Swopner istehar 1st edition

÷epÈr †eó»H ar
pãTm bàx , pãTm s„KYa

pãTm pãkaS W ŸPbã›yarI , 2007

pãkaSk W ŸlKkm¸lIÃara pãkaiSt

sÚpadk W Vmra sba†

pã¬Cd iSæpIW tpn B´acaàZ

muÅk W ma suelKa ipãÆFaàs,fak™rpuk™r

†-Ÿml W amadermgazine@gmail.com

weybsa†F W www.swopneristehar.tk

muKbÉ

…† pataFaek brabr "kát¯ta pãkaS' ilKet bYbHar kra Hy|bla Zay
…Fa† Ÿrwyaj ikÜa FäYaihSn|Vmaedr bysFaet Ÿrwyaj§elaek Vmra
brabr† …kFu seÆdeHr ŸcaeK ŸdeK …esiC-teb ikCu Ÿrwyaj eta ŸTek
Zay ŸZ§ela pUàbsUirra ŸCeR Zan BabIkaelr jnY-Za ŸTek otrI Hy
…kFa ŸgaFa prÚpra-Ÿs§elaek AgãaHY ker Ÿs† saDY kar?…†
ŸrwyajFaw Ÿsrkm-Ÿs† manux§elar pircy samen tuel Vnar Zara
pàdar VRal ŸTek …mn ikCu klkaif ŸneR Zay,ŸZ§ela CaRa smó»
pãecñaFar† AkalmâtuY Ht-widek la†mla†eFr tlar klak™SlIra Zid
ŸmOiKk DnYbad janay,ŸsFa tara ŸHes† ˆiRey Ÿdy-"Vim Vr …mn ik
krlam?' bel|ta† Ÿkbl Ÿrwyaejr beS ny-…† kát¯ta§elaek
pãkaS na kra ŸPOjdarI ApraD Ht|
Aenk bYbHaer i£eS Hey Zawya DnYbadFa ta† nIecr sbÕa†ek-

1>ŸsOir,AnnYa,tuil,÷àNalI,AàNb,tnuSãI,Ÿdbrœpa,
Ÿdba²n(das),Ÿdba²n(srkar),
b Õúda,sum˜l …b„ Vera Aenkek wedr Aenk AnuepãrNa …b„
ViàTk,manisk Vr SarIirk sHeZaigtar jnY

2>Vmaedr baiRr smó» Ÿlakjnek - iniàÃDay Ak™Ë ÷aDInta Ÿdwyar
jnY

3>bornosoft …b„ macromedia kàtâpQek bornosoft Vr
freehand -r meta AsaDarN dueFa software- …r jnY

4>Vr sbeSex Google kàtâpQek orkut Vr gmail -…r jnY ....
…dueFa sa†Fú na Takel …mn Aenek imel mYagaijnFa Ÿbr kra†
Hetana-Zara sba† sba†ek ŸcaeK† ŸdeKin

…Fa Vmaedr pãTm pãyas| Hyeta …kFa clar ìr›-Hyeta samanY …kFa
pdeQp|teb samen …kFa pT ŸdKa Zae¬C beF|ŸdKa† Zakúna-pƒacalIFa
ŸkaTay gRay?Vmaedr …† samanY pdeQpFuk™ Zid Vpnaedr samanY-
w Bal laeg taHel Vmaedr pãecña saàTk men krb| Vpnaedr
mUlYban mtametr pãtYaSay r†lam ...
amadermgazine@gmail.com |

sUcIpº

cli¬cºc‚rI
du† ûjuerr geÑa ŸkOó»B BácaàZY 7

geÑa-seÑa
ˆ¹rN pãItm daS §Ð 11
…Fa ik Balbasa iCl? AiBexk
das 23
ŸlKa-pRa
The geometrical
interpretation ìBij‡ bYanaàjI 27
of General relativity
Computer Ethics and
Security pãimt ray 31

CÆd - CÊCaRa
…k§¬C kibta 46

du-patay duinya
Language oooh.. SãIjata §Ð 66

iHijibij
narIcirtbàNn AiBexk r›Åpal 70
galgeÑa ŸkOó»B BácaàZY 74

geÑa-seÑa 2
pirbàtn ABIk d¹ 80
paiR ibº¡mij‡ cYaFaàjI 81
AmretÔr pãtYaSa iney ŸsOmY ma†it 85

stYm-Aipãym
laeg raeHa gaÉIigir ŸkOó»B BácaàZY 93
Acl ba„la Baxa ABIk d¹ 96

cli¬cºc‚rI

du† ûjuerr geÑa

ŸkOó»B B´acaàZY

…Fa Aenk dUerr …kFa mHaedeSr gæp-Gnadar Baxay ŸZFa "sUàZ kƒadel
Ÿsanar' ŸdS| ûya†nakapak,Vtaûyalpa-Ÿdr Ÿs† ga CmCem
adventure-r ŸdS|teb Gnadar Ajana tarperr †itHasFa tetaFaw
suKpafY ny| Ÿs† †itHasFa icracirt sada camRar dominance-
r,BUimpuºedr paëcatY †itHasibedr ŸlKay icracirt bàbrayeNr,ŸgaFa
†«a sBYtar epr›, ŸBenjueyla, ikˆba,VeàjiÇ»na naemr ikCu ibi¬CÊ ÃIep
pirNt Hwyar|…Fa Ÿs† tTakiTt ŸHera mHaedSFar† gæp ...pâiTbIr
maniceº Zar nam ŸlKa Hy - latin america|

…ik saeT …kFa isenmar w gæp,-…kFa isenmar, ŸZFa Aenkidenr
purena …kFa geæpr sada iõn rœpaÇ»r GFay,srkarI byaen blel-"stY
GFna AblÜen'|ýHan,kal,paº order-Fa manel blet Hy-gæpFar ìr›
VeàjiÇ»nay,smyFa ..gt Sta×Ir maJpeTr,Vr muKY paºra dueFa manux -
Zara Ÿs†smeyr bys Drel tKn ŸnHa‡ † ŸCelmanux...ikÜa bla Zay ŸCel
ŸTek manux Hbar raó»ay|

Diarios de motocicleta (THE MOTORCYLE DIARIES)(2005)

pircalnaW Walter Salles
pãeZajna W Robert Redford
AiBney W Gael García Bernal, Rodrigo de la
Serna,Mía Maestro, Gustavo Bueno, Jorge Chiarella

Veàneó»a tKn "specialist in leprosy ' degree Ÿt graduate Hwyar
peT| …idek Vlbaeàtaw tKn inejek scientist-tientist ŸgaeCr …kjn
ŸkˆekFa Babet ìr› kereC| kelj ŸCeR Zawyar smyw paey paey
…igey VseC| "kelejr ŸSx bCrFaek …kFu specially celebrate krel
Ÿkmn Hy ?'- Veàneó»ar maTay …kidn BUt capela| ikÇ¼ celebration-…r
raó»aFa ik?Ÿkn- Vlbaeàtar "Norton 500' ŸmaFrba†kFa Ÿta reyeC-wFa
iney …kFu kaeC ipef Guer …el† Hy| ta ŸbS-ikÇ¼ kaeC ipefFa

ikrkm?…† VeàjiÇ»na ŸTek ìr› ker Andes,Machu Picchuu ihi–ey
ŸBenjueyla,Ÿpr› iney mHaedeSr KainkFa|
mereC!...ŸCakra bel ik? ikÇ¼ bCr 23 Ÿta Vr bap-maeyr baDY Hwyar
bys ny-taHel pâiTbIr Aenk§ela gæp ŸlKa† Hetana| ta† ˆfl ba†
Ÿta calaw ba†k-cll dujen...^
ikÇ¼ peT baDa-ibpi¹ Vr ŸCeR kTa beleC keb? Vr ba†kFa calaenar
bYapaer dujen† ma gªga (ma Vmajnw bla Zay)-Plýbrœp-…beRa-
ŸKbeRa raó»a§elaet kKena smebt
tata oTET,kKena HaRjÔalaena ba†k Ÿfla! …†Baeb Aenk paHaR pàbt
ihi–ey du† mUiàtman ŸpOƒCela Peru|…kFa Ÿlaekr saeT Vlap Hela
ŸsKaen-Hugo Pesce (…Far Vr ba–la kraFa Vr ibedYy k™elalna)-
ŸbS jƒaderl Ÿlak-Ÿpr›r laper treatment program-r AiDkàta
ŸgaeCr-kàtar †e¬Cy kàm-ŸlakFa ŸbS bRdasulB attitude iney dujnek
fƒa† ideln| BÅelaekr ha¹¡air CaRaw ŸbS keykFa VkàxNIy bdeBYs
iCela-tar meDY …kFa Pƒaktael ˆpnYas ŸlKa (ŸZFa ŸbS GYam iney ˆin
Veàneó»aek pRet ideln),Vr …kFa bd ABYas smy smy maà¤-…e²elr
pata wæFaena| Vr Vlbaeàta …kFu b†p¹r ŸTek dUer smy kaFaet
Balbaselw,Veàneó»aFa brabir b†epaka|jem Ÿgela dujen|Hfa‡ …kidn
BÅelaekr maTay …ela ŸCeldueFaek …kFu sitYkaerr laitn VemirkaFa
Ÿcnaet parel mÆd Hyna-san pabelar laper colony-Ÿt ideln dueFaek
paifey|
braberr ŸfƒaFkaFa Veàneó»aFa Zabar smy bel Ÿgela-"Vpnar ŸlKaFa
Baela ker pRa Hey ˆfelana mSay-Haetr ŸlKaFa kHtbY ny,ŸkaTaw
ŸkaTaw …ekbaer† ApafY'| ŸlakFa …kFuw ragelana ikÇ¼-ˆleF ipf
capeR idela-taek sitY kTaFa blar meta saHs ŸdeK|
"ikÇ¼ … ekaTay …lam Ÿr baba-… eZ Zemr diQN dueyaerrw ADm|'jaHaj
Ÿta ny ŸZena ŸjlKana|Veàneó»ar Ÿs† bCr caerk beys ŸTek† Hƒapainr
saeT Ÿdaió»-ta Ÿs† Hƒapainrw …† sueZaeg pueraena Ÿpãm ˆTel ˆfela|teb
Vlbaeàtar sPrFa Aeta nIrs kaeFin-jueyar Faka Vr Ÿs Fakay …kFu
Piñniñr saiÊeDY|
…Fa manuxedr laper colony!na AnY ikCUr?…edr jnY Ae¹a lQ lQ
Faka kYaÚp-FYaÚp HYana-tYanay Krc?…idek …edr Ÿta ŸdKa Zae¬C
ŸCƒayaw naik pap?-pãBu iZì naik taet º¡™Á Hn!tƒar Ÿclacamu¸ara ta†
Ÿlak §elaek …kFa ÃIep fues ŸbS SaiÇ»et puNYatMa HeyeCn|…bar
Veàneó»ar grm r¹¡ sitY Fgbgain ìr› krl-Veàneó»a sFan igey …kjn
byô r›gIr saeT Hat imiley bll-"hello sir,Vim Veàneó»a'|bYas dupuerr
Kabar pawyar VSa Buel Zaw-…r ˆper …kFa magIr Ger zuek tar kaen
Vbar ik P™s mÇ»r ideyeC-Ÿs …etaidn Ÿkiley peR Takar pr Vbar
ntun ker bƒacet ca†eC?"SalI mrl-ik bƒacela taet Ÿtar ik Ÿr ?...…ek
j„lI Ÿrh †i¸yan-tay w† k™ò ŸragI-mYa Ÿga| …† ADaiàmk§elaek Ÿkn
pafaw'|

ikÇ¼ ŸCakra ŸbaDHy mYaijk janeta|Kabar na Ÿpey ZKn bYajar mueK bes
VeC-…ek …ek w† Ÿrh †i¸yan "jaenayar§ela' wr jnY Kabar …en
jeRa krl-Ÿkˆ cuir ker-Ÿkˆ inejr ŸTek sirey|ik bYapar ŸCakra
tuktak jaen naik??...
jaen ŸbaDHy,na Hel Zemr Ar›ic jaygaFa pãaN iPer Ÿpela ik ker?sb
ŸCeR ŸragI§ela P™Fbl ŸKlet VrÝ krl-Veàneó»a Vr Vlbaeàtaw
Ÿkamr ŸbƒeD Ÿnem pRl wedr saeT| pãBU iZìr kápaDnYedr ŸgamRa mueKw
keyk iclet Haisr iJilk ŸdKa Ÿgela ŸZn !†itmeDY Veàneó»aedr Gr
CaRar …k bCr ŸkeFeC|Veàneó»ar cibÕS bCerr jnMidenr paiàF Hela
…Kaen†|Veàneó»a paiàFet bll taedr du† bÉ™r ŸCelmanuix baiR ŸTek
ŸBeg pRar gæp| … k'maes wra laitn Vemirkaek iceneC Aenk kaC
ŸTek...ŸdeKeC sitYkaerr laitn BUimpuºedr idn §jran,..b†eyr pata
ŸTek Ÿbirey "sàbHaraedr' …kkaá Hey Ÿbƒec Taka..wr † kTay
"Wandering around our America has changed me more than I
thought. I am not me anymore."
ŸCakraFa sitY bel Baela-sbar glaFay ŸZn …kFa Ÿzƒak …es
VFekeC,ŸcaKFaw kFúkFú kreC …kFU-Za ta bYapar|paiàF ŸBe– ŸZet ndIr
paeR …es dƒaiReyeC du† bÉ™-Hfa‡ Veàneó»a bll-"Vim wpaer cllam'|
maen?..."Vim w† ÃIepw …kFa paiàF kret Zai¬C ŸragIedr saeT'|†yaiàk
naik?..…eta raet,Vr ŸnOekaFaw Ÿta Ÿn†|..."taet ik?sƒater Zaeba'-
bYas Jƒapaela ndIet|kaerÆF Fpek,Hƒapaet Hƒapaet cll sƒater|
…r meDY dupaeR iBR jmeC|…paR ŸTek Veàneó»ar jnY ŸBes VseC
Vtiªkt sabDanbaNI|Vr wpaR ic‡kar ker Ÿhek celeC-cel
Vsuk,Veàneó»a cel Vsuk wedr kaeC-wedr bÉ™-wr meta ker Veg
Ÿta Vr Ÿkˆ Vesin!na men He¬C Hey Zaeb-Vr …kFu,Vr …kFu| ŸSex
Hƒaipey ˆfeC ZKn Veàneó»a..wpaR jiRey ineyeC wek...…paR tKn
laPae¬C...ŸZena ndIFa wraw sƒatraela-Vlbaeàta ìDu ibRibeRae¬C-"Vim
jantam,Vim jantam'|
ikÇ¼ ŸZet Ÿta Hy-karN …kbar Ÿgel teb Ÿta iPer Vsa Zay|tbu buekr
meDYkaerr Ÿs† icrkaelr AedKa mnFa ibeÅaH ker|ŸCel dUeFar jnY
dupaR iBR kereC-…ksaeT Hat naReC-Vbar …esa bÉ™-Vmaedr kaeC-
Vmaedr meDY-Veó» Veó» wraw Hat naRet naRet imiley Ÿgela,ndIr
buek Ÿsidn Aenk k™yaSa jma HeyiCela|

