Introduction to XML
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This introduction is part of the DH101 course. Check dh101.ch
![[STANDARD]
XML
#DH101](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/xml-121022160904-phpapp01/85/Introduction-to-XML-1-320.jpg)
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Introduction to XML
- 1. [STANDARD] XML #DH101
- 2. What is XML and what is it good for ? #DH101
- 3. XML stands for eXtensibile Markup Language #DH101
- 4. To write in XML you write text with tags : <atag> my text </atag> #DH101
- 5. This can be done in any text editor. #DH101
- 6. XML is a W3C recommandation. #DH101
- 7. 4 characteristics #DH101
- 8. 1. XML is used to describe data, not to display them. XML does nothing. It describes. #DH101
- 9. 2. XML tags are not prede!ned. You can de!ne your own tags. This gives you a lot of freedom to describe the structure you want to describe. #DH101
- 10. 3. When you are satis!ed with your structure, you can !x our XML language by writing a DTD (Document Type Description). Thus, XML permits both "uidity and then rigor. #DH101
- 11. 4. XML is designed to be self- descriptive and “easily” readable. It is used to write “pivotal” descriptions in production chains. #DH101
- 12. Genealogy of XML #DH101
- 13. In the 50s, the !rst computers could not communicate with one another, if they were from di#erent brands. #DH101
- 14. In the 60s, IBM creates GML (Generalized Markup Language) to enable data exchanges and make the data structure explicit. #DH101
- 15. This is a great success. It becomes a standard : SGML (Standard Generalized Markup Language). The US fed gov. adopts it. #DH101
- 16. In the 90s, Tim Berners-Lee at CERN creates the HTML language using a subset of SGML. #DH101
- 17. HTML get specialized in displaying data but does not impose a standard way for describing data. #DH101
- 18. A group of researchers imagines another language to do this. The !rst version of XML is ready in 1998. #DH101
- 19. XML vs HTML #DH101
- 20. XML is a markup language like HTML. #DH101
- 21. XML is not a replacement of HTML. The two languages have di#erent goals. #DH101
- 22. XML is for the transport and the description of structured data. HTML is for the display and layout of data. #DH101
- 23. XML does nothing. It just describes. #DH101
- 24. XML is like a database in plain text. #DH101
- 25. Structure of an XML !le #DH101
- 26. XML Element <TAG>Text</TAG> Opening tag Content Closing tag
- 27. <BOOK> <TITLE>Da Vinci Code</TITLE> <AUTHOR>Dan Brown</AUTHOR> <YEAR>2003</YEAR> </BOOK>
- 28. With XML, you can create your own tags. #DH101
- 29. <BOOK> <TITLE>Da Vinci Code</TITLE> <AUTHOR>Dan Brown</AUTHOR> <YEAR>2003</YEAR> <STARS>4</STARS> </BOOK>
- 30. An XML !le starts with the version of XML used to describe the data and the text encoding format. #DH101
- 31. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?> <BOOK> <TITLE>Da Vinci Code</TITLE> <AUTHOR>Dan Brown</AUTHOR> <YEAR>2003</YEAR> </BOOK> ISO-8859-1 = Latin-1/West European character set
- 32. An XML document is organized like a tree. #DH101
- 33. <BOOK> <FRONT> <TITLE>... </TITLE> <AUTHOR>...</AUTHOR> </FRONT> <BODY> <PART> <CHAPTER>...</CHAPTER> </PART> </BODY> </BOOK>
- 34. DTD #DH101
- 35. A well-formed XML document follows the general rules of XML syntax. #DH101
- 36. A valid XML document follows the speci!c rules written in a DTD (Document Type Description) #DH101
- 37. <!DOCTYPE BOOK [ <!ELEMENT BOOK (TITLE,AUTHOR,YEAR)> <!ELEMENT TITLE (#PCDATA)> <!ELEMENT AUTHOR (#PCDATA)> <!ELEMENT YEAR (#PCDATA)> ]>
- 38. To use a DTD is not mandatory. #DH101
- 39. A DTD permits to agree on common XML dialect. #DH101
- 40. Some software permit to check whether an XML !le is valid compared to a given DTD. #DH101
- 41. Displaying XML #DH101
- 42. The way an XML !le is displayed can be speci!ed in a CSS stylesheet. #DH101
- 43. BOOK { display: block; margin-bottom: 30pt; margin-left: 0; } TITLE { display: block; color: #FF0000; font-size: 40pt; margin-left: 20pt; } AUTHOR { display: block; color: #0000FF; font-size: 30pt; margin-left: 20pt; } YEAR { display: block; color: #000000; font-size: 30pt; margin-left: 20pt; }
- 45. A document can also be transformed using an XSLT script. This is now the recommended method #DH101
- 46. XML >> #DH101
- 47. XML permits to separate form from content by identifying structures reccurent to several documents. #DH101
- 48. Transformation Target Target Source Engine XML InDesign Indesign XSLT XSL-FO/PDF Paper / PDF ebook XHTML website XML Tablet ePub Webapp Reader Smartphone TXT MP3 player XML TEI / Doc Book Computer systems
- 49. >> XML #DH101
- 50. Word Database XML Scanned document Sensors ...