L’équipe du projet BeBoP a proposé un webinaire le 30 mai 2024 pour découvrir comment la technologie vidéo, combinée à l’intelligence artificielle, se met au service de l’analyse du comportement des taurillons.
2024 State of Marketing Report – by HubspotMarius Sescu
https://www.hubspot.com/state-of-marketing
· Scaling relationships and proving ROI
· Social media is the place for search, sales, and service
· Authentic influencer partnerships fuel brand growth
· The strongest connections happen via call, click, chat, and camera.
· Time saved with AI leads to more creative work
· Seeking: A single source of truth
· TLDR; Get on social, try AI, and align your systems.
· More human marketing, powered by robots
ChatGPT is a revolutionary addition to the world since its introduction in 2022. A big shift in the sector of information gathering and processing happened because of this chatbot. What is the story of ChatGPT? How is the bot responding to prompts and generating contents? Swipe through these slides prepared by Expeed Software, a web development company regarding the development and technical intricacies of ChatGPT!
Product Design Trends in 2024 | Teenage EngineeringsPixeldarts
The realm of product design is a constantly changing environment where technology and style intersect. Every year introduces fresh challenges and exciting trends that mold the future of this captivating art form. In this piece, we delve into the significant trends set to influence the look and functionality of product design in the year 2024.
How Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental HealthThinkNow
Mental health has been in the news quite a bit lately. Dozens of U.S. states are currently suing Meta for contributing to the youth mental health crisis by inserting addictive features into their products, while the U.S. Surgeon General is touring the nation to bring awareness to the growing epidemic of loneliness and isolation. The country has endured periods of low national morale, such as in the 1970s when high inflation and the energy crisis worsened public sentiment following the Vietnam War. The current mood, however, feels different. Gallup recently reported that national mental health is at an all-time low, with few bright spots to lift spirits.
To better understand how Americans are feeling and their attitudes towards mental health in general, ThinkNow conducted a nationally representative quantitative survey of 1,500 respondents and found some interesting differences among ethnic, age and gender groups.
Technology
For example, 52% agree that technology and social media have a negative impact on mental health, but when broken out by race, 61% of Whites felt technology had a negative effect, and only 48% of Hispanics thought it did.
While technology has helped us keep in touch with friends and family in faraway places, it appears to have degraded our ability to connect in person. Staying connected online is a double-edged sword since the same news feed that brings us pictures of the grandkids and fluffy kittens also feeds us news about the wars in Israel and Ukraine, the dysfunction in Washington, the latest mass shooting and the climate crisis.
Hispanics may have a built-in defense against the isolation technology breeds, owing to their large, multigenerational households, strong social support systems, and tendency to use social media to stay connected with relatives abroad.
Age and Gender
When asked how individuals rate their mental health, men rate it higher than women by 11 percentage points, and Baby Boomers rank it highest at 83%, saying it’s good or excellent vs. 57% of Gen Z saying the same.
Gen Z spends the most amount of time on social media, so the notion that social media negatively affects mental health appears to be correlated. Unfortunately, Gen Z is also the generation that’s least comfortable discussing mental health concerns with healthcare professionals. Only 40% of them state they’re comfortable discussing their issues with a professional compared to 60% of Millennials and 65% of Boomers.
Race Affects Attitudes
As seen in previous research conducted by ThinkNow, Asian Americans lag other groups when it comes to awareness of mental health issues. Twenty-four percent of Asian Americans believe that having a mental health issue is a sign of weakness compared to the 16% average for all groups. Asians are also considerably less likely to be aware of mental health services in their communities (42% vs. 55%) and most likely to seek out information on social media (51% vs. 35%).
AI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdfmarketingartwork
This article is all about what AI trends will emerge in the field of creative operations in 2024. All the marketers and brand builders should be aware of these trends for their further use and save themselves some time!
A report by thenetworkone and Kurio.