July 26,1952,Caracas,Venezuela-…† geæpr du† ûjur,du† bÉ™r
Vlada Hwyar idn-Veàneó»aek …kFu Veg ŸZet Heb| Ÿpån Dret …igey
Zai¬Cl Veàneó»a-Vlbaeàta hakela-"Ÿc'|
Veàneó»a "Ÿc' §eyBara iPer takaeln|Vlbaeàta gãanaeda mueK ikCu
belnin-jiRey DeriCeln ìDu| Ÿc Ÿpåen êf Ÿgeln-ŸSx mUûàt pàZYÇ»
taikey iCeln bÉ™r idek|…k smy Ÿpån êR Ÿgela VkaeS| gãanaeda
tKnw Ÿcey iCeln VkaeSr idek|

gãanaeda …Kn ASIitpr-tbu …Knw VkaeSr idek takaenar bdeBYsFa
CaRet paernin| Ÿs† VkaeS …kidn tar bÉ™ ˆeR igeyiCeln-Aenk
manuexr bÉ ™ Het|taedr duWK-sueKr Ÿrajnamcay imeS ŸZet|tarpr
…kidn VkaeSr ˆ¬ctay ˆef igey …kidn VkaeS† imeS ŸgeCn-rey
ŸgeCn ìDu Aenk manUexr men-bÉ™ Hey-

"Hal ŸCeRana bÉ™-br„,kË CaeRa Ÿjaer,
ŸdKa Heb Ÿtamay Vmay AnY gaenr ŸBaer'

"Ÿc' S×Far ViBDaink Anubad "bÉ™'-menr AnubadFa tar ŸTek Kub
Vlada ik?...

geÑaseÑa

ˆ¹rN
pãItm daS§Ð

(1)
janalar ba†er sbuj tea garden §ela JeRr meta Ÿbirey
Zae¬C.......iJriJer bâiñFaek janalar kƒac idey VFkaenar Ÿkan †e¬C
Ÿn†| …† jelr ŸCƒaya Fa ŸbS laeg....Ÿkmn nrm.........Ÿkmn iSriSer|
ba†err sbuj Faek ŸpCen ŸPel Vmra inˆ-jlpa†§iRr idek| jlzaka
…Kn ......AdâSY| Vmra maen.... Vim Vr Vidl........Vmar häa†Bar
kam ga†h|
w ŸbaDHy …kFu §m Ÿmer ŸgeC| bR …kFa iFäp ....bR …kFa †nkaemr
chance Fa Vim maiF ker idlam| iminmam idn penrr …kFa iFäp itn
iden ŸSx| ibÆduek ibday jainey....Vmar Kƒacay ŸPrar pala|
…bar bâiñFa …kFu Ÿjaer pret VrÝ kereC....se˜ HawyaFaw Vmar
wBarekaF Vr iF-SaàF …r dUàgFa ŸBd ker HaeRr drjay kRa naRaet ìr›
kereC|
ÎÎ"Du‡'
baDY Hey janalar kƒacFa tuel ŸPllam ....Vr keyk mUûeàtr meDY ŸCa´
ŸCa´ bâiñr kNa §ela Vmar AsaDarN iBˆFaek Ÿgagãaes igel ŸPlela| …Kn
Vidl Vr wr sers ŸgƒaPFa CaRa dàSnIy ik¬Cu Ÿn†| gaiRFar Abóùaw Ÿtmn
| dash board Fa pãay Pƒaka.... ìDu …kFa Ÿrihw VeC| pãTm idn …†
gaiRFaŸt ˆef......... ik Baeb …tFa paHaiR raó»aFa ŸpiRey inˆ-
jlpa†§iR ŸTek ibÆdu ŸpOCaeba.... ŸsFa ŸBeb Vmar maTa Karap Hey
ŸgiCela| ikÇ¼ Vidl brilliant... dar›N Baeb ŸpOeC ideyiCela.... Ÿkaena
pãbelm CaRa† ^

(2)

inˆ-jlpa†§iR ŸöSn ŸTek ibÆdu Vsar smy sa†h isn Fa …ekbaer ims
keriClam| ŸFäenr ŸdalnaFar effect Fa Ÿkn jaena ŸFäen ˆpliÁ kirin....
suemaFaŸt capet na capet† Zt raejYr Gum ŸcaeK BIR ker …esiCl| ZKn
ŸcaK Kullam tKn jlzakar Ÿkaelr ˆpr bes,maen "iSbaij Fuirsm †n' …r
gãYa¸ iBˆ Fa inet inet gaiR ŸTek Ÿnem ibSÿas Hi¬Cl na ŸZ jaygaFa Ÿt
Vim dƒaiRey........ keyk GÆFa Vegw klkatar Duela Kai¬Clam.... baesr
meDY neBÜr …r ŸSxFaŸt w ŸGem Ÿney …kakar| Vr tar pr ibÆdu.........
maeJ maeJ …†rkm scenic relief pawyar jnY inejr ûjugFa Ÿk Kub cumu
ŸKet †e¬C ker| Ÿlaek Haseb .......…kFa pãay nam na jana jaygay Hfa‡
pailey …lam.... ìDu maº "ŸnF' … pƒac la†n ibbrN Ÿpey .........Vim
"…ekbaer Za-ta'|

"Ver dada Baela ÷pÈ ŸdKeln naik...... ? HaseCn ŸZ beRa ?'
muK tuel ŸdiK Vidl.... ŸHaeFl ŸTek Ÿbirey VseC........... inejr
QYapaimr wpr inejr menr HaisFa ŸZ kKn …eqbaer mueK Ÿbirey …eseC
buJet† pairin|
ÎÎ-"na na …min....bl sb bYbóùa Hl ?'
HƒYa sar....Ÿkan pãbelm Heb na .... …k sÐaH mt …Kaen† ŸTek Zan| …r
ŸTek ŸbiS idenr jnY Gr pawya Ÿgl na.... buik„ VeC| Vpin Zid …kFu
Veg Kbr idey Vsetn !
ÎÎ-"Vim ik Vr inej† jantam Vsb ? prì skael ifk
krlam....tarpr irin Ÿk ŸPan krlam.........BaigYs w Ÿtamaek Ÿpey
Ÿgl,naHel ŸöSn ŸTek Vim …Kaen …es raó»aet† ŸTek
ŸZtam........AbSY mÆd Ht na..... ik bela ?'
Vidl wr gal ibó»ât ŸgƒaePr Pƒak idey dƒatFa ŸdiKey idela|
ŸbS Bal ŸCelFa|
irin ........Vmar mastueta Ÿban........ wek ŸjagaR kereC| iSil§iRet
Taek ga†ehr kaj ker........Ÿsek¸ HYa¸ gaiRFa Vegr bCr
ikeneC....…Kn sÚpUàn FuYr mYaenjar| w iCl bel† Vim …k sÐaeHr jayga
Ÿpey Ÿglam.... mYaenjar BÅelakw baãil ta† …kFu ŸbiS Kaitr Vr
ik!!
Vmaek Vidl ŸöSen† beliCl|
ÎÎÎ"Ÿkan pãbelm Heb na ....ikCu …kFa jayga ker† Ÿdeba|'
Vim VRemaRa Ba˜et Ba˜et .........Vmar ŸCa´ dueFa bYag kaƒeD ker
ŸHaeFlFaet zuklam|
Zawyar smy† AmelS babur saeT Vmar pãTm ŸdKa.... ......baãil
......iSil§iRr baisÆda.........bCr saetk Veg …Kaen cel …eseCn
.....…† ŸHaeFl Fa bainey| tKn ibÆdu sitY FuYirö mYap … "nam na jana
ÃIp'…r mt iCl,…Kn Veó» Veó» offbeat FuYirö destination iHeseb
êf …eseC| BUFan Vr Baretr sImaeÇ» …† ŸCa´ gãamFaŸt …kFa SaÇ»
…kakItÔ VeC Za workoholic manux§elaek FaneC|
jlzakar gaey caderr meta jiRey Taka paHaR .... Vr tar Ÿkael bes
Taka ŸCa´ ibÆdu .......Baretr sImaeÇ»r ŸSx gãam| ˆptYkaFar meDY idey
cla jlzaka dueFa ŸdeSr meDY paƒicl tueleC.... ....dueFa maiFr Fukera
.....dueFa srkar Vr Aenk §ela inyemr ŸbRajael ......…kFa† mn|

ÎÎ"Vpin† Ainàban bsu ? klkata ŸTek ?'...... …k gal ŸHes ijegYs
kreln AmelSbabu|

ÎÎ"HYaƒ...... .... ifk† DereCn .... cel …lam Vpnaedr gãam ŸdKet|'

Î"ta ŸbS kereCn...........Vim bapu Vpnaek …k sÐaeHr ŸbiS fƒa† idet
parlam na.........maen buJet† Ÿta pareCn buik„ VeC| Vpin Ÿkan icÇ»a
krebn na....Vim† Vpnaek jayga ifk ker Ÿdeba.........baãil bel
kTa....…Kaen ineàBjal Vµar chance Fa Ÿkn ŸKayaeba blun ?'

ÎÎ"ta Ÿta inëc†.........…† ŸZ …k sÐaeHr jnY jayga ideyeCn …† ba
km ik ? Vim† Ÿta buik„ Fuik„ na ker …es Jaemlay ŸPllam',..
AmelS babu inejr Ÿrijöäar ŸTek muK tuel bleln......

Î"na na Ÿkan bYapar ny '

Î"ta mSay …Kaen Ÿs AeàT ŸdKar meta ikCu Ÿn†....... manux …Kaen Ves
....…kFu mui¹¡r jnY .....Vr …† pãkáitFaek VtMóù kret.... .....…†
inàmltaFaek buek ker Vbar jIbenr smueÅ Jaƒipey pRar rsd ŸjagaR
kret |'
Vim bllam ....."baW VpinŸta ŸbS Bal kabY kern.........ŸleKn-ŸFeKn
naik ?'

Amin BÅelak kan …ƒeFa kra …kFa Hais idey bleln...... "Vr ŸkaTay Hy
ŸlKa ....…kkael ilKtum........kelej Takar smy..........…Kn ìDu
Ÿrijöäar Katay Ÿlaekr nam iliK ........... …† Kaen …kFa s† ker idn
ŸdiK.... Vr ŸdKun Vpnar ifkana-iFkana ifk ileKeC ikna Vidl ?'

"HYƒa .....ifk VeC...........ta CaReln Ÿkn ŸlKaFa ?.....cailey
Zan....inejr jnY† ilKun na|'

ÎÎ"bleCn ? '

ÎÎ"bliC b† ik |'

ÎÎ"ifk VeC Ÿcña krb'Kn....Vpin …idek Vsun ŸdiK.... GrFa …kbar
ŸdiKey Ÿd†|'

ÎÎ"Ainàban babu .... Vpin …k kaj kret paern .... Vpnar se˜ Ÿta
Vidl Vr wr gaiRFa VeC†....Todey Vr Paren Fa …kbar Guer
Vsebn.... nature Faek inejr purest form … ŸdeK Vr ikCu gãamY
manuexr saeT kTa blel Bal† lageb ŸdKebn| Aenek Zay ìin....jÇ¼ ,
jaenayar, paiKedr ŸTek Vmar manux ŸbiS Bal laeg.... Baelalaeg …†
SaÇ» pirebSFa|'

"Vpnar icÇ»a kret Hebna....Vim Vidl Ÿk bel Ÿdeba ŸkaTay Gurebn
Ÿs† kTa....Vpin …Kn ibSãam
kr›n....Vpnar ca-jl Kabar Vpnar Ger paifey idi¬C|'

…edr Gredar ŸbS ŸgaCaena | samenr janalaFa ŸTek suÆdr …kFa iBˆ
pawya Zae¬C|...…Kn pãay seÉ Hey …eseC, paHaeRr ŸpCn ŸTek
sUàZYFa....jlzakar jel øan kret celeC....saraidn VkaeS ŸTek £aÇ»
ŸbaDHy|

"Vim Vj ibSãam Ÿneba kal ŸTek Zaºa ìr›' inejek men men bel
idlam....tarpr …kFu øan Ÿser sFan ibCanay|
tÆÅa mt …es egiCela| drjay nk ìen ˆef pRlam|
"ca VeC |'

BÅelaekr ŸKyal VeC blet Heb.... ŸkaTa ŸTek Vbar imiñ VineyeCn|
Vmar kTay Kub †mepãsh HeyeCn ŸbaDHy| ibeSx ker purena ŸlKa cailey
ŸZet blar jnY|

