Lecture 7 s.s.iii Design of Steel Structures - Faculty of Civil Engineering IaşiUrsachi Răzvan
This document discusses portal frame structures used for industrial buildings. It describes the main structural elements including roof sheeting, columns, rafters, beams, and wall panels. Typical spans for portal frames range from 12 to 60 meters, though 20-30 meters is most efficient. Various structural systems and joint connections are examined, including different types of column-rafter joints, apex joints, and design considerations for analyzing and strengthening these critical connections to transfer forces between members. Equations are provided for analyzing stresses in the joints.
Lecture 4 s.s. iii Design of Steel Structures - Faculty of Civil Engineering ...Ursachi Răzvan
This document discusses the design of transversal frames in steel industrial buildings. It covers:
1) Static schemes for analyzing the frame with either hinged or rigid connections between the column and truss. Rigid connections introduce redundancy effects.
2) Methods for determining the stiffness of frame elements like the truss and columns, which influences internal forces and moments.
3) Different loading schemes on the frame, including combinations of permanent, variable and temporary loads for design.
4) Analyzing internal forces and moments in the column for frames carrying crane girders. Simplified models are used.
5) Considerations for sizing the truss stiffness and determining redundancy effects on truss
Lecture 2 s. s. iii Design of Steel Structures - Faculty of Civil Engineering...Ursachi Răzvan
This document discusses various types of imperfections that must be considered in structural analysis of steel frames and bracing systems, including:
1) Local imperfections of individual members like residual stresses and geometric imperfections.
2) Global imperfections for frames including initial sway imperfections and local bow imperfections of members. These are accounted for using equivalent geometric imperfections or forces.
3) Imperfections of bracing systems including initial bow imperfections of restrained members, which can also be replaced by equivalent stabilizing forces. Imperfections must also be considered at splice connections.
4) Local bow imperfections are used to determine buckling resistance of individual members. Equivalent forces or loads
Lecture 6 s.s.iii Design of Steel Structures - Faculty of Civil Engineering IaşiUrsachi Răzvan
The document discusses the design of runway girders that support overhead cranes. It describes various types of runway girder configurations including single plate girders, built-up box sections, and lattice girders. It also outlines the loads that act on these girders including the self-weight of the girder and rails, as well as vertical and horizontal forces from the moving crane. Design is checked against limit states including bending capacity, buckling, fatigue limits, and serviceability deflections. Equations are provided to calculate stresses in different parts of the girder from these loads.
Lecture 1 s.s.iii Design of Steel Structures - Faculty of Civil Engineering IaşiUrsachi Răzvan
This document provides an overview of structural analysis of steel structures under static loading. It discusses:
- The characteristics of steel that allow elastic-plastic analysis, including ductility and plastic hinges.
- Different types of steel frames including braced frames, which resist lateral drift through bracing, and unbraced frames, which can fail through sidesway buckling.
- Methods of analysis including elastic analysis of first and second order, which take into account geometric imperfections and secondary effects of displacements on forces.
Lecture 5 s.s.iii Design of Steel Structures - Faculty of Civil Engineering IaşiUrsachi Răzvan
1) The document discusses various types of column designs for industrial buildings, including columns with constant or variable cross-sections, built-up or compound cross-sections, and stiffening elements.
2) It provides details on column base designs like hinged bases, fixed bases, and bases with gusset plates. Hold-down bolts, shear lugs, and resistance to combined forces are also examined.
3) The design and verification of column connections is addressed through plastic failure mechanisms and strength checks of individual components like the column, base plate, and anchor bolts.
Lecture 7 s.s.iii Design of Steel Structures - Faculty of Civil Engineering IaşiUrsachi Răzvan
This document discusses portal frame structures used for industrial buildings. It describes the main structural elements including roof sheeting, columns, rafters, beams, and wall panels. Typical spans for portal frames range from 12 to 60 meters, though 20-30 meters is most efficient. Various structural systems and joint connections are examined, including different types of column-rafter joints, apex joints, and design considerations for analyzing and strengthening these critical connections to transfer forces between members. Equations are provided for analyzing stresses in the joints.
Lecture 4 s.s. iii Design of Steel Structures - Faculty of Civil Engineering ...Ursachi Răzvan
This document discusses the design of transversal frames in steel industrial buildings. It covers:
1) Static schemes for analyzing the frame with either hinged or rigid connections between the column and truss. Rigid connections introduce redundancy effects.