The contributing experts and agencies are (in an alphabetical order): Sylwia Rytel, Social Media Supervisor, 180heartbeats + JUNG v MATT (PL), Sharlene Jenner, Vice President - Director of Engagement Strategy, Abelson Taylor (USA), Alex Casanovas, Digital Director, Atrevia (ES), Dora Beilin, Senior Social Strategist, Barrett Hoffher (USA), Min Seo, Campaign Director, Brand New Agency (KR), Deshé M. Gully, Associate Strategist, Day One Agency (USA), Francesca Trevisan, Strategist, Different (IT), Trevor Crossman, CX and Digital Transformation Director; Olivia Hussey, Strategic Planner; Simi Srinarula, Social Media Manager, The Hallway (AUS), James Hebbert, Managing Director, Hylink (CN / UK), Mundy Álvarez, Planning Director; Pedro Rojas, Social Media Manager; Pancho González, CCO, Inbrax (CH), Oana Oprea, Head of Digital Planning, Jam Session Agency (RO), Amy Bottrill, Social Account Director, Launch (UK), Gaby Arriaga, Founder, Leonardo1452 (MX), Shantesh S Row, Creative Director, Liwa (UAE), Rajesh Mehta, Chief Strategy Officer; Dhruv Gaur, Digital Planning Lead; Leonie Mergulhao, Account Supervisor - Social Media & PR, Medulla (IN), Aurelija Plioplytė, Head of Digital & Social, Not Perfect (LI), Daiana Khaidargaliyeva, Account Manager, Osaka Labs (UK / USA), Stefanie Söhnchen, Vice President Digital, PIABO Communications (DE), Elisabeth Winiartati, Managing Consultant, Head of Global Integrated Communications; Lydia Aprina, Account Manager, Integrated Marketing and Communications; Nita Prabowo, Account Manager, Integrated Marketing and Communications; Okhi, Web Developer, PNTR Group (ID), Kei Obusan, Insights Director; Daffi Ranandi, Insights Manager, Radarr (SG), Gautam Reghunath, Co-founder & CEO, Talented (IN), Donagh Humphreys, Head of Social and Digital Innovation, THINKHOUSE (IRE), Sarah Yim, Strategy Director, Zulu Alpha Kilo (CA).
Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024Search Engine Journal
The search marketing landscape is evolving rapidly with new technologies, and professionals, like you, rely on innovative paid search strategies to meet changing demands.
It’s important that you’re ready to implement new strategies in 2024.
Check this out and learn the top trends in paid search advertising that are expected to gain traction, so you can drive higher ROI more efficiently in 2024.
You’ll learn:
- The latest trends in AI and automation, and what this means for an evolving paid search ecosystem.
- New developments in privacy and data regulation.
- Emerging ad formats that are expected to make an impact next year.
Watch Sreekant Lanka from iQuanti and Irina Klein from OneMain Financial as they dive into the future of paid search and explore the trends, strategies, and technologies that will shape the search marketing landscape.
If you’re looking to assess your paid search strategy and design an industry-aligned plan for 2024, then this webinar is for you.
5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summarySpeakerHub
From their humble beginnings in 1984, TED has grown into the world’s most powerful amplifier for speakers and thought-leaders to share their ideas. They have over 2,400 filmed talks (not including the 30,000+ TEDx videos) freely available online, and have hosted over 17,500 events around the world.
With over one billion views in a year, it’s no wonder that so many speakers are looking to TED for ideas on how to share their message more effectively.
The article “5 Public-Speaking Tips TED Gives Its Speakers”, by Carmine Gallo for Forbes, gives speakers five practical ways to connect with their audience, and effectively share their ideas on stage.
Whether you are gearing up to get on a TED stage yourself, or just want to master the skills that so many of their speakers possess, these tips and quotes from Chris Anderson, the TED Talks Curator, will encourage you to make the most impactful impression on your audience.