(3)

perr idnFa …eqbaer CueF ŸbiReyiC | AmelS babu VidlŸk smó» FuYr påYan
ker ideyiCeln.... Vim ìDu wr saeT CueF ŸbiReyiC....|
raó»aFa Kub …kFa Bal iCl na| …ek paHaiR raó»a .......tar pr sb jaygay
Vbar paka ny.... ibeSx ker interior Fa Ÿt|
Vmar 1st destination iCl kaileJaRa | iSil§iR ŸTek 27/28 ma†l
Heb , nYaSanal Ha†wey Der| .....itó»a Vr ri˜etr jl imeS gaeC
…Kaen|.......dueFa s¹a .......dueFa pãbaeHr imln.... ......…katMIkrN|
......Vmra Ÿkn ndIr meta H† na ?Ÿkn ....imeS Za†na barbar ,clar peT
?.......Vlada pT §ela ekn barbar Vrw Vlada Hey Zay............
jainna|
…rpr cel …lam Ÿkalb„ Baya ibjnbaiR.......capRamaiR Wildlife
Sanctuary Guer|
kt paiK.... kt gaC| kaileJaRa Ÿt igey .......menr pueraena Qt
§ela..............ŸZ §ela Vbar kbr KuƒeR Ÿbrbar Ÿcña kriCl taedr Gum
paiRey idl capRamaiR|...Aidl Aenk §ela iFäp baàh wyacaredr saeT
kereC.... inejw Aenk paiK Ÿcen| Vmaek raó»ay AÇ»t 30 rkemr paiK
ŸdiKeyeC|..............ik sb nam ŸZn.......... Eurasian
Wryneck....Hodgson's Redstart....Little Forktail …† sb .... Vmar sb
menw Ÿn†|
…kFa Kub jr›rI kaj Hey Ÿgl| kaeC† Karmi Farm- … Takar …kFa
bYbóùa Hey Ÿgl.... perr sÐaeHr jnY|

raet ZKn ŸHaeFel iPrlam tKn Vr takabar ŸjaR iCl na ŸcaK dueFa Ÿt|
ŸKey …esiClam ba†er ŸTek† ta† Vr Ÿjeg Takar Ÿkan drkar iCl na|
…eqbaer ibCanayÎ"ppat c' Vr Guemr raejY "mmat c'|

(4)

suemaFa …Kn iSil§iR Ÿt zuek pereC |
sMâitr ŸlnFaŸt HƒaFet HƒaFet....ibÆduet ŸPel Vsa dueFa idn iPer
ŸgiClam..........ikÇ¼ baD saDl Videlr Ÿrihw .... Vr Ÿrihw r naik suer

kaÊa.... …Kn ŸZ Ÿlaek Ÿkn gla ŸCeR nak idey gan gawya ìr› kereC Ÿk
jaen|
ikCu GFna.........smy ......manux Ÿk …mn Baeb naRa idet paer jana
iClna.... ibeSx ker Vmar mt manux Ÿk .... Zar …mn Ÿkan †emaSn Ÿn†
bel Ÿlaek dabI ker........ik jain saitY† Hyt Ÿn†........kKn
Ÿkanidn........Ÿkan daireÅr iden Ÿbec ideyiC taek.... ba Hyt …kidn
matal Hey gla iFep Ÿmer ŸPeliC ......inejr Haet† jainna....saitY†
jainna| ikÇ¼ Ÿkaena ikCu …Kena Ÿs† inàjIbtaekw naRa Ÿdy ŸdeK Bal
lagl|
Vidl Ÿk idey Veg† iFikFFa kaiFey ŸreKiClam....ta† Vr Ÿkaena
pãbelm Ÿn†....Fa†im„-Faw ifk fak iCl|.... ŸFänFa ŸöSn … seb zuekeC
....Aenk Ÿlaekr taRaûeRa ....ŸCaFaCuiF....ŸpCen....dUer iHmaly …ka
dƒaiRey ....…† clmantaŸk pirHas kreC inejr óùibrta idey|
Vimw kamraFa Kuƒej iney ˆef pRlam ....Veó» Veó» dUer cel Zae¬C
....ibÆdu.......Vidl .....na ŸdKet pawya Cib......Vr Vim |.....ŸFän Fa
iýph baRae¬C.....Vim janla idey ŸcaK ŸPralam.... …bar inejr ŸSayar
jaygaFa otir kret Heb....Vsar smy ŸFän jaàin Fa Bal Zayin |Vmar
bYagdueFa iseFr tlay sa†h ker....…kFu Ÿmrd¸ Fan Fan krlam
|......Vbar klkata......
Vbar "Ÿcna duWK.... Ÿcna suK....Ÿcna Ÿcna Hais muK'|
ŸcaeKr pata dueFa Bair lageC.........|

(5)

kaileJaRar pr Vmar iÃtIy idenr FuYrFa iCl FuYeh†|
FuYeh† ibÆdur ŸTek Vrw 800 imFar ˆƒcuet....paHaR Ÿbey ˆfet ˆfet
Vidl Vmar saeT wr ŸCaFeblaFa share krl.... Vsel w FuYeh† Ÿt
Aenk idn iCl| duñuimr Ÿs† imiñ beysFa …Kaen† …† paHaeRr Ÿkael†
kaiFeyeC|baba mara Zawyar pr .... …Kaen …k mamar kaeC cel …esiCl|
Vmaek iney Zaeb bll........…kFa ŸCa´ gãaem ŸZKaen …ksaeT Bart Vr
BUFan Taek|
jlzakar ˆperr bYaerj Fa Ÿpirey.... ŸCa´ Ÿblar Vƒkar Katar isnairr
mt …kFa gãam|.... k™ƒeR Gr.........ŸbRa idey ŸGra|.....ŸpCen paHaR| tar
Pƒak idey sUàZY ŸdKa Zae¬C | Ÿkmn …kFa VnÆd Hi¬Cl| …kFa ikCu iPer
pawyar VnÆd|Vmar drawing Katar pata Vr drawing saerr kaeC A
na pawyar duWKFa men per Zae¬C | ikCu manux Zara Ÿkan jiFlta
ŸbaeJna.... Ÿkan kluxta Zaedr ŸCƒayna.... …kFa AnY pâiTbI| sbar mueK
…kgal Hais Ÿleg VeC| …kjn Aecna -Ajana manuxek inejr ker brN
ker inet …kFuw Ÿdir kerin tara| …kFa KaiFyar wpr Vim.... Vidl
Vr Videlr …k VtMIy .....Ÿnaran| Vmra bes gÑ kriClam|
…† paHaeRr gÑ|
paHaiR manuexr gÑ|
taedr idn.... rat Vr idn§ela Ÿk rat ker Ÿdwya AÉkaerr gÑ|
Ÿnaran bliClÎÎÎ wra Kub …ka| …† paHaeRr Ÿkael Ÿkan ŸdeSr srkar
wedr Kƒujet Ves na| na BUFan na Bart | dueFa ŸdeSr kaeC† wra bãatY|

ÎÎ" Vmaedr pãeyajn §ela Vmra kaek janab ŸsFa buJet buJet†
Ÿs§ela jlzakar jel ŸBes Zay|'
Vim Ÿnaran Ÿk bllamÎÎÎ" Ÿtamra Vsel srkarI Baeb Ÿkan ŸdeSr ....
maen ŸBaF daw Ÿkan srkarek ? '
Ÿnaran bllÎ-" Vmra Katay-klem BartIy| ikÇ¼ mjar kTaFa ik jaenn ?
Vmaedr gãaemr pãay AeàDk Ÿlak jnM sueº BUFain| Ÿkan na Ÿkan karen
…Kaen cel …eseC |'
ÎÎ" …et Ÿkan baDa Vesna ? …Kaen bàhar isikˆiriF Ÿkmn ? '
ÎÎ" baDaeta Takeb†| ikÇ¼ ik jaenn …Faeta Vr AnY bàhar §ela r mt
ny| SaÇ»| kFa Ÿlak jaen …Kan ŸTek BUFainra Ves ? ikÇ¼ pãitidn†
VseC| kaejr ŸKƒaej| Vbar raetr Ÿbla cel Zay | klkatay Vpnara
ŸZmn dUr dUr ŸTek haleHOis Vesn .... kaejr jnY AenkFa Ÿtmin|
Vbar du-…kjn Ÿkan kareN ŸTek Zay Vr ŸPer na|'
ÎÎ" ikÇ¼ Ÿnaran.... …et Vmaedr Qit He¬C na ? Vmaedr AàTnIitr Qit
'|
Ÿnaranek …bar …kFu AnY rkm lagl | ŸCelFa sÚpeàk Vidl Vmaek
Veg† beliCl| klkata Ÿt pRaìna kereC | brilliant student | mYaTs
Anaàs| Paàö £aS| cakrI ŸpeyiCl idiLet .... kerin | strong principle
wr ŸBtr kaj kereC ŸCaeFaebla eTek†| …† paHaRFaek inejr ŸTekw
ŸbiS ker Balbaes| …† paHaiR manux§elaŸk Vrw manux ker Ÿtalar
A˜Ikar ineyeC| …kFa ô™l calay| Vr inejr ikCu samanY bYbsa VeC
ŸsFa ker|
ÎÎ" V¬Ca Vpin ŸdS blet ik ŸbaeJn ?' Ÿnaran Vmaek Kub S¹¡ …kFa
pãSÈ krl|
ÎÎ" maen.... ŸdS blet …† Bart.... maen ...'
Î-" ifk ker blet parebn na| Vpin raó»ar Vr pƒacFa Ÿlakek ije¯s
kr›n.... taraw parebna| ŸdS Hl Vsel …kFa Cib| ŸZFaek Vmra mYap
bel ŸdiK| ikCu nIl.... sbuj reªr la†n cel ŸgeC Zar meDY idey| ikCu
piliF¤ Zar AiDka„SFa† corrupted| Vmar pãeyajen .... Vpnar
pãeyajen| Vmra ŸdSFaek define kir.......inejr ÷aàT isiÁr jnY | ŸdS
blet ŸdSbasI Ÿkan idn† Hyin|.......... Ainàbanda...... Ÿkan idn na....
Ÿkan idn† Hyin| ŸdS blet ŸdeSr maº 20%-30% population | Vr
baik sb Hawyay ˆRet Taka tuelar mt.... taedr inejr Ÿkan weight
Ÿn† | Ÿkan …kFa Haet S¹¡ Baeb bsar mt| Vr Ÿkˆ taedr Hat baiRey
Derna| ìDu ˆeR cla Vr …ka …ka bƒaca| inejr mt ker|inejedr
jnY|inejedr iney| '
ÎÎ" ik blC Ÿnaran ? Vmaedr kalcar ....Vmaedr ŸHireFj …§ela
ŸdSFa Ÿk define ker na ?'
ÎÎ" ker eta| ikÇ¼ Vinàban da blet paern,kalcar.... ŸHireFj …§ela
Veg ŸdeSr na Veg manuexr ?ŸZ manux §ela …ek AprŸk Ÿcen.... inejr
bel men ker.... tara ik …kiºt Het paer na ? paerna inejedr kalcar
Fa share kret ? '
Vmar kTa §ela Ÿkmn ŸZn Hairey ŸgeC| Ÿnaraenr kTa§ela Hfa‡
Kub......Kub sitY bel men Hl|
Vim....

Vmar ŸDap-duró» PçYaF.... Vmar Jaƒ-ckcek AiPs.... Vr Vmar
ûjugFaek Vdr krar mt enough Faka..........…§ela CaRa Vim Vr ik
jain ?
kFa …rkm ibÆdu Ÿk icin? kFa Ÿnaran …r gãaemr kTa ŸSanar †e¬C
raiK.......na....raiKna.... Ÿkanidn raiKin|
ÎÎ" ik dada ikCu blun ? Vim ik Ÿbifk? Vmaedr ik …† manux§ela Ÿk
VSãy Ÿdwya ˆic‡ ny? Zara …kFu Bal Takar jnY.... pãaN Haet ker
…edeS pailey …eseC ......Hyeta …kFa r›iFr jnY|
w† ŸZ ŸdKeCn.......wr nam iriml| wr baba-ma gt bCr mara ŸgeCn| …kFa
ŸCel ik Baeb wKaen exploited Hi¬Cl Ÿs sÜeÉ Vpnar Ÿkan DarNa Ÿn†|
gt sÐaeH ŸCelFa …Kaen pailey …eseC inejr …k ididr kaeC|…bar blun
Vpin...... ik krb Vmra.... ik blb wek? cel ŸZet blb ? blbÎ-" Za
iPer Za ......Hairey Za AÉkaer'|
Vpnar manibkta ik bel Ainàbanda?
Î-" Vim ik¬Cu jainna .... Ÿnaran Vim Kub ŸCa´ gi¸r manux| Vmar
manibktaŸbaD §ela......sUQM Vebg §ela Vmar SHerr †ƒF-bailr j˜el
Hairey ŸgeC|'
ibekelr sUZYFa Ÿgapen .... Vmar ŸcaeKr samen jlzakar …paR ŸTek
wpaeRr paHaeRr gaey AdâSY Hey Ÿgl| Vim taek sImana par kra ŸTek
VFkaet parlam na| Vmar mer Zawya mnFa …Knw AtFa paTr Hyin|

Vidl pãTm kTaFa bll|
"dada.... Vj ibÆdu ŸPraFa …kFu irô Hey Zaeb| Vpnar Ÿkan AsuibDa na
Hel Vpin Vmaedr …Kaen Tak™n.... Vim AmelS babu Ÿk ŸPan ker
idi¬C|'
Vim bllamÎÎ-" Za Bal ŸbaJ....Vmar Ÿkan AsuibDa Ÿn†'|

[6]
Vraemr dueFa r›iF Vr Vlu isÁ .......…† jaygaFa Vmaek Vbar
ŸCaFeblay na iney igey CaReb na ..... maeyr kTa men pReC .....Kub men
pReC |..... Ÿnaran Vmaek sara seÉY jueR …kFa ˆpliØr meDY idey iney
ŸgeC| ikCu manux Zaedr Vmra Ÿkanidn icnet ca†in .....ìDu
..."AnupãebSkarI'r tkma laigey Ÿd† ....taedr icineyeC....Ÿkn tara
inejr ŸdS....sÚman ŸCeR AnY jaygay cel Ves .....taedr …† ŸdSFar
saeT VtMIyta kt gBIr ... ktFa Haiàdk ,ta na ŸdKel .... na janel
....ˆpliØ kra sÝb ny ....|
rat Hey ŸgeC .....Vmaek ibday jainey Ÿnaran Vr Vidl cel Ÿgl|
Vim …† ŸCa´ Ger …kla raja ......|
…kFa Ÿmambaitr Vela Vr maduerr …kFa ibCana ..... Vmar jnY ŸýpSal
VYer²emÆF ..... ik Vram!! ......…eta Bal ker ktidn ì†in men Hl
...... |
Vmar 1000 ŸôayariPF …r PçYaFFay .....
Vmar 6 †i‚ gidwyala ibCanaFay Vmar diQN ŸKala janalay....