2) Methods for determining the stiffness of frame elements like the truss and columns, which influences internal forces and moments.
3) Different loading schemes on the frame, including combinations of permanent, variable and temporary loads for design.
4) Analyzing internal forces and moments in the column for frames carrying crane girders. Simplified models are used.
5) Considerations for sizing the truss stiffness and determining redundancy effects on truss
Lecture 2 s. s. iii Design of Steel Structures - Faculty of Civil Engineering...Ursachi Răzvan
This document discusses various types of imperfections that must be considered in structural analysis of steel frames and bracing systems, including:
1) Local imperfections of individual members like residual stresses and geometric imperfections.
2) Global imperfections for frames including initial sway imperfections and local bow imperfections of members. These are accounted for using equivalent geometric imperfections or forces.
3) Imperfections of bracing systems including initial bow imperfections of restrained members, which can also be replaced by equivalent stabilizing forces. Imperfections must also be considered at splice connections.
4) Local bow imperfections are used to determine buckling resistance of individual members. Equivalent forces or loads
Lecture 6 s.s.iii Design of Steel Structures - Faculty of Civil Engineering IaşiUrsachi Răzvan
The document discusses the design of runway girders that support overhead cranes. It describes various types of runway girder configurations including single plate girders, built-up box sections, and lattice girders. It also outlines the loads that act on these girders including the self-weight of the girder and rails, as well as vertical and horizontal forces from the moving crane. Design is checked against limit states including bending capacity, buckling, fatigue limits, and serviceability deflections. Equations are provided to calculate stresses in different parts of the girder from these loads.
Lecture 1 s.s.iii Design of Steel Structures - Faculty of Civil Engineering IaşiUrsachi Răzvan
This document provides an overview of structural analysis of steel structures under static loading. It discusses:
- The characteristics of steel that allow elastic-plastic analysis, including ductility and plastic hinges.
- Different types of steel frames including braced frames, which resist lateral drift through bracing, and unbraced frames, which can fail through sidesway buckling.
- Methods of analysis including elastic analysis of first and second order, which take into account geometric imperfections and secondary effects of displacements on forces.
Lecture 5 s.s.iii Design of Steel Structures - Faculty of Civil Engineering IaşiUrsachi Răzvan
1) The document discusses various types of column designs for industrial buildings, including columns with constant or variable cross-sections, built-up or compound cross-sections, and stiffening elements.
2) It provides details on column base designs like hinged bases, fixed bases, and bases with gusset plates. Hold-down bolts, shear lugs, and resistance to combined forces are also examined.
3) The design and verification of column connections is addressed through plastic failure mechanisms and strength checks of individual components like the column, base plate, and anchor bolts.
Lecture 9 s.s.iii Design of Steel Structures - Faculty of Civil Engineering IaşiUrsachi Răzvan
1) Multi-storey steel structures use steel columns, beams, girders, and bracing systems to support vertical loads and resist lateral forces. Columns vary in cross-section depending on load and may be welded, bolted, or have base plates anchored in concrete.
2) Beams and girders are designed to bend and can be continuous or use lattice girders for large spans. Connections between columns and girders vary from articulated to rigid.
3) Floors commonly use steel beams with cast-in-place concrete slabs or prefabricated decking. External walls are often curtain walls comprising mullions and transoms.
This document provides an analysis and design of the structural elements for a multi-storey residential building, including slabs, columns, shear walls, and foundations. It discusses the objectives, general approach, types of buildings and concrete mixtures used. The structural elements are then analyzed and designed according to the given specifications and loadings, with reinforcement details provided for slabs, columns, shear walls, and pile caps.
This document provides an overview of multi-storey steel structures. It discusses:
- The early history of steel structures beginning in the late 18th century with cast iron buildings and progressing to steel I-beam structures in the mid-19th century.
- Famous early skyscrapers from the late 19th century including the Home Insurance Building and Monadnock Building which helped popularize the technology.
- Structural systems for tall buildings including rigid frames, braced frames, rigid core structures, and tubular designs capable of supporting 70-120+ stories.
- Design considerations like building shape, foundation tolerance, wind loading, and seismic provisions like ductile connections and a rigid base.
