e-Gov in-emerging countries

e-Gov in emerging countries
1
Particular case: Africa
> by Alain Ducass
> International expert,
> Head of digital economy
department at
> Adetef
Adetef is the French international technical agency
of the Ministries for the Economy and Finance, Sustainable
Development and Energy, and State Reform
This presentation was given on 4th of June 2013, at the University Paris 1 La Sorbonne
to William Gilles, head of digital law department,
Elise Delbies (PIG retired) & Jean-Jacques Kudela (independent expert)
It has been prepared wiith the help of Mrs Mona Kubec & the Adetef IT department.

2
Why this presentation?
Some questions :
• what is e-Gov?
• what is the specificity of emerging coutries?
• how much does e-Gov cost and who can finance it?
• what is the interest of e-Gov for emerging countries?
• what are current problematics?
Answers are set out to :
• help emerging countries
• light up backers
• contribute to the growth of french GDP
• initiate reserch in PPP

3
“e-Gov in emerging countries”
1 Actors and issues
11 Current practices
111 Variety of situations
112 Méthodology and issues
12 Backer et suppliers
• 121 Official development
assistance (ODA)
• 122 Privat assitance
2 Problems
21 Visible part
211 Services for citizens
212 Services for companies
22 Hidden part
• 221 Preliminary conditions
• 222 Basic elements
The presentation begins with the monographs of the key players
It continues with an analysis of current issues

4
Actors and stakes
International cooperation
involves three actors
Title 1 : Good practices in
developped and emerging
countries
Title 2 Donors and suppliers,
participants of the ODA and
private developpement assistance
process
Donor Beneficiary
Supplier
Donor

5
Actors and stakes
Part 1 Developped countries
§1 France
§2 Developped countries
(South Korea, Canada,
United States, Scandinavian
countries)
Part 2 Emerging countries
§1 BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India,
China, South Africa)
§2 Emerging Africa (Côte
d’Ivoire, Senegal, Morocco,
Tunisia…)

6
Actors and stakes: France
Succession of actors
& programmes:
SGMAP, French e-Gov actor
Major projects: Copernic (1.5
billion); Chorus (1 billion)…
Estimated budget of
3,8 billion/year, 2 billion of
wich external financing and
1,8 billion internal financing
The new strategy was set up
by DISIC (Ex. urbanisation SI) e-Gov programmes:
PAGSI > RE/SO 2007 > ADELE > RGPP > Urb

7
Extract of Adetef’s presentation
to Egyptian minister Darwich,
on 2nd of July 2010
Every French Prime minister launches his own eGov & information society plan.
One of them is ”Adele”, meaning eGov

8
Actors and stakes: developped countries
South Korea: world leader, society of ubiquity, public-private complementarity, telecommuting…
Canada: Government On-Line program (1999); Open data; community access points…
United States: eGovernement plan 2001, Open government initiative, Internal Efficiency &
effectiveness…
Scandinavia: high debit Internet, e-invoices…

9
Actors and stakes: China
China : the biggest number of Internet users in the world: over
500 million users.
Mobile Internet developpement, despite the lack of computers in
rural areas.
The first law in ICT domain was passed in 1997: “Ordinance on
Protecting Computer Information System Security”.
www.weibo.com

10
Actors and stakes: Brazil
In 2000, the gouvernement votes a programme, Governo Eletronico, whose main
goal is to create the Brazil national portal.
Online publishing of the public procurement contracts thanks to SERPRO system.
An innovative approach, Exportfacil, wich facilitates export operations.
www.brasil.gov.br

11
Actors and issues : India
•India's ICT industry have created 2.8 million
jobs.
•The ICT sector represents 7.5% of GDP,
75% for export.
•A portal of the Government of India for
providing a unique access to all information
and all services provided by the Government.
www.indiaegov.org www.indg.in

12
the Indian Aadhaar project
More than 1 000 000 unique e-Id numbers
have been given to Indian citizens together
with biometric datas in a platform.
The biometric data are checked end
updated every 5 years
Applications are under development in
different domains.
www.uidai.gov.in
Most emerging countries are now
implementing e-ID on a mandatory mode.
In 2015, 85 % of e-ID card issued will be
electronic.