sound system ŸTek ŸBes Vsa matal kra John Denver …...........
ŸkaTaw......ŸkaTaw
…t Vram Ÿn† |
Vsel w§elaet …tFa VÇ»irkta Ÿn†| paeS jlzaka bey Zae¬C .....Vr
Hawyay ŸBes Vsa irimelr bƒaiSr sur duecaeK Guemr meta Ÿnem VseC .....
kFa baej Vim jainna .....drjay VwyajFa ìen.....ifk kret
pariClam na pãTem.... ŸkaTay ViC .....…kFu Dató» Hawyar pr ....buJet
parlam VwyajFa Vmar drjaet† He¬C...."ŸKalaFa ifk Heb?'....pãSÈFa
menr meDY VFkai¬Cl....…kbar Bablam Aidlek haik ....pãit mUûeàt
drjay VwyajFa tIbãtr Hi¬Cl .... Vim GamiC... Vim AitiT wedr....
"Ÿkˆ ik ibped pRl ? ... Aidl ik? ....Vmaek hakeC ? .... jainna Vim
ikCu jainna ...Ÿkmn …kFa By Vmaek gãas kriCl... na Vr parb na ....'
mÇ½mue©r mt …igey Ÿglam ...... drjaFa Kullam | Kulet† …k JFka batas
| Vmaek ŸcaKFa bÉ kret baDY krl .... taikey ŸdKlam …kFa Ÿmey |
bCr 16/17-r Heb | …kFa By ....…kFa Ajana Vt« iney Vmar samen
dƒaiRey | drja Kulet† …k inSÿaes Aenk§ela kTa bel Ÿgl|
"Vmaek …kFu …Kaen Taket daw ..... wra .... wra taRa ker
VseC| Vmaek Ÿmer ŸPleb ....Vmar ŸkaTaw Zawyar Ÿn† | Vmaek
Taket daw ..... '
Vim ikCu bueJ wfar Veg† w inej† drjar iSklFa tuel idey …kFa
dIàGinWSÿas ŸPll|
"…kFu jl Heb ? ......AenkFa CueFiC.... Ÿtña pae¬C'|
Vim ikCu blar Veg† w Ÿnaran …r raKa jelr ŸbatlFa ŸTek zk zk ker
VenkFa jl ŸKey ŸPll|
"tuim Ÿk ?…Kaen Ÿkn ?....Ÿk taRa kereC Ÿtamaek?...Vim Ÿta ikCu†
buJet pariC na '
"bliC bliC sb bliC | Vim......Vim sairya .... Vim pailey VsiC Vmar
baiR ŸTek| ŸdS ŸTek .... Vmar sbikCu ŸCeR .....'
Vim ik blb buJet parlam na | Ÿnaran Vj saraidn Vmaek Ÿkmn …kFa
ŸGaerr meDY ŸreKeC Ÿcna pâiTibFa .... jana BYalus .... ŸBe˜cuer …kFa
ntun s„¯a Vmar samen tuel DereC ..... Vr tarpr Vmar samen ŸmeyFa
dƒaiRey.... na .... …Fa ik sitY?
Vim bllam ÎÎ "Ÿtamaek kara taRa kreC? Ÿkn?'
"wra , maen Vmar gãaemr Ÿlaekra ,Vmar baba| Vim ikCuet† wedr kaeC
iPer Zab na | …k dl KunI,Zaedr kaeC Vmar †e¬C Ain¬Car Ÿkan mUulY Ÿn†
| ìDu bó»a pƒca s„ôar ,ViBjatY Ÿk maTay ker Ÿbƒec Taka …kdl raQs|'
"ik blC tuim ---- wedr meDY Ÿtamar babaw Ÿta VeCn'
"taet ik? w Vmar baba ny , w …kFa .... .... …kFa KunI'
kaÊay ŸBe˜ pRl , sairya|
…kraS ibSÿas Vr Kub inejr ikCu manux Hfa‡ ŸcaeKr samen Aecna Hey
Ÿgel .....taedr suÆdr ŸcHara§ela Hairey ŸZet Takel mnFa Kub BarI Hey
Zay ..... menr ˆpr Ÿcep Taka Ÿs† BarI BarI ŸmG§ela tKn bâiñ Jray, bR
mn ŸBjaena Ÿs† bâiñ ! Vim Aenk iBejiC wr jel | ta† sairya Ÿkw
iBjet idlam....…† bâiñFa mn Ÿk ìÁ ker, pibº ker|

" ikÇ¼ sairyar bYaparFa ik ? Ÿtamar baba Ÿtamaek Kƒuej ŸbRae¬Cn Ÿkn ?
tuim† ba tar kaeC iPer ŸZet ca†C Ÿkn ? ....…Kaen tuim …ka …ka
Takeb?'
"na …ka Ÿkn? ......Vim iriml …r saeT Takb '
kTaFar saeT saeT …kraS cƒaedr Vela wr bâiñ ŸBja muKFaek cumu ŸKey
Ÿgl|'
Vim bllam Î-- "iriml? w men peReC .... bµ Bal bƒaiS bajay ŸCelFa'
sairya bll .------ "HƒYa Vim iriml Ÿk Kub Balbais | …† jlzaka jaen
ktFa| ikÇ¼ Vmar baba ŸsFa Ÿmen Ÿnyin| irimlek …ka Ÿpey Aenk
VtYacar kereC | wek baDY kereC .... ŸdS CaRet|'

"ikÇ¼ Vim Ÿta wek CaRa w† Amanux §elar saeT baƒcb na | ta† Vj
Vimw pailey …esiC | sb ikCu ŸCeR …esiC| ìDu irimelr kaeC .... .... | '
…kFa ineàBjal srl mn ..... Vr tar Akáiºm , Kub saDarN caiHda| Zar
saQI …† rat.... Vim Vr ŸbRa ŸBe˜ pailey Vsa …kFa mn |
"Vmaek Taket idn na ,…kFu smy | skal Het Vr ŸbiS baik Ÿn† | Vim
skael ifk irimlŸk Kuƒej Ÿnb '
"AbSY† Ÿneb| iriml …† Daer kaeC† ŸkaTaw Taek| Vim Ÿtamaek iney Zab
wr kaeC | tuim icÇ»a Ÿkaera na|'
Vbar du-itneF jelr kna sairyar ŸcaeKr Ÿkal Baisey ŸbiRey VseC|
....…† kaÊaFa AnY rkemr ....Vmar Kub …kFa Ÿcna ny| teb ìeniC Kub
Vraemr | …† ŸpãmFa manuxek kt suÆdr ker Ÿtael .... …† ŸpãmFar jnY†
iriml At suÆdr bajaet paer .....…† ŸpãmFar jnY† sairyar ŸcaeKr Ÿkael
w† Ajana Aecna kaÊaFa Ves .... .... …† Ÿpãemr jnY† Vmar mt car
Ÿdwyaelr manuxFa bar bar Gr ŸCeR Ÿbirey peR .... Vr …r jnY† ìDu
"Ÿppar iSiQt' Vim ibÆdu ,FuYehr manuexr kTa ìen , ŸdeK .... ˆ¹rN
GiFeyiC inejr| …kka´a AnupãebS iberaDI Vim Vr Vmar Ger …Kn
sairya|

skal kKn Hey ŸgeC buJet† pairin | cairidk ŸTek Ÿrad zuekeC..... Ÿkan
rkem ŸcaK Ÿmel pãTem drjar kaCFaet ŸcaK Ÿgl | sairya Ÿn†| drjaFaw
ŸBtr ŸTek bÉ | sb sitY§ela Ÿkmn pak ŸKey Vmar maTar iBtr HatuiR
maret lagl ... sairya ŸkaTay? .... .... .... drja P™ƒeR Ÿta Hawya Hey
ŸZet paer na| Gr ŸTek baiR Zawyarw …† …kFay pT ....... taHel?

Vim taRataiR ker Ÿbirey …lam | cairidk Kub SaÇ» , …kFu Vles.......
sairya Ÿn† |
taHel sairya ik Vmar ˆpliØ .......?
Vmar ˆ¹rn ?
jainna ...... Vmar …† ŸCa´ mnFa At bR ikCu Ÿkanidn Babet paerna |
ìDu Veó» Veó» buJlam sairya baó»eb Taket paerna | wpaerr sairyara
ŸbaDy At suÆdr ba„lay kTa blet paer na | ikÇ¼ Vmar iPlFa sitY | wet
Ÿkan Kad Ÿn† |

Vmar ŸBterr VimFa Aenk idn baed naRa ŸKeyeC | Aenk bCr pr
Vmar menr Aió»tÔFa ŸFr ŸpeyiC ....... sairya tar ÷epÈr kTa bel Vmar
÷epÈr maeJ Vmaek naRa idey Ÿgl |

…kFu per Ÿnaran Vmar kaeC …l ..... | …kFa capa kaÊa mueK ker | ŸZFa w
Zt† luket Ÿcña kr›k na Ÿkn, pariCl na |
ÎÎw bll kal raet naik puileSr …nkaˆÆFaer wpaerr ŸTek Vsa
…kjn mara ŸgeC | …kFa ÷pÈ Kun HeyeC|

Vim Vr Taket pairin .... .... ....
ibÆduet , …† ÷pÈFa Vmaek taRa kereC saraQN | Aidl Ÿk idey Ÿsidenr
ibekelr ŸFäenr iFikF kaiFey ŸbiRey pRlam Vmar KacaFar ˆeÀeSY|

[7]
…bar ŸFänFa klkatar kaeC …es peReC .... .... .... Vr maº dueFa öepj
tar per† Vbar Vmar car Ÿdwyaelr PçYaF , Vr Vmar …kaÇ» …kakItÔ|
ikÇ¼ ikCu iney iPriC ibÆdu ŸTek | men He¬C menr pekFFa BarI Hey VeC
ŸbS | Hyt Vmar menr AÉkar GrFar janalaFa Kuel idey Ÿgl sairya,
Ÿnaranra| ŸZFa idey Hyt Ÿrad zukeb,SYawla Dra jIbnFa Vbar sjIb Heb|
Vmar sb Q™Åta, sb s„kIàntaek sirey … Vmar nb jIben VbàBab|
Vmar ntun sUeàZYady|
Vmar ˆ¹rN|

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Riemannian Geometry & Relativity
The Geometrical Interpretation of
Einstein’s General Theory of Relativity

Subhajit Banerjee

Geometry, one of the oldest branches of pure mathematics, is basically
derived from physical experience. Geometry at its base assumes as things
given – firstly the notion of space and secondly the first principal of
construction of elementary geometrical figures. The first step towards
constructing a logically consistent system of pure axiomatic geometry
was taken by EUCLID, who in his celebrated book “THE ELEMENTS”
gave five postulates which were completely self-contained and self
consistent. Although these postulates were merely definitions of point,
line, circle, right angle and parallel lines but their validity as a priory for
geometry was always in doubt. Ancient geometers always tried to prove
EUCLID’S postulates from more elementary axioms but failed to do so.
Among all the EUCLID’S postulates his fifth postulate was doubted
most. According to many geometers this postulate was a logical
consequence of the other four postulates. This fifth postulate states –

“If a line segment intersects two straight lines forming two interior
angles on the same side that sum to less than two right angles, then the
two lines, if extended indefinitely, meet on that side on which the angles
sum to less than two right angles.”

Among these geometers, the work of GAUSS and LOBACHEVSKI were
most important. GAUSS developed a two dimensional geometry where
the fifth postulate was not valid. This geometry is basically geometry of
intrinsically curved surfaces as that of a sphere. GAUSS was the first
person to realize that these kind of surfaces possess an intrinsic curvature
such that it cannot be flattened in form of a page you are seeing right
now. If we try to make a plane surface out of it then we must have to give
distortions in it in multiple places. On the other hand the surface of a
cylinder or a cone can easily be unrolled to give a surface to that of this
page. So these type of surfaces posses zero intrinsic curvature (but non-
zero extrinsic curvature).

RIEMANN, a student of GAUSS extended this idea to any number of
dimensions in his celebrated paper “On the hypothesis which lies at the
base of geometry”. RIEMNN was first to show that the axioms of
practical geometrical system must be chosen from the situation in hand
and as a result of this, these axioms are not fixed but bound to vary with
the situation. In most of the practical situations this role is played by
EUCLID’S postulates but that don’t mean that other set of axioms are not
mathematically possible.

Let us imagine a hypothetical blind, flat creature who lives on the surface
crumpled sphere and have no perception of third spatial dimension. One
thing which is noticed by GAUSS, who first imagine this type of flat
creature, is that as their body is also crumpled with the surface so
according to them their surface is perfectly flat. In a broader sense the
above statement means that -- a infinitesimally small neighborhood of a
point on a curved surface is infinitely stretched out i.e. behaves like a
plane sheet of paper.

RIEMANN, by virtue of his remarkable mathematical skill and physical
insight then put forward a bold idea, he said that – “any kind of field of
force is nothing but the effect of the curvature of the surrounding region”,
for example – if our flat creature in his journey along the sphere come
across any of the bumps on the crumpled surface then he is forced to
move sidewise unintentionally due to the effect of the bump. To the
creature, he was mysteriously pulled by an unknown reason…he named
this effect Force or Field of force. So according to RIEMANN ----
FORCE = GEOMETRY

So REIMANN succeeded to geometrize physics.

This type of practical geometry of RIEMANN when applied to
gravitational field, results in EINSTEIN’S general theory of relativity.
EINSTEIN applied RIEMANN’S idea to show that the force of gravity is
an effect of the curvature of four dimensional space-time. This means that
the effect of gravity can be explained by the curvature of the
mathematical entity space-time which is four- dimensional.

According to the geometry of EUCLID (Geometry of flat space), the
distance between two points of space can be calculated applying the
celebrated theorem of PYTHAGORAS. As the PYTHAGORAS’ theorem

is not valid when applied globally (to the whole surface) to a curved
space. In case of REIMANNIAN geometry, the distance between two
points can be calculated by a mathematical technique called
REIMANNIAN METRIC TENSOR FIELD. As the distance depends
upon the curvature around the two points concerned, so with the help of
this metric, we can also determine the local curvature of space.

