communist system
 Post colonial system

4. Federal Decentralization

5. Most decentralized system
All system are not federal (with
few changes adopted by many
countries)
Authorities given to regional govt
Decision making powers granted
to regional and local authorities
Less involvement of main govt
Local bodies are more
participatory agents
Fiscal autonomy also given to
local authorizes
Federal System

6.  Mainly divided in 3 sections
(county,munciplties,district or town)
 Members elected by local peoples through
election
 Mayor/council head selected by members
among the members
 Head of councils had power to make
decision policy and fund allocation
 Council members help the head to make
good decision in favor of community
 the closeness of supervision by
administrative agencies of regional
governments varies
SETUP

7. Pros
 Efficiency: local knows better than
central
 Government Effectiveness: Public
service delivery
 Democracy and participation
 Geography: Too wide to cover
centrally
 the sense of involvement and the
level of participation are high

8. Cons
 Make macroeconomic stabilization policy difficult
 Fiscal problem: think of local government borrowing
 Regional inequality
 Increase in malgovernance
 More corruption?

9. Q&A

10. Unitary System
(British System)

11. Setup and working
 State governed as one single power.
 Central Government is supreme.
 Administrative divisions exercise only powers that their
central government chose to delegate.
 Subnational units are created and their powers may be
narrowed, by central government.
 Political power is delegated through devolution to local
government by statute, the central government remains
supreme.

12. DEMERITS
 Fails in multi-racial states
 Urban supremacy
 Despotism in government
 Less democratic form of government

13. MERITS
 Unitary system is strong and powerful
 Simple form of government
 Uniform laws
 Simple structure
 Less expansive
 Unitary form of government is flexible system

14. United kingdom
 Four main States , England ,north Ireland,
walls and Scotland
 In London there is an elected assembly and
mayor.
 Excluding London, the UK has two different
patterns of local government.
 There is a county council responsible of
services such as education, waste
management and strategic planning.
 Within county there are several non-
metropolitan district councils are
responsible for services such as housing,
waste collection and local planning.
Capital: London
Dialing code: +44
Population: 64.1
million (2013)
Queen: Elizabeth
II
Prime minister: David
Cameron
Currency: Pound
sterling
Chancellor: Chris Leslie

15. Community
Councilor
s
Mayor
 Head of council
• Meeting head
• Ceremonial seat
• Low decision
powers
(If appointed by
councilors)
Mayor
Gov. Board of Local
Governance

16. Saudi Arabia
 There are three levels of local
government in the Kingdom of Saudi
Arabia: the city council, the municipal
council and the municipality.
 The city council is the highest level of
local government.
 The municipality is the third level of
local government. (178 municipalities)
 Each municipality is run by its city's
mayor.
 As a collective the kingdom's
municipalities make up the Ministry of
Municipality and Rural Affairs.
Capital: Riyad
h
Dialing code: +966
ISO code: SAU
Currency: Saudi
riyal
Continent: Asia
Population: 28.83
million (2013)

17. State governor
Sub district
councils
District council
Advisory council
(15 members)
• Head of
state l.g
• Head of
state
police
• Head of
state
national
guards
• Directly
reported
to King
King
Ministry of
Municipality and
Rural Affairs.
Officials by Govt. with local
bodies
Officials by Govt. with
local bodies

18. Q&A

19. Napoleon system
(prefect system)

20. Government decentralization
 Political
 Administrative

21. Political Decentralization
 Associated with representative government
 Influence in the formulation and implementation of
laws and policies.
 Increased power for legislatures
 Creation of local political units.
 Encouragement of advocacy groups

22. Administrative
Decentralization
DE concentration
Shifts responsibility for decision-making, from officials
of central governments to those in existing district.
Delegation
passes down responsibility for decision-making, finance and
implementation of certain public functions to semi-
autonomous organizations not wholly controlled by the
central government, but ultimately accountable to it

23.  Devolution
transfers all responsibility for decision-making, finance
and implementation of certain public functions to the
sub-national level, such as a regional, local, or state
government.
 Divestment,
privatization, may mean merely contracting out
services to private companies.

24. Pros
 Efficiency: local knows better than
central
 Government Effectiveness: Public service
delivery
 Political:
 Diversity
 Democracy and participation
 Geography: Too wide to cover centrally

25. Cons
 Make macroeconomic stabilization policy difficult
 Fiscal problem: think of local government borrowing
 Regional inequality
 Increase in malgovernance
 More corruption?

26. Decentralized power to local bodies
Authorities divided into 3 tiers at local
level administration
states
regions
territories
Institutional powers division but political
power centralized
Prefect system for monitoring
Keep final authorizes at centralized level
Interior ministry is responsible for
authorization in fiscal decision
Franc
Capital: Pa
ris
Dialing code: +33
President: Fran
çois Hollande
Prime
minister: Manuel
Valls
Population: 66.03
million (2013)

27. Community
Councilors
Mayor of
municipals
Prefects
(monitors)
Interior ministry
No fiscal
autonomy
Helper in
decision making
to prefect
Ceremonial head
Put the
suggestion and
proposal forward
by councilors
Final decision
Limited fiscal
autonomy
Answerable
to interior
ministry

29. Q&A

30. Communist local
governance
system

31. SETUP And Working
Deconcentratiori of authority rather
than decentralization
Agency of central govt.
functions as an integral element of
the hierarchical administrative
system of the state
Local independence is narrow
Role in economic activities infinitely
more extensive than in capitalist
nations.
Main control by communist party

32.  Communist system utilizes the local party to
carry out the program of the national party
leaders.
 Officials are elected by the central command
and local head also there for assistance
 officials are well aware of responsibilities and
duties
 Very low chances of violation of duties and
corruption because strict action taken by party
central command
 Close supervision on economic issues and
decision taken by central command
 Basic necessities are free and same for all
classes of community

33. Cons
Authority given to single hands
Less participation of citizen
Community development decision
made on the bases of party head
or local controller will
Davison of resources based on
personal interactions
More focusing on economic
development for central Gov.,
instead of community development
Fiscal authority in hand of central
command

34. Russian Local
governance system
• Sub division into many tiers
• Municipal
• Urban and rural settlements
• Mayor by Central govt (look
after and having decision
making Capital territory
• powers)
• Local community members as
part of mayor council
• No freedom to local council
• Authorities are very low
• Local participation very low
Capital: Moscow
Area: 6.602 million sq
miles
Population: 143.5 million
(2013)
President: Vladimir
Putin
Currency: Russian ruble
Prime minister: Dmitry
Medvedev

35. Head/mayor
Central command
of ruling party
Community
Municipalities’
members
Head by central
committeeCeremonial
head
Dy. for
central
command
member
No authority
Decision power
Limited fiscal
autonomy
Directed by
central command
Mostly command
interest
Appoint head in provincial, district
and municipal level

36. Chinese system
 The communes are at once instruments of
economic planning, educational and
cultural activity
 Divided in to four levels
(township, county, prefecture or municipal
ity, and the province)
 At each level are two important officials
 the Party chief or the Party Secretary,
acts as the policy maker
 head of the local People's
Government(elected by people) called
a governor, mayor
 provide for greater autonomy by the ethnic
group majority that inhabits the region.
 Authority remains in hands of party figure
 Elected figured only can suggest or
advised and carried out ceremonial duties.
Capital: Beijing
Population: 1.357 billion
(2013)
Currency: Renminbi
President: Xi Jinping
GDP per capita: 6,807.43
USD (2013)
Gross domestic
product: 9.24 trillion USD
(2013)