Lecture 11 s.s.iii Design of Steel Structures - Faculty of Civil Engineering ...Ursachi Răzvan
Spatial grids are structures formed from interconnected steel members arranged in one, two, or three layers. They are used for roofs and envelopes of buildings. Some key advantages are their light weight, ability to span wide distances, high stiffness, and speed of construction due to prefabrication. Spatial grids come in various forms including planar, dome-shaped, cylindrical, and other geometries. They are classified based on number of layers and mesh pattern. Proper design considers loads, geometric invariance, and connections between members.
Lecture 10 s.s.iii Design of Steel Structures - Faculty of Civil Engineering ...Ursachi Răzvan
The document discusses the design and construction of steel arches. It notes several advantages of steel arches including large spans of 80-100 meters, low weight for economy, and aesthetics in modern architecture. Some challenges in design include a lack of specific rules in codes and instability being a major criteria. Common structural systems for arches include free-standing, doubly articulated, and encased in foundations. Steel arches can have parabolic, circular, or polygonal shapes and use cross sections like beams, boxes, or lattice designs. Bracing systems provide stability and connections transfer loads between the arch and other structures like purlins.
The technological singularity refers to a hypothetical scenario in which technological advances virtually explode. The most popular scenario is the creation of super-intelligent algorithms that recursively create ever higher intelligences. After a short introduction into this intriguing potential future, I will elaborate on what it could mean for intelligence to explode. In this course, I will (have to) provide a more careful treatment of what intelligence actually is, separate speed from intelligence explosion, compare what super-intelligent participants and classical human observers might experience and do, discuss immediate implications for the diversity and value of life, consider possible bounds on intelligence, and contemplate intelligences right at the singularity.
Theories of Something, Everything & Nothing.mahutte
The progression of theories suggested for our world, from ego- to geo-
to helio-centric models to universe and multiverse theories and beyond,
shows one tendency: The size of the described worlds increases, with
humans being expelled from their center to ever more remote and
random locations. If pushed too far, a potential theory of everything
(ToE) is actually more a theory of nothing (ToN). Indeed such theories
have already been developed. I show that including observer localization
into such theories is necessary and su±cient to avoid this problem.
Ockham's razor is used to develop a quantitative recipe to identify ToEs
and distinguish them from ToNs and theories in-between. This precisely
shows what the problem is with some recently suggested universal ToEs.
The suggested principle is extended to more practical (partial,
approximate, probabilistic, parametric) world models (rather than ToEs).
Finally, I provide a justi¯cation of Ockham's razor.
Humans and many other intelligent systems (have to) learn from experience, build
models of the environment from the acquired knowledge, and use these models for
prediction. In philosophy this is called inductive inference, in statistics it is called
estimation and prediction, and in computer science it is addressed by machine
learning.
I will first review unsuccessful attempts and unsuitable approaches towards a
general theory of induction, including Popper’s falsificationism and denial of
confirmation, frequentist statistics and much of statistical learning theory, subjective
Bayesianism, Carnap’s confirmation theory, the data paradigm, eliminative induction,
and deductive approaches. I will also debunk some other misguided views, such as
the no-free-lunch myth and pluralism.
I will then turn to Solomonoff’s formal, general, complete, and essentially unique
theory of universal induction and prediction, rooted in algorithmic information theory
and based on the philosophical and technical ideas of Ockham, Epicurus, Bayes,
Turing, and Kolmogorov.
This theory provably addresses most issues that have plagued other inductive
approaches, and essentially constitutes a conceptual solution to the induction
problem. Some theoretical guarantees, extensions to (re)active learning, practical
approximations, applications, and experimental results are mentioned in passing, but
they are not the focus of this talk.
I will conclude with some general advice to philosophers and scientists interested in
the foundations of induction.
The document summarizes how a professor facilitates student learning through three main strategies:
1) Reasoning through theoretical concepts presented in lectures and practicing engineering techniques through examples and computer simulations.
2) Working in groups on realistic engineering briefs to apply concepts to practical problems.
3) Direct interaction and feedback through class discussions, questionnaires, and student-professor meetings to monitor learning goals.
The document summarizes some macroelement models for unreinforced masonry (URM) structures, including:
1) The SAM model which uses simplified strength criteria and constitutive rules to model flexural and shear failure of URM elements.
2) A nonlinear equivalent frame model that represents URM walls as piers and spandrels with rigid offsets and uses force-deformation relationships to model flexural, shear, and rocking behavior.
3) A comparison showing similar force-displacement responses between a 3D storey mechanism model and the nonlinear frame model for a 2-story URM building.