The aim of theory of relativity is to write all the equations of physical loss
in such a way that they are valid in all frames of reference, i.e., for all
observers independent of the nature of their motion. Special theory of
relativity takes care of the observers who are in uniform motion relative
to each other, i.e. the so-called inertial frame. When the observer is in
arbitrary frame of reference i.e. the frame may be accelerating, rotating
etc. etc. then general theory of relativity is required. According to
NEWTON’S law of gravitation the acceleration of a body moving freely
under the influence of a gravitational field is independent of its mass. In
case of earth, this acceleration near the surface of earth is denoted by “g”.
If we consider an elevator which is in empty space (i.e. no gravitational is
present) and is accelerating with an acceleration “g”, in the direction
towards the centre of the earth, then the effects inside the elevator will
exactly be the same as in case of an elevator falling freely under the
influence of earth’s gravitational field. In both the cases, a person inside
the elevator will feel weightless. Thus it can be concluded the effects of
gravity and that of acceleration are equivalent. This is known as
PRINCIPLE OF EQUIVALENCE.

In an accelerating frame, the known laws of physics take such a form that
the EUCLIDEAN character (rather, MINKOWSKIAN character) of the
observed space looses its identity and the global character of the space-
time becomes RIEMANNIAN type. So we can say alternatively that
accelerated motion induces RIEMANNIAN METRIC TENSOR FIELD.
Now from the principle of equivalence we have in our hand accelerated
motion and effect of gravity are equivalent. so it can be said that a
gravitation field induces a curvature in space-time. As the gravitational
field is created by the mass and energy of the universe so the space-time
curvature is nothing but a result mass and energy distribution of universe.
According to EINSTEIN and RIEMANN space is not an infinite
collection of points but rather an infinite set of distances interlocked
together. That means space-time exist without its metric. One thing to
note that the four dimensional space-time of relativity is a mathematical

concept and thus be visualized. But the amazing thing is that with the
interaction of this concept the law of physics becomes simpler and more
explanatory than they are in their three-dimensional formulation. Gravity
is an effect of curvature of four dimensional space time is proved
mathematically and the predictions made by this theory are exactly in
accordance with experimental results, thus it must be taken as correct
theory for GRAVITATION.

Computer Ethics and Security
Pramit Roy

Ethics is more than just the Golden Rule. It is a principle of what is right
and wrong. Everybody knows its wrong to lie, cheat, steal, etc...
However, some people don't know you are not supposed to copy a game
you purchase and then give it to your sister so she can use it on her
computer. In this article, we will try and explain different situations that
clearly show right from wrong associated with computer technology.

Part of the problem is technology has outpaced society's ability to clearly
label right from wrong. While many issues really only require someone
to apply their common sense, some issues require deeper thought and
analysis before determining right from wrong. It is our responsibility to
give thought to the wise and responsible use of technology.

Let’s look at some different ethical situations handled wrongly that can
and do cause harm to others. If a person enters your locker late at night
and steals your property and the next day at school you see private
pictures or notes on display at your school, you probably will feel
violated and very hurt. This is no different than someone entering your
files and looking at your work or reading your E-mail.

Some people copy software and then give out their copy for others to
use. Programmers and software creators lose millions of potential sales
each year due to this simple crime. Some programmers work for years
perfecting a program. Money lost due to sales not made only increases
the cost of those programs actually sold.

There are other crimes with more dangerous consequences. People who
are extremely bright with computers sometimes use their abilities for
evil. They create programs we call viruses to take control of our
computers in some way. Sometimes these programs actually destroy the
contents of our computer.

So what do you think? Is it right to peer into someone else’s electronic
property? We do something like that in many of the cases, because its
easy to do so. And the question of that right and wrong gives birth to
Computer Ethics.

Computer ethics is a branch of practical philosophy which deals with
how computing professionals should make decisions regarding
professional and social conduct. The importance of computer ethics
increased through the 1990s. With the growth of the Internet, privacy
issues as well as concerns regarding computing technologies such as
spyware and web browser cookies have called into question ethical
behavior in technology.

Let us take a look at some real events not too far from our neighborhood:-

1) A popular landline telephone company of Kolkata gives broadband
internet connection, strange as it seems but the passwords for all new
users are same, if you know or guess the username it can be easily
hacked, many users are misusing this way but it is punishable by fine or
even jail

2) Orkut is an online public portal of a popular corporation on Internet
named Google. Being developed with aim of creating social networks this
gives a facility to create custom user profile and communicate with other
friends or acquaintances. But the same way it’s easy to create fake
profile. Abhishek, a 19-year-old management student, never imagined
that the prank he played on his classmate would land him in jail. He
created a fake account on the name of a girl and following her complaint
about tarnishing her image in the public forum – Orkut, the Thane Cyber
Cell tracked down Abhishek from the false e-mail id that he made.

3) Also we know, Avinash Bajaj, the CEO of Baazee.com, the Indian
subsidiary of eBay, was arrested by the Indian police for distributing
pornography.

Thus easier to do doesn’t necessarily mean legal to do. And proper care
and knowledge should be taken before going to take any doubtful step in
this open chamber of all possibilities.

Well these activities are ignored to certain limits and that limit depends
on the ethical standardization of different countries. One of the most
definitive sets of ethical standards is the Association for Computing
Machinery Code of Ethics. The code is a four-point standard governing
ethical behavior among computing professionals. It covers the core set of
computer ethics from professional responsibility to the consequences of
technology in society. The Information Technology Act 2000 (ITA-
2000) is an Act of the Indian Parliament notified on October 17, 2000. It
addresses the following issues.

1. Legal Recognition of Electronic Documents
2. Legal Recognition of Digital Signatures
3. Offences and Contraventions
4. Justice Dispensation System for Cyber Crimes

Recent modifications on this act make it more active.

Now let us take a practical example of the reason behind all these and its
use.

Copy protection of software and other digital media

Software has always been evolving. Every single piece of software is
eventually replaced by a better, more improved version of that software.
Software development is not an easy task. It takes research and deep
analysis as well as huge labor and time. And above all, it takes money to
get the software developed. Software that is sold commercially is priced
in a way that it gives the back cost of making it and also yields some
profits.

The same philosophy lies behind Audio CDs and Game CDs. Costs of
hiring a recording studio and recording in there along with promotional
costs add up to a whopping amount. This increases even more when it
comes to games. This is why CDs must be protected from being copied
illegally so as to protect the interest of the developers and sellers.

What makes CD Copy Protection Difficult?

From many decades, a silent war is ongoing between developers and
crackers. Developers, in order to protect their software from being copied,
keep building new technologies while crackers try to find all the ways to
overcome it. In the world of today, CD Copy Protection has become
difficult due to the spread of the internet that allows anonymity and due to
the availability of CD/DVD Burners and software.

In short we can have a look (you may ignore if you find it unnecessary)
about some interesting techniques for doing this.

Techniques for CD Copy Protection

There exist a multitude of CD Copy Protection techniques all of which
have been cracked. The following text shows some of the most common
ones.

1. CDCops - CDCops is used to tell original CDs from copied ones. It
works by checking for an encrypted value present as an 8-bit value in the
original CD. The CD Cops technique performs this check time and again
to ensure that the CD being used is an original one. The problem here, as
is obvious, is that since the correct value is stored on the CD though
encrypted, crackers can still decode it to make copies.

2. DiscGuard - Developed by TTR technologies, DiscGuard is a
protection technique that stores the protection routine and executables on
the CD in an encrypted form along with a digital code to decrypt it. This
digital code is not produced when the CD is copied. The program will run
normally from an original CD while a copied one can execute any other
file (usually a Demo of the software) as the developer sees fit.

3. LaserLock - LaserLock was developed by MLS Laser Lock
International and places a hidden directory containing unreadable errors.
An encryption routine and unique laser marking on the CD surface are
used disable copying.

4. SafeDisc - SafeDisc was developed by C-Dilla (which is now called
Macrovision) and is considered the most commonly used CD protection.
SafeDisc divides the .exe file into two parts. The first one stores the
routine to decrypt the second file and the second file is encrypted based

on the first file. Reading such disc at a low speed and using 1 to 1 CD
Copying overcomes it.

5. SecuROM - SecuROM was developed by Sony and it is quite similar
to SafeDisc. It is characterized by the existence of files like CMS16.DLL,
CMS_95.DLL or CCMS_NT.DLL.
6. VOB - VOB is the latest CD Copy Protection techniques on the lines of
SecuROM and SafeDisc. VOB uses anti-disassembling routines and these
make the debugging take considerable amount of time hence deterring
crackers.

7. CD Checkers - They are the most basic type of protection and come in
different styles. For example, they may not let the application run from a
CD Writer drive or an emulated drive. These can be easily overcome by
the modern CD-Burners.

8. Region Codes - It is used with DVDs. Each DVD has a region code
such that it can be played only in a particular country of the world. This
has been a failure though as it is easy to modify the DVD Players to
ignore such codes.

These I think are quite a few basics of computer ethics. Now starting
from logic and way of thinking about the terms there are also some myths
regarding this.

Common Myths:

 Unless you make money and charge for the copy then you are
not in violation of copyright laws.
 If a work doesn't have a copyright notice it is not copyrighted.
 If you own a picture someone else painted you now own the
copyright.
 You can remain anonymous when you copy songs from a file
sharing software service on the web.
 You can risk losing your copyright if you don't defend it against
violators or register it with the government.
 Fair use is not a defense against a copying lawsuit.
 Educators and students can copy any amount of work from a
copyright source without asking permission.

We now move onto another aspect of computer ethics, which is computer
security.

What do we mean by Computer Security?

A computer many a times contains important information that needs to be
protected from any unauthorized access. This information may be
anything from a file storing data about employees to passwords.
Computer security deals with controlling such and other risks that are
involved with the use of a computer.

The aim of computer security and its techniques is to create a platform
where the users of the computer (which maybe a human user or a
program itself) can only access and modify those parts of the computer
that they are authorized to. The scheme or set of rules that specify who is
allowed to do what is called the security policy of a computer system.
There are various limitations that can be enforced such as restriction of
access or modification or deletion or a combination of these.

An important aspect of computer security is that it does not render a
system useless; it only prevents its misuse by unauthorized users.
Therefore, a computer system locked away from any power inside a box
is not said to be useful though it is secure. In a secure system the
authorized users of that system are still able to do what they should be
able to do.

Techniques under Computer Security

Computer security is broadly divided into two approaches to it. These two
approaches are computer security itself, which considers a computer
system insecure in itself and computer insecurity, which assumes a
computer system to be a ‘trusted’ or ‘secure’ system.

Under the first approach, the aim is to redesign (not in hardware terms)
the system in such a manner that it becomes more secure. Under the
approach of computer insecurity, the main aim is to protect the system
from external threats only. Depending on the situation and the
environment, either of the two approaches maybe effective.

Some of the techniques used for securing a computer system are
discussed below:

Automated Theorem Proving

Automated theorem proving is actually a field of study under
automated reasoning where mathematical theorems are proven by a
computer program. By putting this into use for computer security, some
critical algorithms are proven by the computer itself, telling if it is secure
and if yes, to what degree. In this way, programs that do not contain any
bugs. Examples include EROS and Coyotes microkernel.

Cryptographic techniques

To make data being communicated over a network or other medium
secure so as to prevent unauthorized access after it is intercepted,
cryptographic techniques are used. This also involves the use of some
very strong authentication techniques so that end-points of a
communication are real (that is, the same that were meant to be
communicating).

Chain of trust

Under this technique, all hardware and software components of a
system are validated as being authentic one after another starting at the
bottom-most level.

Mandatory access control

This technique allows system administrators to specify a minimum
level of restriction on use of resources. These restriction requirements are
also applicable to the resources created by some other user of the system
as well. So, such a user cannot provide a lesser degree of restriction to
resources that they own.

Backups and Other Protection

Data contained in a computer system needs to protected from loss due
to an unplanned for event (contingencies) such as a system crash or
accidental deletions. This involves use of backups whereby the data is
saved on a storage media other than the usual ones used daily by the
system. This includes CD-Rs, CD-RWs and DVDs etc. On the other
hand, anti-virus software protect computer from being affected by
malware including computer viruses. Firewall software prevent
unauthorized of the computer over a network. Encryption techniques are
used to encode data in a format not understandable normally.

We are also affected by different evil procedure of breaking computer
security. To find a solution and to make it easier to use let us take a look
on some basic methods for preventing computer security problems.

Using Firewall

What is a Firewall?

A firewall is a computer program (software) or hardware that performs
the important function of stopping unauthorized access to a computer
connected to a network. The extent to which a firewall monitors and
prevents traffic over a network from reaching a particular computer
system is determined by the network security policy defined on the
computer system. A firewall may also be called a Border Protection
Device (BPD) or packet filters. A firewall determines or marks certain
zones, each having a certain (or no) level of trust. A firewall then controls
the traffic moving between a zone of complete trust or high trust and a
zone of no or very low trust. A typical example would be that of a
computer system (the trusted zone) and the Internet (a zone of no trust).
This way, any unwanted programs or other types of infection are
prevented from entering the trusted zone.

Types of firewalls

Firewalls are distinguished from one another on the basis of the following
criteria:

Scope of communication:

Firewalls may work in situations where there is only a single node or
computer system communicating with a network or there maybe two or
more networks communicating with each other. On this basis a firewall
maybe one of the following:
o Personal Firewall

These are software programs which filter the traffic that enters a
single computer system to and fro a network it is connected to
o Network Firewalls

These firewalls are placed between the boundaries of the two or
more networks that are communicating with each other. Usually, they are
placed on their own dedicated server or other network device.

Interception Layer:

A firewall may either monitor or intercept the traffic at the n etwork
layer or at the application layer. On this basis, the following types of
firewalls maybe identified –

o Network layer firewalls

Network layer firewalls monitor the traffic at the network level
and completely stop the suspicious traffic from entering the network or
single node

o Application layer firewalls

These firewalls intercept traffic at the Application Layer of the
TCP/IP network protocol. Thus, all traffic such as that of Telnet, FTP etc.
are monitored

o Operating System firewalls

These are lower in the hierarchy as compared to application layer
firewalls and they only control the operating system or other system
software

State tracking:

Some firewalls may or may not track the state of the communication
being done over a connection. On this basis, two types of firewalls maybe
identified:

o Stateful firewalls

These types of firewalls monitor the traffic and also keep record
of the state of the network connections from where the data came

o Stateless firewalls
These types of firewalls inspect each packet in complete isolation
of other packets received and does not keep any record of the state of the
connection that they came from

Using Antivirus Software

What is a computer virus?