See the full article and more summaries like this on SpeakerHub here: https://speakerhub.com/blog/5-presentation-tips-ted-gives-its-speakers
See the original article on Forbes here:
http://www.forbes.com/forbes/welcome/?toURL=http://www.forbes.com/sites/carminegallo/2016/05/06/5-public-speaking-tips-ted-gives-its-speakers/&refURL=&referrer=#5c07a8221d9b
L’équipe du projet BeBoP a proposé un webinaire le 30 mai 2024 pour découvrir comment la technologie vidéo, combinée à l’intelligence artificielle, se met au service de l’analyse du comportement des taurillons.
2024 State of Marketing Report – by HubspotMarius Sescu
https://www.hubspot.com/state-of-marketing
· Scaling relationships and proving ROI
· Social media is the place for search, sales, and service
· Authentic influencer partnerships fuel brand growth
· The strongest connections happen via call, click, chat, and camera.
· Time saved with AI leads to more creative work
· Seeking: A single source of truth
· TLDR; Get on social, try AI, and align your systems.
· More human marketing, powered by robots
ChatGPT is a revolutionary addition to the world since its introduction in 2022. A big shift in the sector of information gathering and processing happened because of this chatbot. What is the story of ChatGPT? How is the bot responding to prompts and generating contents? Swipe through these slides prepared by Expeed Software, a web development company regarding the development and technical intricacies of ChatGPT!
Product Design Trends in 2024 | Teenage EngineeringsPixeldarts
The realm of product design is a constantly changing environment where technology and style intersect. Every year introduces fresh challenges and exciting trends that mold the future of this captivating art form. In this piece, we delve into the significant trends set to influence the look and functionality of product design in the year 2024.
How Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental HealthThinkNow
Mental health has been in the news quite a bit lately. Dozens of U.S. states are currently suing Meta for contributing to the youth mental health crisis by inserting addictive features into their products, while the U.S. Surgeon General is touring the nation to bring awareness to the growing epidemic of loneliness and isolation. The country has endured periods of low national morale, such as in the 1970s when high inflation and the energy crisis worsened public sentiment following the Vietnam War. The current mood, however, feels different. Gallup recently reported that national mental health is at an all-time low, with few bright spots to lift spirits.
To better understand how Americans are feeling and their attitudes towards mental health in general, ThinkNow conducted a nationally representative quantitative survey of 1,500 respondents and found some interesting differences among ethnic, age and gender groups.
Technology
For example, 52% agree that technology and social media have a negative impact on mental health, but when broken out by race, 61% of Whites felt technology had a negative effect, and only 48% of Hispanics thought it did.
While technology has helped us keep in touch with friends and family in faraway places, it appears to have degraded our ability to connect in person. Staying connected online is a double-edged sword since the same news feed that brings us pictures of the grandkids and fluffy kittens also feeds us news about the wars in Israel and Ukraine, the dysfunction in Washington, the latest mass shooting and the climate crisis.
Hispanics may have a built-in defense against the isolation technology breeds, owing to their large, multigenerational households, strong social support systems, and tendency to use social media to stay connected with relatives abroad.
Age and Gender
When asked how individuals rate their mental health, men rate it higher than women by 11 percentage points, and Baby Boomers rank it highest at 83%, saying it’s good or excellent vs. 57% of Gen Z saying the same.
Gen Z spends the most amount of time on social media, so the notion that social media negatively affects mental health appears to be correlated. Unfortunately, Gen Z is also the generation that’s least comfortable discussing mental health concerns with healthcare professionals. Only 40% of them state they’re comfortable discussing their issues with a professional compared to 60% of Millennials and 65% of Boomers.
Race Affects Attitudes
As seen in previous research conducted by ThinkNow, Asian Americans lag other groups when it comes to awareness of mental health issues. Twenty-four percent of Asian Americans believe that having a mental health issue is a sign of weakness compared to the 16% average for all groups. Asians are also considerably less likely to be aware of mental health services in their communities (42% vs. 55%) and most likely to seek out information on social media (51% vs. 35%).
