Natural Enemies overview of Natural Killers. slide includes various vedioes and gifs.

1. Diversity of natural enemies in farmer field
 Submitted to : Dr. Najitha Banu
 Submitted by: Navdeep Singh
 B.Sc Zoology (honours)
 Regd. No.:11700891
 Section: B1724
 Roll No. 01

2. Natural Enemies
•The natural enemies of plant pests are
considered as farmers' friends.
•Various beneficial organisms that
can help the farmer to keep pests
under control and prevent them from
causing economic damage.
•These so-called natural enemies can be conserved
by taking care with farming practices so that they are not killed or are actually
encouraged.

3. Ever heard the term ??
 Like Dissovles Like
But
here is a twist
Here Like Kills Like

4. How farmers can help to protect
 Farmers can help to keep the balance in their favour in
trying not to harm predatory arthropods such as
ladybirds, spiders and hover fly larvae.
 Use control pesticide products only when necessary and
then not broad spectrum ones
 If control products are used –
use them selectively

5. Types of Natural Enemies
 Predators
 Parasitoids
 Pathogens

6. Predators
 These are organisms that prey and feed on other organisms
 They often feed on various stages of the host (pest): eggs,
larvae, pupae and adult.
 Example: ladybird beetles,
dragonflies,

7. Lady bird beetle
 Important predators of aphids
 Single ladybird can eat 200-300 aphids over its lifetime.
 Adults ladybirds are 7-10 mm long,oval
 both adults and larvae
prey on aphids, leafhoppers,
mealybugs,mites, scales
And whiteflies

8. Preying mantis
 Characteristic forelegs that assume a posture similar to
praying when resting,
 Lay their eggs in hardened foam case attached to weeds or
twigs
 Wings develop gradually as the
Nymphs get older
 They feed on pests such
as moths,flies, crickets, bugs,

9. Predators : Ants Species

10. Predators

11. Parasitoids
 Organisms that during the larval stages feed on pests
(external parasitoids) or in the pest (internal parasitoids).
 They complete their development on a single host, killing
it. In their adult stages they are mostly free-living
 The most common parasitoids
are parasitic wasps and flies.

12. Parasitoids life cycle

13. Parasitoids

14. Pathogens
 Bacteria:
 Bacillus thuringiensis is the best-known insect pathogen.
 naturally occurring bacterium that produces substances
toxic to some insects.
 Kills moths (caterpillars),
mosquitoes, black flies
and fungus gnats

16. Fungi
 Fungal strands (hyphae) enter the insect body through
openings
 Insects and mites killed by fungi become stiff and,
 Spores are transferred on insect bodies,
wind, rainwater or wind.

18. Viruses
 A wide range of viruses has been identified attacking
insects, and some of them have been used as biological
pesticides
 They are species specific. Viruses need to be ingested
 Infected caterpillars appear pale or have a chalky colour,
 Become swollen and the development is retarded

19. Viruses

20. Thank You