A computer virus is a self-replicating computer program that spreads by
inserting copies of itself into other executable code or documents. When a
virus inserts itself into an existing computer or file, it is termed as an
"infection", and the infected file, or executable code that is not part of the
virus itself, is called a "host". Viruses are one of the several types of
malicious software or malware that includes Trojan horses, worms etc.
However, a virus, as a term, is often extended to refer to all of these types
of malware.

What is Antivirus Software?

Antivirus software is a collection or set of computer programs that are
used to detect and eliminate computer viruses and other malicious
software or malware from a computer system. Antivirus software is also
used to prevent the computer system from getting infected from a virus in
the first place.

All antivirus software tries to detect such malicious programs by using
two methods:

* Examination

Commonly called scanning, antivirus software scan files and try to
find a match between the code in the program with the virus definitions
that they hold in their ‘dictionary’(database) of viruses.

* Identification

Antivirus software may also detect suspicious behavior demonstrated
by a program which may imply that the computer system is infected.

In the real world, antivirus software usually uses a combination of both
these techniques though the virus dictionary technique is more superior to
the other one.

Methods used by antivirus software

Dictionary

This is the most popular method used by antivirus software. Under
this method of virus detection, the antivirus software inspects a file and
while doing so, it takes the help of a dictionary that stores the definitions
of known viruses. If a match is found between the virus definition and the
file, the viruses is said to be detected and the file is said to be infected.
Once this has been done, the antivirus will try to repair the file by
removing the code belonging to the virus from the file. If this fails, then
the file is made inaccessible to any programs hence keeping the virus
limited to the file only. This is commonly called as quarantining a file. As
a last resort, the antivirus would delete the infected file.

This technique of virus detection is characterized by what are called
updates. Updates are additions to the virus dictionary maintained by the
antivirus software which need to be made periodically so as to make the
software capable of detecting newer viruses. These updates are usually
done over an internet connection and are usually automatic. The updates
are results of some users of the antivirus software to report a new kind of
virus as and when they appear to the manufacturing company which then
provides an update for all the other users. The updates may also be the
result of the programmers or developers of software finding about a new
kind of virus threat.

An important feature of this type of scanning is that files are scanned
every time they are opened, closed or processed in some way by the
Operating System of the computer. This way, it becomes possible to
detect computer viruses as soon as they infect a particular file. Such
dictionary- based may also be scheduled to be performed at a particular
time by the user, say, on a particular date and time or at regular intervals.

Suspicious behavior

The suspicious behavior method is unique in the sense that it can help
detect viruses even if they are not present in the virus dictionary of the
software. Under this method, all programs are constantly observed for
suspicious behavior. This includes writing data to an executable file. If
this happens, the program is marked as being a virus (or the file being
marked as infected) and the necessary action is taken after the user’s
consent.

Other approaches

Some antivirus-software may use heuristic analysis for virus
detections. Under this, a part of the code of a program is first emulated,
that is, given a test run before by the antivirus system before the control is
given to the program itself. At this stage, if the behavior of the program
seems to be suspicious, it can be detected as being a virus. However, this
approach is quite inefficient.

Methods to avoid phishing

What is Phishing?

Phishing is a type of criminal activity that makes use of social
engineering techniques to acquire sensitive information of the victim.
Persons who indulge in phishing are called Phishers. They often try to
retrieve information such as passwords or credit cards by acting as a
trustworthy person or business. Essentially, phishing is done over the
internet by using e-mails or instant messaging. Phishing is an illegal
activity and is often dealt with seriously through legislation. A phisher,
when caught and proven guilty is imposed with huge fine and
imprisonment.

How to tell if you have a phishing mail

There are certain things in a phishing mail that giveaway the fact that it is
spoofed. Here are some of these identifiers:

Spelling mistakes

Spoofed mails often contain serious spelling mistakes which one
cannot expect from a professional service. For example, the bank’s name
maybe spelt wrong at a particular place or certain other words maybe
spelt wrongly. An example is “choise” for “choice”.

Images

Spoofed e-mail often contains images that are not real such as the sign
of a bank. This is so because the phisher has tried to reproduce it using
some software and hence an exact replica is sometimes not possible. Such
a mistake can be confirmed by a close examination and comparison of the
image in the mail and the real mail.

E-Mail Headers

E-Mail headers are another way to tell if a mail is spoof. E-mail
headers show where the e-mail originated hence reveals the identity of the
phisher.

Link addresses and IPs

Such e-mails often contain links to websites where one needs to enter
his password in order to “verify his account”. A closer look on such links
(called hyperlinks) would tell that they point to strange websites which
read something like http://72.68.34.76/verify. If the mail was to be from
the bank, the website name would have been that of the bank.

Applying Cryptography

What is Cryptography?

Cryptography, also called cryptology, is a discipline of mathematics and
of computer science that relates to information particularly encryption
and authentication.

Cryptography usually refers to encryption alone but in reality, decryption
is also a part of it. Cryptography, as a word, has been derived from the the
basic aim behind cryptography is to convert information (plain text) into
unreadable form (cipher text). Ciphers are algorithms to encrypt and
decrypt data. While some techniques use the same algorithm to encrypt
and decrypt data, some advanced ones have different algorithms in which
case the cipher is a pair of the two.

Cryptographic techniques

The modern field of cryptography can be divided into several areas of
study as follows:

Symmetric-key cryptography

Symmetric-key cryptography refers to encryption methods in which
both the sender and receiver share the same. Today, it is related to study
of block ciphers and stream ciphers and to their applications. A block
cipher takes a block of plaintext and a key as input and outputs a block of
cipher text of the same size. Stream ciphers, on the other hand, operate on

a continuous stream of plaintext, and produce an encrypted output stream
based on an internal state which changes as the cipher operates.

Public-key cryptography

Considered the most revolutionary thought in cryptography, public-
key cryptosystems use a public key that may be freely distributed, while
its paired private key must remain secret. In public-key encryption, the
public key is the encryption key, and the private or secret key is the
decryption key. The RSA algorithm is one of the best examples of this
type of cryptography. It is used to implement digital signature schemes
and is based on computational complexity of problems which pertains to
number theory.

I believe the domain of computer ethics is quite large and extends to
issues which affect all of us. Hope this helps to understand the basics of
security and privacy regarding computing environments. The
development of responsible computing values and behavior in our
children requires good role models and instruction and reinforcement of
these values and acceptable behaviors.

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¯anI - A¯anI - Aæp¯anI - …kFu¯anI
bad Zay na Ÿkˆ† ...
…Kn br„ A-kibta ŸlKaFa† S¹¡,
ta† Se×r ipef S× jueR
otrI Hy raiS raiS kibta
dueàbaDY-ibmUàt -As„lgÈ - ibi¬CÊ - ibiQÐ
ó»Upakar Se×r BIR

iKed Ÿpel Ÿkˆ cƒad ŸdeK ikna jainna
ikÇ¼ kibta ilKet paer sba†
teb Zara iKed Ÿpel ikCu bel na,
muiñbÁ Hat ŸCaeR VkaeS
Vr
kƒaed ic‡kar ker -
karN taedr ŸcaeK …Knw ibýmy VeC
pâiTbIFa wedr kaeC ibmUàt ny|
ny DUsr, ibi¬CÊ, ibiQÐ, dueàbaDY,
ny pca gla pca gla ma„esr ó»Up
…† ibxa¹¡ gYaesr pâiTbIet wra ta† Sÿas Ÿny
iniëceÇ»
Vr
VkaeSr idek taikey Vela ŸKƒaej

wra ikCuidn pr
bR Heb,
bueRa Heb,
Ÿlalup iSkair paiKr ŸcaeKr meta …† pâiTbIek
icneb wra
Vr
Ÿs† ŸramaiÆFisjm - …r kbrKanay bes
wraw
kibta ilKeb .........

Ÿrajnamca
SãIjata §Ð

(1)

†ejel Fa–alam VkaS kYanBas
carekal Faenr VbCa paHaR
Katar Bƒaej r–In kagej
§iCey raiK
.......Vmar AeBYs^

(2)

ndIr bƒaek w† ŸZ ŸdeKa gaC
Jirey idela …kiF pata........,tara Ksela ŸZn|
ik ca†el ?
ŸcaKiF buej ?
…Knw …sb maena ?

(3)

z„ z„ z„...... gIàja janay
n'Fa baej
pãay.....
kƒaeD bYag iney kaejr BIeR
…bar ŸZet† Hy......
(4)

Herk ŸcaeKr …ekk Basa
nIlec-sbuj,DUsr ba......
dUerr ŸcaK kTa k†l
ntun .....Helw
Ÿcna ŸnSa|

(5)

tuim …Kaen Ÿkn …el?
…† peT …† ndIr Kƒaej Vsa Ÿtamar Bul
…k inemex,
k™-iJkiJk.........Apur kaeC
ŸPr...... kaSP™l|

pâiTbIr ŸKƒaej

AiBexk das

pâiTbIr ŸKaƒej Ÿs …kidn pT clet ìr› keriCl
(Kail paey)
Haet tar ÷pÈ iCl ....
bYaeg Gaesr bIj ...
sbuj kreba r›Qta ...
r¹¡a¹¡ ŸfƒaeF iSs ...
maef ìey ŸTek,ŸdKt …ksaeT ...
Vnmen kTa blt Ÿs taraedr saeT ...
nIl,Hlud paiKr dl bseta …es kaƒeD ...
blt tara "gæp bl na SHerr wpaerr' ...
Hfa‡ ÷pÈ Tmek daRay ...
cairidk inëcup ...
kaelaŸDƒawyay VkaS Cay ...
paiKra sb By pay ...
bâiñ Vj AYaish Hy ...
÷pÈ puiRey ŸbRay ...
Hajar ÷pÈ Ves Hajar ÷pn Zay ...
w† ŸCelFar ÷pÈ Vim ilKb Ÿkan smaiDr gay?

"AmlkaiÇ»'... bÉ™ iCl Baela^

pãItm daS §Ð/ŸsOmY ma†it

Ÿtamar ŸcaeK Vmar VkaS kaƒed,
ŸfaƒeFr nIec sutIbã …k maya....
kTar meDY onWS× bel,
kanÈaJra kTarw VeC Caya |
suÐ kTa VkaSlIna Hey,
Ÿgapn bYTay DUsr ŸpKm Ÿmel|
buekr inec "AmlkaiÇ»' men,
£aÇ» Hey ibbad ker,ŸKel|

Vmar kTay ŸKyal iCl Baeba,
tar maeJet Hœdy idtam jueR|
Ÿtamar kaeC kTar maen ìDu..
r›QtaFa-†... menr V§n dUer|

Vmar V§n r„-Panuesr saTI,
menr Vgl Hœdy parabaer|
Ÿtamar saeT Aicnpuerr rait,
bÉ™taFa sudUr ŸtpaÇ»er|

Vj Vmar ìDu sÐiniSr pap,
Ÿtamar VeC idgiÇ»kay Vela|
mu¹¡ men bleb tuim jain....
"AmlkaiÇ»'... bÉ™ iCl Baela^

ibidSaek

ibº¡mij‡ cYaFaàjI

Haèa Hawyar nrm Ÿraed,
kIesr ŸZn gÉ ŸBes Ves,
Ÿkmn ŸZn Hairey Za†, Ÿkmn ŸZn duWK
Hy|
kI ŸZn Ÿn†,kI ŸZn HaireyiC,
bR dUer ŸkaTaw cel ŸgeC Ÿkˆ,
AsHay …kakI raet, dUerr taraFar
idek taka†
Ÿtar kTa men peR|
Ÿtar ŸcaK ŸBes wef "kalpur›exr'
kiFet|
Hat baRa† Cuƒet, ikÇ¼ bR dUer ŸZ
tu†,
kKena paeba na Ÿjen† Ÿcey Taik,
…kaÇ» Vpnar Ÿs† Velar idek,
raetr …kakI VƒDaer ; Balbais,
Vj Ÿtar Hat, Ÿs Aenk dUerr,
AnY Ÿkan smeyr Haet Ÿtar Hat,
Vmar AsHay inîPl Hat ta†
VƒDar HateR ŸPer, Vy,
men per Ÿs taraw kKn kaeC iCl,
Vderr iCl, Balbasar iCl,
Vj ta† … smyek ibday jainey,
paiR id† Ÿkanw AtIt ba VgamIet,
ikCuFa kaeCr ker Ÿpet Ÿs† taraek
,Ÿtaek,
kæpna ŸHak, jadu ŸHak, Ùm ŸHak,
k'iF QeNr jnY cay Ÿtaek, kaeC|
ŸZ k'iF idn dUerr Ÿjenw Ÿcey ŸTekiC
,Š tarar idek,
jaineyiC Vdr ,Ÿpãm,
Ÿs k'iF idenr ter , Ÿtaek kaeC ca†|
Vlada ker ca†, ...
Vmar ker ca†...|

peR pawya kibta

s²Ib iSkdar

celiClam
…kakI …kaiketÔr saeT|
k™iRey Ÿplam …kFukera kagj...
…kFa kibta|
P™ireyiCl pãeyajn kar›r kaeC,

ŸceyiCl Duelay bes
ntun pafk |
jIben du'ePƒaFa ŸcaeKr jl...
taek Ztþ ker pekeF puer Ÿneb
Balebes|

Ger iPer Baƒj Kuel ŸdiK
Ÿs Vr Ÿn†,
ŸBes ŸgeC ASã›jel...
ŸreK ŸgeC Vmar jnY ÷pÈnIl|

pâiTbIr meta
AiBexk das

…kFa pâiTbIr mt Balbasa
otrI krel Ÿkmn Hy?
Aenk§ela gãeHr mt Vrw …kFa gãH
Ÿs† gãeHr r„ Ÿkmn?
sUàZ idey Ÿdeb|
Ÿs† gãeHr nam ik?
manux ifk kreb|
ŸsKaen kara Takeb?
Ÿkn prIra?
ŸsFa ik idey otrI?
ibSÿas,inW÷aàTta,AnuBUit,ŸøH ...
Vrw kt ik ,Za manux Ÿjenw jaen na !
manux Ÿs† gãeH Zaeb ZKn pâiTbIet
tar baƒcar taigd cel Zaeb,Balbasa kem Zaeb
ZuÁ Vseb|
manux Ÿsidn gãeHr Velar isƒiR Der
…ek Aperr V–ul Der ŸHeF Zaeb Ÿs† peT
buek VSar Vela iney Balbasar HatCainet ....

