1. A health worker watches as a burial team collects Ebola victims from a Ministry of Health treatment center for cremation on October 2, 2014 in Monrovia, Liberia.
(Getty Images/John Moore)
2. West Africa could face up to 10,000 new Ebola cases
a week within two months, the World Health
Organization warned Tuesday, adding that the death
rate in the current outbreak has risen to 70 percent.
October 14, 2014
3. A member of a burial team prepares to collect Ebola victims from a treatment center for cremation on October 2, 2014 in Monrovia, Liberia. Eight Liberian Red Cross
burial teams under contract with the country's Ministry of Health collect the bodies of Ebola victims each day in the capital. (Getty Images/John Moore)
4. A security guard watches as construction workers build a new Ebola isolation and treatment center overnight on Ocober 2, 2014 in Monrovia, Liberia. Work continues
24-hours a day on such centers, which still cannot keep up with demand as the Ebola epidemic continues to spread. (Getty Images/John Moore)
6. Ebola outbreak in west Africa, Nigeria and aboard as of Oct. 15, 2014. (World Health Organization/Yahoo News)
7. Ebola virus facts
Ebola virus disease (formerly known as Ebola haemorrhagic fever) is a
severe, often fatal illness, with a case fatality rate of up to 90%. It is one of
the world’s most virulent diseases. The infection is transmitted by direct
contact with the blood, body fluids and tissues of infected animals or
people.
Severely ill patients require intensive supportive care. During an outbreak,
those at higher risk of infection are health workers, family members and
others in close contact with sick people and deceased patients. (World
Health Organization)
14. People pass an Ebola awareness mural on October 2, 2014 in Monrovia, Liberia. (Getty Images/John Moore)
15. WHO: Ebola death rate rises to 70 percent
The death rate in the Ebola outbreak has risen to 70 percent and there
could be up to 10,000 new cases a week in two months, the World
Health Organization warned Tuesday.
WHO assistant director-general Dr. Bruce Aylward gave the grim
figures during a news conference in Geneva. Previously, WHO had
estimated the death rate at around 50 percent.
Aylward said the 70 percent death rate was “a high mortality disease”
in any circumstance and that the U.N. health agency was still focused
on trying to get sick people isolated and provide treatment as early as
possible.
He told reporters that if the world’s response to the Ebola crisis isn’t
stepped up within 60 days, “a lot more people will die” and there will be
a huge need to deal with the spiraling numbers of cases.
Tuesday, October 14, 2014 Geneva (AP)
16. Liberia races to expand Ebola treatment facilities
A World Health Organization official says there could be up to 10,000 new cases of Ebola per week within two months.
WHO assistant director-general Dr. Bruce Aylward says if the response to the Ebola crisis isn't stepped up within 60 days, "a lot more people will die" and there will
be a huge need on the ground to deal with the spiraling numbers of cases. He said WHO estimated there could up to 10,000 cases per week in two months. (AP)
Photo:A doctor outside the JFK Ebola treatment center speaks to journalists on October 13, 2014 in Monrovia, Liberia. (Getty Images/John Moore)
17. People walk past the Island Clinic Ebola treatment center on October 13, 2014 in Monrovia, Liberia. (Getty Images/John Moore)
18. Health workers dress in protective clothing before taking the body of an Ebola victim from the Island Clinic Ebola treatment center on October 13, 2014 in Monrovia,
Liberia. (Getty Images/John Moore)
19. Health workers dress in protective clothing before taking the body of an Ebola victim from the Island Clinic Ebola treatment center on October 13, 2014 in Monrovia,
Liberia. (Getty Images/John Moore)
20. How is Ebola spread?
The Ebola virus is transmitted in the bodily
fluids of people who are seriously ill, who
are likely to be vomiting, bleeding or have
diarrhoea. Blood, faeces and vomit are the
most infectious fluids, and in late stages of
the disease even tiny amounts can carry
high loads of virus. But a nurse who got a
patient’s blood on their hands could wash it
off with soap and water without any ill-effects.
He or she would become ill only if
they had a cut or abrasion on their hand or
touched their mouth, eyes or nose, which
would allow the virus to pass into their
bodily fluids.
21. What are the symptoms?
It can take two to 21 days for symptoms to
show, although usually it is five to seven
days. Typically, the first signs are a fever
involving a headache, joint and muscle
pain, sore throat and severe muscle
weakness. Many of those symptoms are
similar to flu, so Ebola is not immediately
obvious, though it should be suspected in
anyone who has been in west Africa
recently. After that come diarrhoea,
vomiting, a rash and stomach pain. The
kidneys and liver stop working properly.