13
Actors and stakes: Russia
> While trying to resolve connectivity problems, Russia
launched e-Gov federal programmes: eRussia
(2003-2010), Information Society (2011-2020)…

14
Actors and stakes: South Africa
> The country's constitution requires
administrations to make available government
information.
> Several projects coexist side by side:
• Cape Gateway
• SchoolNet South Africa
• Khanya
> Gito council & DPSA are responsible for e-Gov

15
Actors and stakes: Sub-Saharan Africa
In 2000, Côte d’Ivoire developed a National
Plan of technology infrastructure to
modernize its ICT sector: government
intranet. www.egouv.ci
In 2003, Senegal launched the “strategy of
accelerated growth” wich is one of the five
pillars of economic growth
www.sca.sn/
e-Ghana, e-Benin… programs include an e-
Gov component
www.digitalgovernance.org
Many of other countries start or continue e-
Gov programs

16
Actors and stakes: Maghreb-Mashreq
North Africa’s two most
advanced countries in ICT are
Tunisia and Morocco.
The skills of their players are
spreading all over Sub-
Saharan Africa.
Egypt wants to set up an
action plan after a year of peer
review by the OECD. …/…

17
Actors and stakes: Moldova
The World Bank currently
gives Moldova as an
example of good practice
in digital governance.
The strategy and the
action plan have been
developed by experts from
Singapore.
www.egov.md

18
Business segmentation
Various types of business
segmentation:
• G2C, G2B, G2G, G2P
• Simplified methods of project
management (ex.: CAF)
• Strategy (objective)
• Action plan
• Feasibility
• Evaluation

19
International rankings
• United Nations:
eGov index
• World economic forum:
NRI index
• European Commission
• OECD (monographies)
• Regional rankings (ex.:
Respa)
Above, NRI index; below, European comparison

20
National impact
Positive national impact
• Increase of the productivity of
the administration
• Contribution to growth
• ICT sector developpement
• Budget savings
• Fight against corruption
• Social inclusion
• Mobility
Conditions for success
• Administrative processes
reengineering
• Existence of an ICT sector
• Innovate-transform couple
• Good management
• Political will
• Connectivity

21
International impact
According to various
sources, the ICT sector
represents:
• 5% in Europa (European
Digital Agenda)
• 3.2% of French GDP
(McKinsey)
• 6% of world GDP (World
Bank)
• 7% of world GDP (Intel).
E-gov is roughly
equivalent to the share of
the ICT in the public
sector

22
e-Gov budget
=
GDP
x
% ICT
x
% Public spendings
(G)

23
We will retain the following assumptions:
Percentage of public spendings on ICT: 25%
ICT share in GDP: 2%
Africa GDP: 1,621 G$ ~ 1,272 G€
As a result, an annual ICT budget is around 6 billion euros
for e-Gov in Africa

24
Official development assistance
S.1 Leading multilateral donors
§ 1 The World Bank
§ 2 Other donors
S.2. Leading bilateral donors
§ 1 French official development
assistance
§ 2 Official development assistance
of other countries
In 2010, the Development Assistance
Committee (DAC) said to have paid the
highest amount of ODA ever reached:
130 billion dollars

25
The World Bank
> Five Institutions, One Group
• The International Bank for Reconstruction and
Developpement (IBRD)
• The International Development Association
(IDA)
• The International Finance Corporation (IFC)
• The Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency
(MIGA)
• The International Centre for Settlement of
Investment Disputes (ICSID)
> The digital strategy of the World
Bank has got 3 axes:

26
> AfDB was founded in 1964.
> Its mission is to stimulate demand
for ICT networks and services. It
promotes e-Gov.
> Its new strategy should focus on
technical assistance on
infrastructures.
> Examples of projects funded:
> * Programme for Infrastructure
Development in Africa
> * e-transform Africa
African Development Bank Group

27
Leading multilateral donors
> European Development Fund (EDF)
United Nations: WCO, UNDP,
UNIDO
European Union:
• European Neighbourhood and
Partnership Instrument- Europe
• European Development Fund –
Africa, Carribbean region, Pacific
region
• Development Co-operation
Instrument (DCI) – Latin America,
Asia and Central Asia, the Gulf
region and South Africa
International Monetary Fund