V§n

AiniÆdta cYaFaiàj

V§n ca†..V§n..
menr meDY ŸZ V§n
Ÿkn iniBey id† taek...Ÿkbl† Vepaexr iCeF idey ?
raó»ar Daerr ngÈ iSìiF
mar kaeC ŸceyiCl ik …kFu V§n ?
ZaW! taw ik Hy?
jiFl mn Ÿkbl† jiFlta ŸKƒaej
Zar iÃDa Ÿn†
tar eta V§enr pãeyajnw Ÿn†...
bYalkinr paeSr káx—cURaFay pirpUàN V§n
w paeRr paglFa...
ŸZ ibDatar saeT ŸbaeRr cal Ÿmlaet bYó»
tarw ik V§enr pãeyajn Hy?
na ŸbaDHy ..Zar muK VeC tar mueKaS ba V§n
ŸkanFar-†
pãeyajn Hy na ...
Vmar ik ŸbaD Hy ??
ŸZidn ŸdKeb Vim.. Ÿn†^
Ÿsidn Ÿjena..
V§n ŸKeyiC...V§n HeyiC ...Vim|

ŸpãemRay


"car›' Vim "Aml' Heba-
hakeba- "ebOfan'...
Gerr maiF niRey Ÿdeba-
ga†eba JeRr gan^

ikÜa Dera "Apu'† Hlam-
Ÿtamay Baelaebes...
"ApàNa' Hey "s„sar'Fa-
Birey tuela …es^

nyeta Vim "iniKl' Heba-
…kla Baelabasay-
"ba†er' tuim-SUnY "Ger'-
jageba Ÿtamar VSay^

Hyeta "AiBZaºI' Heba-
bIrBUemr† rae•-
pailey Zaeba-dujn imel-
Vmar ŸmaFrkaer^

"smaiÐ' ny Ÿpãm Ÿjayaerr-
sUcna …†Baeb,
Buleba dujn-ŸkaTay iClam!
…rper ik Heb ?

…rperet kifn smaj-
ŸKidey idel peT,
cleba dujn-dujn …ka,
Ÿpãemr-"maink'reT...^

Ba–enr smy

pãItm daS §Ð

…Fa Ba–enr smy,
…Kn "w' Kub inàdy,inàmm Hey Zay.....
itl-itl ker geR Ÿtala sÚpàk §ela-
maiFr saeT maiFr ..
menr saeT menr...
Za VƒkeR Taket cay,iSkeRr Hat dueFa,
"w' ŸJeR ŸPel Hœdy ŸTek …k inemex-
Ÿkan pãsaDenr ŸbarKa na per...
inàmm baó»b idey ,
stY idey |
inejr …k VGaet† ŸSx ker sb,
cel Zay AnY kšel ,AnY men,
ntun suÆdr pâiTbIŸt|
tbu Gr bƒaiD ..." w'r paeS
"w' r menŸt†|
ŸBe˜ Zawya Gr Vmar,
Cad Ÿn†,Ÿdyal Ÿn†...
Ÿn† Ÿkan pãiteraD,
tbu "w'r paeS daiRey..
Ÿraj Vmar Ger sÉYa pãdIp jÔaileyiC,
janalay pàda laigeyiC,
ŸBe– Zawya duyar Kanaet
inîPl tala J™ileyiC|
Hœdeyr Haet inejek sƒep idey
… Vmar …k ŸbVbã› SalInta|

Cƒakin
AiBexk das
VkaeSr kamna-Ÿbdna Cƒakin idey ŸCƒek,
jIbnek jIibt krar pãecña...
maiJ puk™er ŸnOka bay...
ndI tar BaFay VSÿas Ÿdy inrap¹ar
matal pâiTbI ŸnSay cƒadek pãSÈ ker...
Ÿkena tu† Baelabasil Vmay?...

Ÿtamay
…kla menr …ktaraFa Ÿtamar suer† baej ,
baˆl … mn Vnmna Hy, mn laegna kaej|
Ÿtamar ŸcaeKr gHIn nedr inkx kaela jel,
hub saƒtaer ŸpOƒCaet ca† etamar Hœdytel|
Ÿtamar ŸfƒaeFr Ÿgalapdelr kr›N ibxNÈta,
duWKiblax …kFu baRay Ÿtamar Ÿplbta|
Ÿtamar buek sb ŸBalaena iSiSreBja ÷ad,
hub idet ca† , silel ÷pen kaeF rat|
Vmar menr icel Ÿkafay SuuDu† Ÿtamar bas,
Vmar menr buena ŸGaRar Ÿtamar Haet† raS|
Ÿpãm maen ta† samen Vmar tuim† daRaw …es,
…† icifFa Vj ŸlKa ta† Ÿtamay Baelaebes|
Ÿtamar AepQaet† Vmar SUNY Hœdybait,
jÔailey ŸreK kaFa† Vmar SItl nIrb rait|

Ÿtar jnY
Ÿtar jnY ‰Sÿr Het pair,
ilKet pair Hajar gan|
pãit sUeàZYr ŸgaDuil ....
Vr pãit sÉYar VkaS|
Zid Ÿtar kTa bel ..
teb...
Vimw taedr ŸSanay Vmar kTa,
Ÿtar gan|
Hajar sÉYa,Hajar ibekl,lQ gan..
taw baik rey Zay ikCu kTa,Vrw ikCu gan....
pãit bàxay pãTm ZKn bâiñ naem..
tKn Ÿs Ÿtar kTa bel|
iBej maiF ŸTek Ÿtar-† gÉ pa†,
menr tâiÐ Ÿtar kTa men kray|
taek tu† ŸBeb ìDa†...
""iker men prl ?''
Ÿs bel ..
""HƒYa,…lam bCr Guer''...
Baib ...bCr ?
teb , Hajar sÉYa ,Hajar ibekl ,lQ gan ?
buiJ tu† Ÿnas..
…k Hajar …ktm sÉYa Ves,Vbar sUàZY Ÿhabar
per,
Vbar ŸSana† Ÿtar kTa, Ÿtar gan,
dUerr VkaeSr nIec tu† ìnet pas na ik?

SYawla
ViBexk das
Vmar SYawla Dra
icelekafar Ÿdwyaelr mDYib¹ta ...
Vmar Q™Å cawya pawya ..
Vmar ˆeÀSYHIn jIbn Zapenr raetr Ÿkan …k
Ajana tara ...
Vmar j„ Dra Paƒka paiKr Kaƒca ...
Vmar cup ker Takar AeBYs ...
sbuj bâiñr inàjn dupuer Ÿraedr saeT ŸGara ...
Vr sb ikCu Buel igey ramDnu Hey VkaeS buk
pata ...
AÉ iBiKirek raó»a ŸdiKey ŸcaeKr jl ...
Vr lYaÚpepaeör inec Cayar Aibram claePra ...
iBÊ piriDr As„KY manuexr iBeR mui¹¡r Ÿcña ...
jIbn na Hy ŸKals ŸTek Ÿbirey …kFu Velar
inWSÿas inl ...
iSkaerr Faen Aió»tÔ ŸbaJal ...
Vr sdY ŸBja maiFr geÉ Ÿs† mUûeàt Vmaedr Hais
…en idl ...
Vmar Bal lagar baó»bta Ÿtamaedr Balbasa iCl ^

w† duiF ŸcaeK
s²Ib iSkdar
SaÇ» dIiGr jel-
ŸgaDUil bataes imel
iJikimik Vela-tara...
luekacuir ŸKla cel|
cupcap Ÿkan kTa
Hebna tbuw bYTa,
ˆƒik idey Za† tbu
pãaeNr prSdel|
Zab na sagrtIer...
rb na taedr iBeR...
÷¬C ŸctnaFuk™
Vmaek baƒiDeC nIeR|
…Kaen† ŸdeKiCelm
÷epÈ kKena Vim,
bes ViC isMt Hais,
bataes raKal baƒSI|
baˆelr srlta..
…k buk gBIrta..
Vmar iniëciÆdpur
ìDu w† duiF ŸcaeK|
AÉjen idl Vela,
mâtjen pãaN,
ŸkaTaw laegin Bal
…Kaen† Vmar óùan ||

iPer …esa
ŸsOmY ma†it
ŸgaDulIr mra Vela
gaey ŸmeK
påIj iPer …esa|
iPer …s
Ÿs† Ÿcna Ÿgalap gaCFar kaeC...
Ÿs† Ÿcna P™l§ela Vj
Vr Ÿn† ..
ntun kƒ™iRra Ÿtamar
AepQay idn §neC ...
iJƒiJƒ haek,
AÉkaer ibxNÈta Jer|
man-AiBmaenr
cadr sirey
ŸPel Vsa sb
bYTa Vr AiBman-Ÿk ihi–ey
Zid paera
buekr ŸBtr ŸmOnmuKr
Velar Ÿctnay
Duey igey
Ÿgalap gaCFar idek
ŸcaK Ÿmel ideya
AÇ»t …kbar ...
Vleta ŸCaƒyalaga
ibekelr Velaet
ŸdKeb Ÿs† Ÿgalaepr r„
Vjw …k† rkm lal...
taet Abak Hbar ikCu Ÿn†,
ìDu Abak Heb
ZKn ŸdKeb
tar kƒaFa§elaw
lal ...
Vmar re¹¡,
tuim ik Vbar cel Zaeb ?

†tó»t jIbn
pãItm daS §Ð

skal §ela ik rkm SItl óùibr Hey ŸgeC|
Gum Ba–a Als ŸcaeK AkarN sUàZYFa-
Vleta Vduer........
ŸradFaw ŸZn Kub Ÿmik......
mnFaek Vr ˆ¹ap idet pareC na|
ìDu inWS× k™yaSar …k GumÇ» Velayan gaey....
… Vmar …k inëcup idnaitpat|
tbu idn kaeF iden...
Vela Hairey Zay,
jIbenr ikCu AÉkar kana gilet|

tbu w† Hlud ibekl §elaet......
ZKn Ÿsana-ŸmeGr Velay sba† øan ker|
skalFaek ibday jainey ,raetr AepQay...
menr re– ker jlekil ŸKla|
tKn Zid …kPail V§n kKnw paeS pa†|
…kFu ˆx—ta,…kFu inëcyta....
Za Vmaek sbuj idet paer.....
.....DUsrtar cadr sirey|
tbu ŸKalS ŸCeR Ÿbret parbna|
…kFa Ajana By.....
…† nrm ApFu HatFa pueR ŸZet paer
ba icr-SItl.....
ta† Vbar VƒeFasaƒeFa Velayan gaey jRaena,
menr V§nFaek paeS ŸreK,
idenr VelaFar SÿasŸraD ker,
Vera …kraS jbuTbu idnaitpat|

pâiTbI Ÿtar SaiÇ»kamnay
AiBexk das
pâiTbI Ÿtar SaiÇ»kamnay Vim Hairey ŸPeliC inejek...
pâiTbI Vim Vmar DÕ„só»Uep VCeR ŸPeliC inejek...
pâiTbI Vmar Babnar Ÿctnay tu† Vmar Baelabasa...
pâiTbI Vmar ÷pÈ Ba–ar karKanay Ÿbƒec Takar †¬Ca...
pâiTbI tu† sba†ek Baela raiKs , sbar Baela ŸHak...
pâiTbI Vj saÇ»Ônar Baelabasay ABYó» nrk...
pâiTbI Ÿtar dUxeN mn ŸBjaet pairin...
pâiTbI S×HIn igFaer sur tulet pairin...
pâiTbI Qma ker ids piTkek...
...Zara nrek Guer Guer iPreC...etar Hat Cƒuet paerin...

VHÕan
Vj saraidn iBejiC ;
VkaS Vj saraidn ŸkƒedeC,AeJaer.....
jgetr duWeK bYak™ltay Ÿs kaÊa,
bR pibº ,bR inàml,..
ktidn per AeJaer iBej Vj pibº Hlam|
ntun pãBaetr bàxay øat Vim...
Vj SaÇ» ,tâÐ...
ktFa pT ŸHƒeF Vj Kƒuej ŸpeyiC ,
brxa ŸBja pTFa|
nrm maiFr Ÿsƒada gÉFar saeT celiC ta†,
celiC ŸBja SrIr Vr mnFaek Baelaebes|
celiC jIbenr ÷ad ntun Baeb Ÿnwyar jnY|
ntun pTFaw buiJ ba hakeC Vmay,
Ÿtaek icen Ÿnbar jnY,
iJelr jelr ýpÆdn Vr ŸBja peTr haek...
seÚmaiHt Vim .....…igey cil|
DIer DIer......,ikÇ¼ iniëct …k
ntun sÉYar idek,..
…k ntuntr jIbenr sÉaen...|

ˆƒik
s²Ib iSkdar
dYaeKa Ÿkmn mareC ˆƒik
Hat lagael† jirbuiF
suÆdrek raKeb zaik
buiJ Ÿtar sb calaik^
ŸcaK ca†eb mn ny-
"br' ca†eb-"friend' ny
suKI Hw padedeS-
Sâ˜ibjy Baelaebes^
Het paer sªkIàN-
tbu dYaeKa Vim ˆdar-
raiK na† kaera jenY
KuilyaiC mm Ãar^
ŸcaK VeC muKpaen-
mn VeC paenr Ÿdakaen-
cƒad ŸGaer- pâiTbIw
ibjiynI HaseC men;
tuim idel gàbsuK-
kirna pãkaS ŸkaTaw-
Zid Cƒuet caw ˆ‡smuK-
Kaw Hama§iR Kaw...^

÷epÈr ŸPir

"you may say that I am a dreamer,
but I am not the only one.
And one day you will join us-
And the world will be just one".
sb kTa ŸSx Hey Ÿgel
pâiTbIFa ZKn sat bueRar …k bueRa Heb
tKn gan Ÿgey Zab
ntun pâiTbIr
ileK Zab kibta ik„ba A-kibta
Vmaedr kTa Vmaedr mt
…ƒek Ÿdb Cib kYanBaes ik„ba kYaemray
ŸdKeb eta mn ?
ìnebeta ?