AI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdfmarketingartwork
This article is all about what AI trends will emerge in the field of creative operations in 2024. All the marketers and brand builders should be aware of these trends for their further use and save themselves some time!
A report by thenetworkone and Kurio.
The contributing experts and agencies are (in an alphabetical order): Sylwia Rytel, Social Media Supervisor, 180heartbeats + JUNG v MATT (PL), Sharlene Jenner, Vice President - Director of Engagement Strategy, Abelson Taylor (USA), Alex Casanovas, Digital Director, Atrevia (ES), Dora Beilin, Senior Social Strategist, Barrett Hoffher (USA), Min Seo, Campaign Director, Brand New Agency (KR), Deshé M. Gully, Associate Strategist, Day One Agency (USA), Francesca Trevisan, Strategist, Different (IT), Trevor Crossman, CX and Digital Transformation Director; Olivia Hussey, Strategic Planner; Simi Srinarula, Social Media Manager, The Hallway (AUS), James Hebbert, Managing Director, Hylink (CN / UK), Mundy Álvarez, Planning Director; Pedro Rojas, Social Media Manager; Pancho González, CCO, Inbrax (CH), Oana Oprea, Head of Digital Planning, Jam Session Agency (RO), Amy Bottrill, Social Account Director, Launch (UK), Gaby Arriaga, Founder, Leonardo1452 (MX), Shantesh S Row, Creative Director, Liwa (UAE), Rajesh Mehta, Chief Strategy Officer; Dhruv Gaur, Digital Planning Lead; Leonie Mergulhao, Account Supervisor - Social Media & PR, Medulla (IN), Aurelija Plioplytė, Head of Digital & Social, Not Perfect (LI), Daiana Khaidargaliyeva, Account Manager, Osaka Labs (UK / USA), Stefanie Söhnchen, Vice President Digital, PIABO Communications (DE), Elisabeth Winiartati, Managing Consultant, Head of Global Integrated Communications; Lydia Aprina, Account Manager, Integrated Marketing and Communications; Nita Prabowo, Account Manager, Integrated Marketing and Communications; Okhi, Web Developer, PNTR Group (ID), Kei Obusan, Insights Director; Daffi Ranandi, Insights Manager, Radarr (SG), Gautam Reghunath, Co-founder & CEO, Talented (IN), Donagh Humphreys, Head of Social and Digital Innovation, THINKHOUSE (IRE), Sarah Yim, Strategy Director, Zulu Alpha Kilo (CA).
Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024Search Engine Journal
The search marketing landscape is evolving rapidly with new technologies, and professionals, like you, rely on innovative paid search strategies to meet changing demands.
It’s important that you’re ready to implement new strategies in 2024.
Check this out and learn the top trends in paid search advertising that are expected to gain traction, so you can drive higher ROI more efficiently in 2024.
You’ll learn:
- The latest trends in AI and automation, and what this means for an evolving paid search ecosystem.
- New developments in privacy and data regulation.
- Emerging ad formats that are expected to make an impact next year.
Watch Sreekant Lanka from iQuanti and Irina Klein from OneMain Financial as they dive into the future of paid search and explore the trends, strategies, and technologies that will shape the search marketing landscape.
If you’re looking to assess your paid search strategy and design an industry-aligned plan for 2024, then this webinar is for you.
5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summarySpeakerHub
From their humble beginnings in 1984, TED has grown into the world’s most powerful amplifier for speakers and thought-leaders to share their ideas. They have over 2,400 filmed talks (not including the 30,000+ TEDx videos) freely available online, and have hosted over 17,500 events around the world.
With over one billion views in a year, it’s no wonder that so many speakers are looking to TED for ideas on how to share their message more effectively.
The article “5 Public-Speaking Tips TED Gives Its Speakers”, by Carmine Gallo for Forbes, gives speakers five practical ways to connect with their audience, and effectively share their ideas on stage.
Whether you are gearing up to get on a TED stage yourself, or just want to master the skills that so many of their speakers possess, these tips and quotes from Chris Anderson, the TED Talks Curator, will encourage you to make the most impactful impression on your audience.