28
• On 4th of June 2013, DG Trésor
published online information about
French official development
assistance on www.data.gouv.fr
• France is the 3rd world fundraiser
and the first european one. France
spended 9.97 billion euro in 2012.
• L’Agence française de
développement (AFD) – is involved
in the Priority Solidarity Zone
• Le Fonds d’aide au Secteur Privé
(FASEP) helps French companies
abroad

29
> Germany: Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) operates in more
than 130 countries worldwide
> United Kingdom: “Department for International Development” (DFID) seeks to
reduce poverty. It hires Crown Agents for its missions.
> United States: Official Developpement Assistance is up to 30.7 billion dollars in 2011,
USAid
> Canada: Canadian International Development Agency, wich manages the support of
international development
> China: Export-Import Bank of China, China Bank of Development, Industrial and
Commercial Bank of China, China Construction Bank

30
Private development assistance
> Ch. 2 Private development
assistance
> S.1 Private actors
> §.1 Companies
> §.2 NGOs
> S.2 Suppliers
> §.1 Technical assistance
operators
> §.2 Solution Providers
Public and private financial flows are
complementary.
ODA is essential to make private investment
possible and create business opportunities
when they are weak or non-existent. The
ability of private investment to generate
income is a prerequisite for economic
development and rising living standards.
Commitments to private development
assistance have been raised from 4 billion
dollars in 1999 to 13.7 billion in 2006.

31
Private actors - companies
> At the moment there is a weakening of the role of states in favor of private companies.
> Businesses play a key role in democratization in emerging countries

32
Private actors - NGOs
> Confessional NGOs
> The role of religions in
development can not be
overlooked, both as donors and
as culture of the beneficiary
countries.
> Examples: Islamic Development Bank
(IDB), Red Cross, Caritas
internationalis, etc.
> Non-confessional NGOs
An estimated 15% of total
international development
assistance is now passing through
NGOs, about US $ 8 billion.
> Examples: ICT4D, CARE, Telecoms
without borders, etc.

33
Suppliers
> Suppliers develop upstream strategies and action plans for digital governance.
Facilitators provide tools to respond to tenders.
> For example: Ubifrance’s database PROAO (projects and international
tenders) provides access to information about policies and financed projects.

34
Solution providers
Implementation of e-Gov projects
requires various skills.
> One of the biggest companies of the
sector is NIC.
> French suppliers are members of
professional associations such as
the Federation of Electrical,
Electronic and Communications
industries (FIEEC)

35
Main French professional organizations in digital solutions:
Construction industries: Sycabel, IGNES, FIRIP
Materials: FIEEC, GITEP-TICS, SIMAVELEC, SFIB
Telecommunication Services: FFT, UNETel-RST
Digital services: Syntec numérique, AFDEL, Apeca
Editors: Aproged, Com-Unic, USPII, FICAM, CINOV-IT
e-Health: Snitem, Lesiss
e-Education: Afinef, Gedem, Geste, SNJV.
e-Business: Fevad, ACSEL, FNTC
Consulting: Syntec
Experts: Eestel, IDEFIE
NB: some organizations are involved on several sectors
French solution providers

36
Part 2
Specifics of e-Gov
> Components of e-Gov
> T.1 Visible part of e-Gov
> T.2 Hidden part of e-Gov

37
Visible part of e-Gov
> Part.1 Services for citizens
> S.1 Portals and online procedures
§.1 Portals
§.2 Online procedures and personal data
S.2 Specific applications
§.1 e-Education
§.2 e-Health
Ch.2 Services for companies
S.1 Portals and online procedures
§.1 Portals for companies
§.2 Public procurement
S.2 Applications for companies
§.1 Digital exchanges between companies
§.2 Economic development and diffusion of technology

38
Information portals
They aim at disseminating public
information to citizens
Steps in the creation of portals:
• Publish information
• Group information together
• Create multichannel portals
• Provide information in a freely accessible
and freely reusable format
• Provide a geographic portal
• Create a multimedia portal

39
Online procedures and personal data
1. Identify the main
administrative procedures
2. Know citizen expectations
by asking users
3.Simplify the procedure
4. Assess the costs
5. Automate the creating
processes of online
procedures
6. Make choices and set
priorities
The implementation of online procedures is performed in six major steps:

40
[1] Étude BVA/DGME, « les priorités de simplification vues par les usagers », octobre 2008.
Simplification priorities from the user’s point of view
October 2008, BVA survey for DGME

41
The MAREVA method
makes it possible to
assess, compare and
follow the interest of
various e-Gov projects

42
Legal aspects of information portals
• The copyright for the information portals are protected by the Geneva
Convention of 1952 and managed by UNESCO with a term of protection of 25
years operating postmortem rights.
• In emerging countries, the risk of unfair competition is very important
because laws do not properly protect the digital domain, so the risk of
counterfeiting is high.
• Another problem is the Internet naming of national sites. The addition of a
suffix .gov or .gouv may solve it.