This document discusses performance monitoring for gas turbines. It begins by explaining that performance monitoring is important for maximizing efficiency and minimizing costs, though it is less common than mechanical condition monitoring. It then discusses:
- How a performance monitoring system works and the types of information it can provide
- The business case for monitoring performance based on potential fuel cost savings
- Examples of how customers are obtaining value from performance monitoring systems
It describes the various performance monitoring solutions available from GE Energy. It also explains key concepts regarding gas turbine thermodynamics and the factors that can affect performance. These include ambient conditions, load, fuel properties, and degradation. It emphasizes the importance of differentiating between "natural" causes of performance changes
Lecture 3 s.s. iii Design of Steel Structures - Faculty of Civil Engineering ...Ursachi Răzvan
The document provides information on steel sheet roofing and cladding used for industrial buildings. Some key points:
- Profiled steel sheets are commonly used for roofs and walls due to their strength, light weight, durability and ease of installation.
- Steel sheets come in various profiles and are made from cold-reduced steel or coil with protective coatings.
- Purlins are beams that support the roofing/cladding materials. They can be simple or continuous beams made from rolled steel sections, cold-formed sections, or castellated beams.
- Design of purlins involves checking for strength and stability under load combinations that include self-weight, roofing/cladding weight
Seismic Design of Buried Structures in PH and NZLawrence Galvez
This document discusses seismic design of buried rectangular structures according to Philippines and New Zealand design codes. It notes that buried structures generally perform better in earthquakes than above-ground structures due to less dynamic amplification effects. While the Mononobe-Okabe method is commonly used internationally for seismic design, the document argues this method has limitations and conservatisms. It reviews Philippines and New Zealand code requirements, which generally do not consider dynamic earth pressures for buried structures. The document proposes simplified seismic design approaches are needed to minimize conservatism for buried structures.
1) The document discusses ground excited systems, where the dynamic equations of motion are derived based on the relative displacement of the structure with respect to the ground acceleration vector.
2) Modal superposition is applied to decompose the equations into uncoupled modal equations, which are then solved to obtain the system response in terms of maximum displacements, storey shears, moments and drifts.
3) Several modal combination rules are discussed to combine the individual modal responses, including SRSS, CQC and double sum methods.
Lecture 2 s.s. iii continuare Design of Steel Structures - Faculty of Civil E...Ursachi Răzvan
This document discusses steel industrial buildings and their structural design. It provides classifications and features of industrial buildings, including their regular rectangular shapes, mono-pitched or duo-pitched roofs with small slopes, and single-story construction. It describes the structural system of transverse frames with columns and girders/trusses. Bracing systems are discussed which provide stability and stiffness, including bracing of roof trusses, columns, and crane girders (if present). Different structural solutions for the transverse frame and various bracing layouts are shown. Tolerances between building blocks are also specified.
Exemplu de calcul şarpantă din lemn folosind programul WoodExpressUrsachi Răzvan
This document provides details on the design of a timber roof truss and purlins. It includes:
- Descriptions of the truss geometry, materials, and loads from snow, wind, etc.
- Calculations of snow loads on the roof based on pitch, exposure and thermal coefficients.
- Design methodology for analyzing internal forces on the truss and treating purlins as simply supported beams.
- Serviceability and strength checks of purlins under various load combinations to ensure code compliance for deflection and stress limits.
Lecture 9 s.s.iii Design of Steel Structures - Faculty of Civil Engineering IaşiUrsachi Răzvan
1) Multi-storey steel structures use steel columns, beams, girders, and bracing systems to support vertical loads and resist lateral forces. Columns vary in cross-section depending on load and may be welded, bolted, or have base plates anchored in concrete.
2) Beams and girders are designed to bend and can be continuous or use lattice girders for large spans. Connections between columns and girders vary from articulated to rigid.
3) Floors commonly use steel beams with cast-in-place concrete slabs or prefabricated decking. External walls are often curtain walls comprising mullions and transoms.
This document provides an analysis and design of the structural elements for a multi-storey residential building, including slabs, columns, shear walls, and foundations. It discusses the objectives, general approach, types of buildings and concrete mixtures used. The structural elements are then analyzed and designed according to the given specifications and loadings, with reinforcement details provided for slabs, columns, shear walls, and pile caps.
This document provides an overview of multi-storey steel structures. It discusses:
- The early history of steel structures beginning in the late 18th century with cast iron buildings and progressing to steel I-beam structures in the mid-19th century.