See the full article and more summaries like this on SpeakerHub here: https://speakerhub.com/blog/5-presentation-tips-ted-gives-its-speakers
See the original article on Forbes here:
http://www.forbes.com/forbes/welcome/?toURL=http://www.forbes.com/sites/carminegallo/2016/05/06/5-public-speaking-tips-ted-gives-its-speakers/&refURL=&referrer=#5c07a8221d9b
ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd Clark Boyd
Everyone is in agreement that ChatGPT (and other generative AI tools) will shape the future of work. Yet there is little consensus on exactly how, when, and to what extent this technology will change our world.
Businesses that extract maximum value from ChatGPT will use it as a collaborative tool for everything from brainstorming to technical maintenance.
For individuals, now is the time to pinpoint the skills the future professional will need to thrive in the AI age.
Check out this presentation to understand what ChatGPT is, how it will shape the future of work, and how you can prepare to take advantage.
A brief introduction to DataScience with explaining of the concepts, algorithms, machine learning, supervised and unsupervised learning, clustering, statistics, data preprocessing, real-world applications etc.
It's part of a Data Science Corner Campaign where I will be discussing the fundamentals of DataScience, AIML, Statistics etc.
Time Management & Productivity - Best PracticesVit Horky
Here's my presentation on by proven best practices how to manage your work time effectively and how to improve your productivity. It includes practical tips and how to use tools such as Slack, Google Apps, Hubspot, Google Calendar, Gmail and others.
The six step guide to practical project managementMindGenius
The six step guide to practical project management
If you think managing projects is too difficult, think again.
We’ve stripped back project management processes to the
basics – to make it quicker and easier, without sacrificing
the vital ingredients for success.
“If you’re looking for some real-world guidance, then The Six Step Guide to Practical Project Management will help.”
Dr Andrew Makar, Tactical Project Management
3. • L’objectif de XSD
• Types simples en XSD
• Types complexes en XSD
• Héritage
• Contraintes d’intégrité
• Les espaces de noms XML
Plan
3
XML
4. Introduction
Application « A » Application « B »
<produit>
<id> 123</id>
<produit>
<XML> <XML>
<product>
<ID> 123</ID>
<name>shoes</name>
<product>
XML
4
5. Introduction
But :Définir la structure d’un document XML pour que
tous les intermédiaires suivent le même modèle grâce
aux schemas XSD (XML Schema Definition).
Un schéma XML définit:
Les éléments permis dans le document
Les attributs associés à ces éléments
La structure du document et les types de données
XML
5
6. • alternative au DTD
• recommandations W3C
• Issu de XML
Présentation de XSD
Tous les outils (validateurs, parseurs, processeurs, ...) mais
également les langages (XSLT, XPath, ...) qui permettent de travailler
les documents XML sont utilisables sur des XSD.
XML
6
8. DTD XSD
Nouveau langage
Syntaxe particulière
Langage issu de XML
Syntaxe XML
Types de données limités
PCDATA , CDATA
Types de données plus riches
integer, byte, string, float, …
Nombre d'occurrence très
général
*, + et ?