Patients may bleed internally and also from
the ears, nose, eyes and mouth.
22. What about sweat – for example could I
get Ebola from using gym equipment?
No. Nobody who had Ebola and was
symptomatic, with intense muscle
weakness and a fever in the early stages,
would be well enough to go to the gym –
and until they are symptomatic, they are
not infectious. Sweat, anyway, is probably
not a source of large amounts of virus – in
fact, the World Health Organisation (WHO)
says whole live virus has never been
isolated from sweat.
23. How about saliva?
WHO says saliva at the most severe stage of the disease, and also
tears, may carry some risk, but the studies are inconclusive. The virus
has been detected in breast milk. A 2007 study in the Journal of
Infectious Diseases is probably the most informative on where the virus
hides.
Can I get Ebola from a toilet seat?
Yes – faeces from somebody with Ebola are a real hazard and the virus
has also been detected in urine. But there would only be a danger if a
seriously sick person had used the toilet and contaminated it and that is
most likely in their home or hospital. Public toilets, in general, are very
unlikely to be a risk.
Can it be sexually transmitted?
Yes, and the virus lasts in the semen of people who have recovered,
maybe for as long as 90 days.
24. A Liberian policeman watches as an Ebola burial team prepares to take away the body of Mekie Nagbe, 28, for cremation on October 10, 2014 in Monrovia, Liberia.
Nagbe, a market vendor, collapsed and died outside her home earlier in the morning while leaving to walk to a treatment center, according to her relatives. The
burial of loved ones is important in Liberian culture, making the removal of infected bodies for cremation all the more traumatic for surviving family members. (Getty
Images/John Moore)
25. A grave digger prepares a new grave outside an Ebola treatment center on October 7, 2014 near Gbarnga, in Bong County in central Liberia. The 70-bed facility is run
by the U.S.-based International Medical Corps and supported by USAID. (Getty Images/John Moore)
26. Could I catch Ebola from using a taxi that has taken a patient to hospital?
The virus can be transmitted on surfaces that bodily fluids have touched, so if
somebody had bled or vomited on the seat, there would be a risk to anybody
who had a cut or touched their face with contaminated hands. In Europe or the
US, if a patient was diagnosed with Ebola, there would be a massive effort from
the public health authorities to trace their movements as well as their contacts.
Any taxi they had travelled in while sick would have to be decontaminated.
Could I catch Ebola from door handles a patient had touched?
Yes, if the handle was contaminated with blood, vomit or faeces, which would
be more likely in the house where the patient had been living when they fell
sick, or in the hospital. But if people have intact skin, do not touch their eyes,
nose or mouth and frequently wash their hands, they will not get infected.
27. What can be done in railway stations, schools or other public places to
prevent contagion?
There are strict decontamination procedures that must be followed. Any area
visibly contaminated – where there is blood, vomit or faeces – and toilets and
surfaces lots of people touch, such as door handles and telephones, must be
wiped with disposable towels to remove any visible fluids, then cleaned with
detergent or soap and water and allowed to dry. Then they must be
disinfected, for instance with diluted bleach – one part bleach to four parts
water. Those who do the cleaning must be fully covered, with long sleeved
shirts tucked into disposable gloves and trousers tucked into socks and closed
shoes. Any cuts or abrasions must be covered with plasters. But there is no
need to clean corridors or areas that the person has just passed through.
28. How long can the virus survive?
The virus is quite fragile and is easily
destroyed by UV light, drying out, high
temperatures (which is helpful in west
Africa) and disinfectants including soapy
water and alcohol gel. The longest it is
likely to survive is a few days, if left in a
pool of bodily fluid in a cool, damp place.
Is food safe?
Yes, if it is cooked. The Ebola virus is
inactivated through cooking. Raw bush
meat is a risk. Past outbreaks of Ebola in
Africa came from the hunting, butchering
and preparing of bush meat for people to
eat.
29. Is Ebola virus airborne? Should I wear a
mask?
No. The virus is not airborne. In spite of
speculation, the UN Ebola Mission for
Emergency Response says extensive
studies of the virus have not shown any
airborne transmission . Patients do not
cough and sneeze a lot with this disease
and the WHO states in an advisory notice:
“Epidemiological data emerging from the
outbreak are not consistent with the pattern
of spread seen with airborne viruses, like
those that cause measles and chickenpox,
or the airborne bacterium that causes
tuberculosis.”
30. What if somebody coughs or sneezes in my face?
There is a theoretical possibility that a person heavily infected with Ebola
could cough violently and send wet, heavy droplets into the face of somebody
nearby. The person most at risk of catching Ebola this way would be whoever
is nursing the patient, and they would hopefully be wearing protective clothing
including a mask.