43
Online education
> Online education is a complement to regular education.
> Necessary equipment and knowledge:
• Computer and projector
• Interactive Whiteboard
• Teachers’ computers and students’ computers must be connected
• Change pedagogical methods – students’ participation is important
• Use of a open and distance learning (ODL) platform
• The existence of a community of users is important
• Use of educational tools for self-learning
• Use of portable tools

44
e-health and m-health
> This approach helps to
solve the following
problems:
> Lack of medical centers
> Lack of human ressources
> Limited paiement capacity
of the patients
Several projects have been initiated
around the world:
> France: Carte Vitale
> Kenya, Tanzania : Mobile for
reproductive health
> Tanzania : eLearning@ttcih
> Uganda : Text to change

45
Portals dedicated to businesses
> Portals dedicated to businesses include some or all information and online services
that are dedicated to them
Portals help to start new businesses, pay taxes, perform import-export procedures,
recruit employees, get social security

46
> 21 procedures linked to business creation
that can be automated, grouped into three
steps:
1. Pre-registration: ensures that the
applicant meets the requirements
2. Registration: the formal request by the
entrepreneur
3. Validation of this request by the relevant
administrative services
Portals dedicated to businesses

47
Public procurement
Triple advantage of
dematerialized markets:
• Improve transparency in the
fight against corruption;
• Buy cheaper due to increased
competition
• Lower operating costs
There are platforms for:
• Procurement procedure
• Contract execution

48
Digital exchanges between companies
> Four factors drive the market:
• Logistics factor - transportation of
letters and parcels.
• Fiscal factor (customs duties)
• Financial factor (money transfer)
• Cultural factor (good practices)
Exchanges are used to all kinds of
relationships : B2C, B2B, C2G.

49
SMEs, a major source of creativity, make
an important contribution to economic and
social cohesion. They are more and more
efficient e-Gov actors, subject to their own
ability to manage innovative uses of ICT.
> For businesses, an effective development
tool is the creation of technology parks and
of clusters.
Technological dissemination

50
Economic development

51
Titre 2 Hidden part, inside administration
> Ch. 1 External prerequisites
> S.1 Access to networks and services
§. 1 Connectivity
§. 2 Capacity building
S.2 Prerequisites for administration
§. 1 Intranet
§. 2 Cross applications
Ch.2 Basic elements
S.1 Digital identity
§. 1 e-Signature
§. 2 Data treatment and cybercrime
S.2 Sharing of public data
§. 1 SI interoperability
§. 2 SI urbanization and cloud computing

52
Connectivity
> Access to submarine
cables and international
optical networks is a
prerequisite to e-
administration.

53
Regional digital development
> Government action to ensure
connectivity and related
services is called “regional
digital development”
> Its main goal is the
development of PPP in order
to avoid overinvestment in
some areas

54
Connectivity

55
Capacity building
> Users must have a
minimal training on online
services, and a minimum
of culture to be able to
benefit from e-Gov
> This sometimes requires
capacity building actions

56
Intranet
Secure data sharing within a closed user
group is very important.
A solution is building wiring and
connections.
.
A second solution is the creation of
Virtual
Private Networks.
A third is cloud computing.
>

57
Opendata
> The Open Data approach aims to
facilitate access to the quality data
required for the management and the
follow-up of development results.
> These programs include tools to establish
the decision-making process, public
accountability and good governance.

58
Cross applications for state management
> Dematerialized public finance
management avoids input errors, brings
together administration and citizen and
saves time for tax payers.
> HR management cloud reduces
operating costs.
HR IS enables to manage holidays,
salaries and civil service competitions.