- Famous early skyscrapers from the late 19th century including the Home Insurance Building and Monadnock Building which helped popularize the technology.
- Structural systems for tall buildings including rigid frames, braced frames, rigid core structures, and tubular designs capable of supporting 70-120+ stories.
- Design considerations like building shape, foundation tolerance, wind loading, and seismic provisions like ductile connections and a rigid base.
Lecture 11 s.s.iii Design of Steel Structures - Faculty of Civil Engineering ...Ursachi Răzvan
Spatial grids are structures formed from interconnected steel members arranged in one, two, or three layers. They are used for roofs and envelopes of buildings. Some key advantages are their light weight, ability to span wide distances, high stiffness, and speed of construction due to prefabrication. Spatial grids come in various forms including planar, dome-shaped, cylindrical, and other geometries. They are classified based on number of layers and mesh pattern. Proper design considers loads, geometric invariance, and connections between members.
Lecture 10 s.s.iii Design of Steel Structures - Faculty of Civil Engineering ...Ursachi Răzvan
The document discusses the design and construction of steel arches. It notes several advantages of steel arches including large spans of 80-100 meters, low weight for economy, and aesthetics in modern architecture. Some challenges in design include a lack of specific rules in codes and instability being a major criteria. Common structural systems for arches include free-standing, doubly articulated, and encased in foundations. Steel arches can have parabolic, circular, or polygonal shapes and use cross sections like beams, boxes, or lattice designs. Bracing systems provide stability and connections transfer loads between the arch and other structures like purlins.
The technological singularity refers to a hypothetical scenario in which technological advances virtually explode. The most popular scenario is the creation of super-intelligent algorithms that recursively create ever higher intelligences. After a short introduction into this intriguing potential future, I will elaborate on what it could mean for intelligence to explode. In this course, I will (have to) provide a more careful treatment of what intelligence actually is, separate speed from intelligence explosion, compare what super-intelligent participants and classical human observers might experience and do, discuss immediate implications for the diversity and value of life, consider possible bounds on intelligence, and contemplate intelligences right at the singularity.
Theories of Something, Everything & Nothing.mahutte
The progression of theories suggested for our world, from ego- to geo-
to helio-centric models to universe and multiverse theories and beyond,
shows one tendency: The size of the described worlds increases, with
humans being expelled from their center to ever more remote and
random locations. If pushed too far, a potential theory of everything
(ToE) is actually more a theory of nothing (ToN). Indeed such theories
have already been developed. I show that including observer localization
into such theories is necessary and su±cient to avoid this problem.
Ockham's razor is used to develop a quantitative recipe to identify ToEs
and distinguish them from ToNs and theories in-between. This precisely
shows what the problem is with some recently suggested universal ToEs.
The suggested principle is extended to more practical (partial,
approximate, probabilistic, parametric) world models (rather than ToEs).
Finally, I provide a justi¯cation of Ockham's razor.
Humans and many other intelligent systems (have to) learn from experience, build
models of the environment from the acquired knowledge, and use these models for
prediction. In philosophy this is called inductive inference, in statistics it is called
estimation and prediction, and in computer science it is addressed by machine
learning.
I will first review unsuccessful attempts and unsuitable approaches towards a
general theory of induction, including Popper’s falsificationism and denial of
confirmation, frequentist statistics and much of statistical learning theory, subjective
Bayesianism, Carnap’s confirmation theory, the data paradigm, eliminative induction,
and deductive approaches. I will also debunk some other misguided views, such as
the no-free-lunch myth and pluralism.
I will then turn to Solomonoff’s formal, general, complete, and essentially unique
theory of universal induction and prediction, rooted in algorithmic information theory
and based on the philosophical and technical ideas of Ockham, Epicurus, Bayes,
Turing, and Kolmogorov.
This theory provably addresses most issues that have plagued other inductive
approaches, and essentially constitutes a conceptual solution to the induction
problem. Some theoretical guarantees, extensions to (re)active learning, practical
approximations, applications, and experimental results are mentioned in passing, but
they are not the focus of this talk.
I will conclude with some general advice to philosophers and scientists interested in
the foundations of induction.
The document summarizes how a professor facilitates student learning through three main strategies:
1) Reasoning through theoretical concepts presented in lectures and practicing engineering techniques through examples and computer simulations.
2) Working in groups on realistic engineering briefs to apply concepts to practical problems.
3) Direct interaction and feedback through class discussions, questionnaires, and student-professor meetings to monitor learning goals.