Could the Ebola virus mutate to change the way it is transmitted?
Although viruses do mutate, scientists say no virus, to their knowledge, has
changed its mode of transmission, and there is no evidence that it is
happening with Ebola.
Are spaceman-style protective suits any good, given that some health
workers wearing them have got Ebola?
They work as long as they are used properly. There are strict procedures for
taking them off when the gloves and outside of the suit may be covered in
virus. The US Centers for Disease Control has a guide for safe removal , to
ensure bare hands do not touch contaminated material.
31. A Muslim man holds his prayer beads as an Ebola burial team arrives to collect the body of a neighbor on October 10, 2014 of Monrovia, Liberia. (Getty Images/John
Moore)
32. A mosquito net hangs in a one-room apartment where an Ebola burial team had just collected the body of a four-year-old girl on October 10, 2014 in Monrovia,
Liberia. (Getty Images/John Moore)
33. U.S. Marin es arrive to take part in Operation United Assista nce on October 9, 2014 near Monrovia, Liberia. Some 90 Marines arrived on KC-130 transport planes and
MV-22 Ospreys to support the American effort to contain the Ebola epidemic. The Ospreys, which can land vertically like helicopters, will transport U.S. troops and
supplies as they build 17 Ebola treatment centers around Liberia. (Getty Images/John Moore)
34. A health worker washes his hands in chlorinated water while removing protective clothing after an hourlong shift in the high risk area of the Doctors Without
Borders (MSF), treatment center on October 5, 2014 in Paynesville, Liberia. (Getty Images/John Moore)
35. Sanitized gloves and boots hang to dry as a burial team collects Ebola victims from a Ministry of Health treatment center for cremation on October 2, 2014 in
Monrovia, Liberia. (Getty Images/John Moore)
36. A neighbor sits outside the locked door where Eric Duncan, the first Ebola patient to develop symptoms in the United States, rented a room on October 2, 2014 in
Monrovia, Liberia. Duncan, a Liberian citizen, reportedly physically assisted Marthalene Williams, 19, and 6 1/2 months pregnant, to a Monrovia hospital on
September 15, where she was turned away. She died on September 17 but not before probably infecting him, and he then flew to Dallas without showing symptoms,
arriving September 20 and became sick several days later. Officials say they up to 100 people in Dallas may have been exposed to the deadly virus by people who
Ducan came in contact with before he was admitted to Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital. (Getty Images/John Moore)
37. Doctors Without Borders (MSF) displays a family and home disinfection kit which MSF distributed on October 4, 2014 in New Kru Town, Liberia. MSF gave out
thousands of the kits in early morning distributions, some of 50,000 such "Ebola kits" to be given to families throughout the capital area. The kits, which include
buckets, soap, gloves, anti-contamination gowns, plastic bags, a spray bottle and masks, are meant to give people some level of protection if a family member
becomes sick, possibly from Ebola. (Getty Images/John Moore)
38. A child looks up as residents of an Ebola affected township wait before dawn to receive family and home disinfection kits distributed by Doctors Without Borders
(MSF), on October 4, 2014 in New Kru Town, Liberia. (Getty Images/John Moore)
39. A World Health Organization (WHO), instructor teaches ne w health workers during a training session on October 3, 2014 in Monrovia, Liberia. The WHO is training
some 400 new health workers in two-week courses for the Liberian Ministry of Health. Many of the new health workers will be stationed in some of th 17 Ebola
treatment units to be built by the U.S. military. (Getty Images/John Moore)
40. A Liberian health worker dressed in an anti-contamination suit speaks with a boy at a center for suspected Ebola patients, formerly the maternity ward at
Redemption Hospital on October 3, 2014 in Monrovia, Liberia. (Getty Images/John Moore)
41. Maru, 3, waits outside to enter the ELWA 3 Doctors Without Borders Ebola treatment center on October 3, 2014 in Paynesville, Liberia. Filled to its current 250-bed
capacity, the center can only take in as many new Ebola patients as the number of people who die overnight. (Getty Images/John Moore)
42. A Doctors Without Borders (MSF), health worker in protective clothing holds a child suspected of having Ebola in the MSF treatment center on October 5, 2014 in
Paynesville, Liberia. (Getty Images/John Moore)
43.
44. A child, age 3, prepares to leave the Doctors Without
Borders (MSF), treatment center after recovering from
the Ebola virus on October 12, 2014 in Paynesville,
Liberia. (Getty Images/John Moore)
end
45. Cast Ebola outbreak
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