Baela ŸTeka P™l
AiniÆdta cYaFaà°I
Ÿtar jnY ŸcaeKr jl...
gBIr raet missed call
Ÿtar jnY CÆd ibHIn pdY||

Ÿtar jnY Haèa nIl ...
Ÿtar jnY dar›n feel
Ÿtar jnY gan ileKiC sdY||
ŸmeGr iSìr Haet mail...
Ÿtar jnY patal Ÿrl
Ÿtar jnY BIxn HenY H†^
He¬C jYaÇ» ŸPaenr bill...
"iPriB HYay †ey idl'
Ÿkmn ker Ÿs† kTa Fa k'† ??

du'patay duinya

language.......oooooohhh!!!!!!!!!

The first ten days in Finland was more like staying among my
long-known friends. With Riikka, Tommy, Elina and Javier, and
many others, it was like a home away from home.

At times, a sudden brush of cold moist air against my face, or
the new faces among the leaves of the early fall, with their
transient colors from lemon yellow, to orange, and quietly
marching towards bronze-red, trying to catch my attention, the
weighing machine at the vegetable store, or the automatic
opening of the doors at the shopping malls, the unfamiliar faces
of the coins at the same old familiar wallet, and the contrasting
picture of the roadside cafes against the lantern lit tea-shops,
where I made much of my life, reminded me of the alien place
that I belong to, now. In a wink, it flooded me with the memories
that I have left back across the oceans and the seas….it filled
me with all the pain with which I had to leave my cosy little
country and crossed the hills and vales to land amidst some new
faces…..but it was again, the warmth of these faces and their
smiles and the way they took care of me, that I started to nurture
a strong feeling that I am protected and cocooned by some dear
ones, and I was not very wrong!

With these colorful few initial days passing by like silver clouds
across a full moon, the day soon came when I had to leave for
Spain for my academic purposes, and the hour came when I
took the flight from Helsinki, my destination being Barcelona. The
only assets I carried along were the beautiful memories of the
past few days, Javier and Elina's Spanish classes(!), a 'Spanish
to English' dictionary, and the print-out paper of the 'how-to-go-
to-the-concerned-office', which I received by e-mail from my
professor at the University of Lleida, Spain, leaving aside my
luggage, which was hardly an asset!

As I landed at the Barcelona airport, I could sense a cloud of
"being-a-foreigner" and 'being-an-alien" gradually forming around
me!! This eerie sense of alone ness tried to eclipse me, and
grew more as I looked at the instruction boards, heard the
announcements and looked into the eyes of the people around
me. As per instructions from my University, I was supposed to
take a train to a station called Barcelona Sants. I came out of the
airport and looked for the signs, and thanks to the pictorial
guides on the boards, I managed to find the lane for the train
station!

Now was the time to buy a ticket for the train and at the counter I
was frantically searching for a paper and a pen, so that I could
write the name of my destination station and the number of ticket
that I wanted. Well, this time I passed my test, might be not with
a distinction, and at least got a ticket to board the train. I was
pretty, if not sure, but praying for the announcements in train to
be in English…..but, oh my good Lord, I could hear three
languages been spoken through the microphone, and the
beautiful invisible lady, being totally unaware of my presence did
not care to speak a single word in English! One of my co-
passengers in the compartment was a man from either Korea or
Japan or Malayasia, or I don't know where, but I had an intuition
that he can know English. I requested him to make me aware
when my destination arrives. He, thankfully, did so, and I finally
got down from the train; but, hold here, this not the end of the
story, or my adventure. As per the direction in the paper, I had to
take a taxi to the office of the Provincial Council of Barcelona,
where I had to meet my boss. I came out of the station and was
looking around to get some taxis, but in vain. Then desperate to
make my trip a fruitful one, I approached a man who was
crossing the road and asked him, rather shouted in front of him
"TAXI,,,,TAXI", and I don't know what he understood, he took me
by the hand and brought me in front of the taxi-queue. All I could
say to him was "GRACIAS!" before he disappeared amidst the
crowd.

Suddenly, I saw an old friendly face peeping out from the front
seat of one of the taxis, and he approached me, took my luggage
and asked something, which I could guess, was surely an

enquiry about my destination. So I happily showed him the
written document of my "fate" i.e. the address where I was
supposed to go.

He dropped me in front of the office (I could see the board saying
"Diputacio de Barcelona”) and helped me with my luggage, and
waved "ADIOS"!

Another test was awaiting me and that was a real tough one
(well each one succeeded the other in toughness!). My next step
was to find out my boss, Mr. Jordi Soler. I saw an information
centre and asked the person over there that I wanted to meet Mr.
Soler, showed him in writing, but again, in vain! Then another
worker, taking pity on me, came towards me to help. I was
overwhelmed that at last I had found somebody who knew
English……but, oh no! He came with all his help in
Catalan!!!!(the dialect that they speak in this part, which is pretty
different from Spanish)

Then, desperate, frustrated, drained, and "everything-bad-on-
earth" me, shouted in Bengali, "ami Jordi Soler er sathe dekha
korbo, niye jaben ektu?"(I want to meet Jordi Soler, can you
please take me to him?) And, to my utter surprise, he took me to
Jordi Soler, who was anxiously waiting for me since
morning!!!!!!!!

Then passed many more days, struggling through many new
faces, and now I understand a little bit of Catalan, and my friends
over here understand a little bit of English, and we can
communicate quite well, and we all are enjoying the experience..
But one thing that I learnt from this whole experience is that ,
may be, mother tongue brings such an expression on ones face,
the message gets conveyed to the other person, and language
hardly matters; that's how my Bengali worked thousands of miles
away from Bengal!

I really cannot end this without mentioning about the realization
that has dawned upon me………..I work in the forests in and
around Barcelona. Since I had come here, I had faced so much
"trouble" with the languages people speaks, but I never faced
any problem with the language that the forest "speaks". The first
time I entered the forest, I had a feeling, she is a long lost friend,
whom I was bound to meet, and she had been waiting to
embrace me in the soft peaceful shelter of the foliage since the
time she had been standing…… It's the universal language that
she speaks, and you will understand it if you love forest, respect
her and feel one with her. You would need no dictionary to
fathom the light whisper of the gentle breeze through the leaves
or the murmur of the ribbon-stream flowing against the
pebbles……it's a PROMISE!

BINGA!

--
Shreejata Gupta
Faculty of Forestry
University of Joensuu
Finland

iHijibij

narIcirtbàNn
AiBexk rœÅpal

pãZui¹¡gt ikCu AsuibDar kareN
…† ŸlKaiF bàtmaen Capa Ÿgl
na| Vlada Baeb ŸlKaiFr link
Ÿdwya Hl| …† º›iFr jnY
Vmra duWiKt ....

galgæp

(1)
(…† gæpFar Babna Vr icÇ»a ŸkaenaFa† kipra†F Ÿnwya ny-"VnÆdbajar
piºka'r mHaxòIr ibeSx Ÿº¡aRpº "meàtY Vgmn'r pata êæF paeæF
Ÿnwya|gæpFaw ŸbS i£eS-karN gæpFar cirº§elar VeSpaeS †itît
sbsmey† Vgmn-gmn|tbu smy Ÿpel …kbar êæF ŸdKet paern|gæpFa
ŸbiskYail …kFa irma†¸ar Vr ik|)

supairSFa êæF paeæF ŸdbI ŸbS ibisMt Heln|itn Bur›† …kFu kƒucek
Ÿgela|teb itin ikna jgnMata-…eta Aeæp Ÿreg wfa tar saejna-ta†
ŸFibl ŸTek muKFa tuel nÆdIek ijegaeln-
"ik bYapar bleta muKepaRa?'
"Ve¯ ma jnnI Ÿssb Vpin taedir ìeDan-Vmar Haet Ÿta w† daib tuel
tara Ÿdaerr ŸgaRay Ja¸a ŸgƒeRec|'
"tu† …edr meDY Ÿn†?'
"Ve¯ iCW iCW,ik ŸZ beln ma jnunI-…† babar maTar idibY-'
"KaemaKa wnaek iney FanaFain ki¬cs Ÿkena Ÿr bld?inejr idibY kaFú|'
"Ve¯ ma jnunI-ŸZ Ve¯-…† Vmar maTa Cƒuey blic-Vmar bel babar Ÿpsad
na Ÿpel raet duecaeKr pata …k Het† cayna'
"dur H muKepaRa-…† Ÿtaedr jÔalay …kFa idn Zid Ba„ bÆd Ÿrekic Ÿta-
ratBr Ÿcƒaya Ÿzƒk™r tulebn-Z¹sb AlaeÑey BUt-'
"Ve¯ ma jnunI-'
"Vbar Ve¯ ma jnunI'-ŸdbI muK JamFa ideln-"ta Ÿs§ela Ÿkatay?'
"Ve¯ w† ŸZ k†lum Ÿdaerr ŸgaRay-'
"c Ÿdik ik blar Vec taedr'
(2)
…tQeN …Fa inëcy pirïar HeyeC pafk-ŸZ gæpFa ŸdbI dSBUjar s„saerr
Ÿkaena VBYÇ»rIN ŸkaÆdl s„º¡aÇ»-ŸZFa ŸnHa‡ † ÷àgIy Vr Vmaedr sàbeBdI
nakiFr jnYw dueàBdY-teb …kiF sàbBartIy cYaenl "Vj Fkú'r (Vjekr
Fk-Jal smó» †suY iney† Zaedr talk)ikCu AsmsaHsI sa„baidk Hyeta ŸnHa‡
odbbel† Ÿs† Kberr samanY ikCu ra†Fús ikBaeb s„gãH keriCeln ŸsFa
tƒara† jaenn-tƒara pãatWsMrNIy|na Hel …† gæpFaw idenr Velar muK
ŸdKetana|
HeyeCFa ik ŸdbI Vr tƒar sÇ»anaidr pƒac baHn ZTaº¡em-is„H,Ÿpƒca,H„s,myUr
…b„ †ƒdur tƒaedr dabI iney …kiF 48GÆFar bnúD ŸhekeC|bnúeDr smyFaw
ŸmaQm-ifk mHap‚mIr pãatWkael-…b„ Ÿsidn raet† ŸdbIr sdel meàtY
Vgt Hwyar inàGÆF pãó¼t|bnúeDr muKY †suY AnuZayI tara meàtY ŸpƒOeC
AnYbaerr meta …baer me‚ VbÁ Taket Ain¬Cuk|taedr ikCu paeàsanal

affairs tara …† Pƒaek imiFey ŸPlet cay|taedr daib na mana Hel …baer
tara meàtY Zaeb†na|…idek Ÿdbtaedr 2iden DraDaem bCr dueyk| ta†
baHn ibna Ÿdbtara na …el bCr dueyekr meta Saerad‡sb óùigt Hey
Zaeb|…† Vcmka Hanay ŸdbI iki‚‡ ibpàZó»|Zidw HanaFa ifk Vcmkaw
ny|smó» CkiF† kex ideyeCn du† miHla-dabI §ela ilipbÁ kereCn
Baretr pãay AiliKt rajpirbaerr pìepãmI kinòa puºbDU …b„ bnúeDr
raó»aiF bateleCn Vmaedr† ba„lar idid|…mn Ÿ£ajehar imiF„-…r
sueZag Vr kjn pan?-ba¬caelag tail bajaw|
ZaeHak ŸdbI peT ŸZet ŸZet ifk ker ineln-"…edr saeT …bar kRa Het
Heb-nÆdIr saeT ifk VeC-w pueraena Ÿlak-ikÇ¼ …edr saeT …bar
ŸmOiKk BaxaFaw AiPisyal kret Heb-Vr ba¬ca§elaek ik„ba wnaek
…r meDY Ÿzakaena Zaebna-wedr VSkaraet† baHn §ela …eta maTay
ceReC-…Kn k™k™redr ˆpZu¹¡ mu§r drkar|'

(3)
"Vmaedr daib manet Heb,
n†el pueja Pƒaka† Zaeb^'-
is„H …bar GaR Guirey bll-
"wer …Fa Ÿta AenkQN Hela-perrFa Ÿd-'

oklaesr padedeS …kFa ŸCa´ stri‚ Ÿpet ipCen "iniKl oklas baHn
†ˆinyn'r Ja¸a ŸgƒeR sba† bes VeC|

"HƒYa …† eZ -'Hƒas …kFa ŸCa´ kagj …igey idela-

ididr batel Ÿdwya …b„ †ƒduerr (sÚpUàN mHaBariF Sã›itilKen Drar
AiB¯ta Zar VeC tƒar baHenr kaeC …Fuk™ VSa kra† Zay) ilipbÁ
perr ŸSåaganiF …bar pRet ìr› krl º¡manÓey is„H,Ÿpƒca …b„ myUr-

is„HW "káxk Ÿmer FaFa Ÿpãm'
Ÿpƒca w myUr W "ŸSm ŸSm isip…m'

is„HW "kYalaen …Fa ik idil?'
Hƒas W"…† Za-…Fa Ÿta idid tKn ihesÜerr jnY otrI is˜uerr ŸSåagan
bliCeln-w† †ƒdur HtBagaFa ŸsFawileK ineyeC-dƒaRaw ŸdKiC|'

ŸdbI †itmeDY ŸsKaen ŸpƒOeC ŸgeCn-
ŸdbIW "Tak Ÿtamay Vr ŸdKet Hebna-bYaparFa ik Ÿtaedr?'

ŸdbIr rNri˜NI mUiàt ŸdeK sba† …kFu ŸBbel ŸgiCl-sbar Ÿflaefilet
ŸSxpàZÇ» sBapit is„H† blela-
is„HW "VÎVpnaek Ÿta sb† janaena HeyeC|'
ŸdbIW"es Ÿta ŸdKlum-ikÇ¼ wBaeb Ÿkaena kTa Hy|dumú ker bnúD Ÿhek
idil|'

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