The document summarizes some macroelement models for unreinforced masonry (URM) structures, including:
1) The SAM model which uses simplified strength criteria and constitutive rules to model flexural and shear failure of URM elements.
2) A nonlinear equivalent frame model that represents URM walls as piers and spandrels with rigid offsets and uses force-deformation relationships to model flexural, shear, and rocking behavior.
3) A comparison showing similar force-displacement responses between a 3D storey mechanism model and the nonlinear frame model for a 2-story URM building.
This document discusses performance monitoring for gas turbines. It begins by explaining that performance monitoring is important for maximizing efficiency and minimizing costs, though it is less common than mechanical condition monitoring. It then discusses:
- How a performance monitoring system works and the types of information it can provide
- The business case for monitoring performance based on potential fuel cost savings
- Examples of how customers are obtaining value from performance monitoring systems
It describes the various performance monitoring solutions available from GE Energy. It also explains key concepts regarding gas turbine thermodynamics and the factors that can affect performance. These include ambient conditions, load, fuel properties, and degradation. It emphasizes the importance of differentiating between "natural" causes of performance changes
Lecture 3 s.s. iii Design of Steel Structures - Faculty of Civil Engineering ...Ursachi Răzvan
The document provides information on steel sheet roofing and cladding used for industrial buildings. Some key points:
- Profiled steel sheets are commonly used for roofs and walls due to their strength, light weight, durability and ease of installation.
- Steel sheets come in various profiles and are made from cold-reduced steel or coil with protective coatings.
- Purlins are beams that support the roofing/cladding materials. They can be simple or continuous beams made from rolled steel sections, cold-formed sections, or castellated beams.
- Design of purlins involves checking for strength and stability under load combinations that include self-weight, roofing/cladding weight
Seismic Design of Buried Structures in PH and NZLawrence Galvez
This document discusses seismic design of buried rectangular structures according to Philippines and New Zealand design codes. It notes that buried structures generally perform better in earthquakes than above-ground structures due to less dynamic amplification effects. While the Mononobe-Okabe method is commonly used internationally for seismic design, the document argues this method has limitations and conservatisms. It reviews Philippines and New Zealand code requirements, which generally do not consider dynamic earth pressures for buried structures. The document proposes simplified seismic design approaches are needed to minimize conservatism for buried structures.
1) The document discusses ground excited systems, where the dynamic equations of motion are derived based on the relative displacement of the structure with respect to the ground acceleration vector.
2) Modal superposition is applied to decompose the equations into uncoupled modal equations, which are then solved to obtain the system response in terms of maximum displacements, storey shears, moments and drifts.
3) Several modal combination rules are discussed to combine the individual modal responses, including SRSS, CQC and double sum methods.
Lecture 2 s.s. iii continuare Design of Steel Structures - Faculty of Civil E...Ursachi Răzvan
This document discusses steel industrial buildings and their structural design. It provides classifications and features of industrial buildings, including their regular rectangular shapes, mono-pitched or duo-pitched roofs with small slopes, and single-story construction. It describes the structural system of transverse frames with columns and girders/trusses. Bracing systems are discussed which provide stability and stiffness, including bracing of roof trusses, columns, and crane girders (if present). Different structural solutions for the transverse frame and various bracing layouts are shown. Tolerances between building blocks are also specified.
Exemplu de calcul şarpantă din lemn folosind programul WoodExpressUrsachi Răzvan
This document provides details on the design of a timber roof truss and purlins. It includes:
- Descriptions of the truss geometry, materials, and loads from snow, wind, etc.
- Calculations of snow loads on the roof based on pitch, exposure and thermal coefficients.
- Design methodology for analyzing internal forces on the truss and treating purlins as simply supported beams.
- Serviceability and strength checks of purlins under various load combinations to ensure code compliance for deflection and stress limits.
Indicator Norme de Deviz - Technical University "Gh. Asachi" of IaşiUrsachi Răzvan
The document discusses the history and current state of renewable energy in the United States. It notes that while renewable energy sources like solar and wind power are growing, they still only account for around 11% of the nation's energy production. The document calls for continued investment and policy support to help renewable sources expand their market share and help the country transition to more sustainable energy options.
L’équipe du projet BeBoP a proposé un webinaire le 30 mai 2024 pour découvrir comment la technologie vidéo, combinée à l’intelligence artificielle, se met au service de l’analyse du comportement des taurillons.