59
> A “middle office” is necessary to allow
communication between the IS of the
ministries.
> A semantic and syntaxic work is also
necessary to harmonize concepts and
data between the different departments
>

60

61
> A French financial IS –
Chorus.
> It took ten years to
produce a consistent
and integrated
information system
which meets the new
requirements of the law,
and an investment of
> 1 billion euros.

62
Digital identity

63
E-Signature
> The electronic signature allows to prove its identity online and to guarantee the
author, the date and the content of a document.
> It is mandatory for cross-border applications such as TRACFIN.
> Several African states implement a legal, regulatory and normative framework
allowing e-signature (ex.: Burkina, Jordan…).

64
Fight against cybercrime
According to Interpol,
cybercrime is now comparable
to drug trafficking. It reached
750 G€/year in Europe in 2011
and is constantly increasing.
> In Africa, cyberattacks are said
to have increased of 42%.
> The most attacked countries:
Morocco, Tunisia, Algeria,
Mauritius, South Africa, Nigeria
Cybercrimes:
• piracy of computer data and
information systems
• Identity theft
• dissemination of child sexual
abuse images
• Internet auction scams
• unauthorized access to online
financial services
• propagation of viruses,
• botnets deployment
• email scam
• phishing…

65
Personal data protection
Legally, states have a political choice to make regarding the protection of personal
data.
France: Act of 6 January 1978: information should be at the service of everyone. It
should not undermine the human identity, neither human rights, neither personal
privacy, neither public or personal liberties (amended by the Act of 6 August 2004).
Europe: Directive 95/46/EC of 24 October 1995. Personal data can be transferred to a
country outside the European Union only if “the state provides an adequate level
of protection of privacy and fundamental rights and personal liberties” (art 25).
Enlarged Europe: Convention of 23 November 2001 on the fight against cybercrime.
Europe-USA: specific agreement called "Safe Harbor“.
Europe: European regulation draft project.

66
IS interoperability
> Le RGI (Référentiel général
d’interopérabilité) establishes technical
rules to ensure data interoperability,
based on standards provided by
administrative authorities.
States are no longer acting in an
isolated world.
People and goods move from one state
to another, with interoperability
problems => work internationally.

67
Urbanisation of IS
128 computer rooms on
nearly 20,000 m²
20 production units
50,000 physical and virtual
servers
12 ministries
About 1 million gigabytes of relevant
data
>500 m²
>200 m²
<200 m²
MIOMCT
MAEE MBCPFRE/MEFI
MINDEF MTESMAAPRAT
MJL
MEDDTL MEN
SPM
* In France, the ministries manage 128 computer rooms, 8 of them are larger than 500 m², 34 are between 200 m²
and 500 m², and 86 are smaller than 200 m².
Key figures
Location of state computer rooms in
France

68
Cloud computing
> Cloud computing is a form of computer
management in which the user
accesses the data, but doesn’t know
the location and the working in the
cloud.
> There are four main service models:
• SaaS - Software as a Service
• DaaS - Data as a Service
• PaaS - Platform as a Service
• IaaS - Infrastructure as a Service

69
Summary
> The methodology identified for Africa
is close to the ICT4D in Latin America
> The size of the African
market for e-Gov has
been estimated at 6
billion euros.

70
> A new step of the digital era emerges
> 1) IT => 2) Internet => 3) Data
What strategy for emerging countries?
Neither immobilism but determination
Nor precipitation and consultation
Conclusions

71
Quickness
Elite Population
Longanimity
Consultation
Economic
development
Far from the
people
Immobilism
Corruption
Debt
Quick wins
Impact of political choices

72
Elite
Personal data protection
Population
Creative and
open society
Surrender of
sovereignty
Society under
control (Big
Brother)
Economic
development
Impact of political choices

73
At your disposal
alain.ducass(((@)))adetef.gouv.fr
NB Adetef often answers to tenders in a consortium in order to
provide to the client a public-private complementary

e-Gov in-emerging countries

Recommandé

Recommandé

Contenu connexe

Tendances

Tendances (20)

Similaire à e-Gov in-emerging countries

Similaire à e-Gov in-emerging countries (20)

Plus de Alain Ducass

Plus de Alain Ducass (20)

Dernier

Dernier (20)

e-Gov in-emerging countries