Nombre d’occurrence plus
précis
[1,100] , ]2,100]
Aucune contrainte sur le
contenu des éléments/attributs
Définition des contraintes sur le
contenu des éléments/attributs
mot de passe de longueur 8
email contenant le caractère @
Extensible
DTD vs XSD
XML
8
9. <produit quantite= "80">
<id> 123</id>
<produit>
XML
Document XML bien formé
XSD
Document XML valide
Respect de la syntaxe XML Respect des règles XSD
Vers un document XML valide
XML
9
10. Bien formé
Valide
Un document XML est valide si et seulement s’il est bien formé
Vers un document XML valide
Respect de la syntaxe XML
Respect des règles XSD
XML
10
11. Un document schema XML est défini dans un fichier dont l’extension
est *.xsd
Comme tout document XML, un schéma XML commence par la
prologue XML et a un élément racine
L’élément <xs:schema> est la racine de tout document Schema
XML
<?xml version="1.0" ?>
<xs:schema xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema">
…
</xs:schema>
Structure d’un schema XML
Fichier XSD
XML
11
12. Déclaration des éléments
<xs:element name="theName" type="theType" />
Valeur fixée
<xs:element name="firstName" type="xs:string" default="Mickael" />
Valeur par défaut
<xs:element name="firstName" type="xs:string" fixed="Mickael" />
L’attribut default de l’élément firstName
précise une valeur au cas où elle serait
absente
L’attribut fixed de l’élément firstName
précise une valeur et ne peut être modifiée
XML
12
13. Déclaration des attributs
<xs:attribute name="theName" type="theType" use="required" />
(required ou optional)
<xs:attribute name="remark" type="xs:string" default="Remarque à préciser" />
Valeur fixée
Valeur par défaut
L’attribut default de l’attribut remark précise une valeur
au cas où elle serait absente
<xs:attribute name="remark" type="xs:string" fixed="Remarque à préciser" />
L’attribut fixed de l’attribut remark précise une valeur et
ne peut être modifiée
XML
13
14. Les types de données 1/2
Les attributs sont de types simples
Les éléments sont de:
oTypes simples
oTypes complexes
un élément de type simple ne peut comporter ni attributs,
ni de sous éléments
un élément de type complexe permet d’exprimer des
sous éléments et permet également d’y associer des
attributs
XML
14
15. Eléments de type simple Eléments de type complexe
<film/>
<film>Gladiator</film>
<film type="action " />
<film>
<annee>2000</annee>
<realisateur>R.Scott</realisateur>
</film>
<film type= "action ">
Gladiator
</film>
<film type= "action " >
<annee>2000</annee>
<realisateur>R.Scott</realisateur>
</film>
Les types de données 2/2
XML
15
17. Les types simples dérivés
On peut créer de nouveaux types simples en dérivant des types simples
existants (prédéfinis ou dérivés)
Un nouveau type simple peut être défini par restriction ou extension
Exemple:
o L’age est un entier compris entre 1 et 100
o L’email est une chaîne de caractères qui doit contenir le caractère @
Type simple Restriction Nouveau type simple
Les types simples: restriction
XML
17
18. Les restrictions sur les types simples permettent de dériver de
nouveaux types à partir de types existants
Les restrictions passent par l’utilisation des facettes
Une facette permet de définir des contraintes sur le nouveau type à
créer
Les types simples dérivés
Les types simples: restriction
XML
18
19. La création de nouveaux types simples est réalisée avec la balise
<xs:simpleType>
<xs:simpleType name="newType" >
...
</xs:simpleType>
La restriction est exprimée avec la balise <xs:restriction>
<xs:simpleType name="newType" >
<xs:restriction base="type" >
...
</xs:restriction>
</xs:simpleType>
Les types simples dérivés
Nouveau
Type simple
Type simple
de départ
Les types simples: restriction
XML
19
20. length: permet de définir le nombre exact de caractères d'une chaîne.
maxLength: permet de définir le nombre maximum de caractères d'une chaîne.
minLength: permet de définir le nombre minimum de caractères d'une chaîne.
totalDigits: permet de définir le nombre exact de chiffres qui composent un nombre.
maxExlusive: permet de définir une valeur maximale exclusive.
maxInclusive: permet de définir une valeur maximale inclusive.
minExlusive: permet de définir une valeur minimale exclusive.
maxInclusive: permet de définir une valeur minimale inclusive.
enumeration: permet d’énumérer la liste des valeurs possibles.
pattern: définit la séquence exacte de caractères pouvant être acceptés.
whiteSpace: permet de gérer les espaces blanc.
Les principales facettes
XML
20
21. Facette length
Facette minLength, maxLength
<xs:element name=" password" type ="passwordType" />
<xs:simpleType name ="passwordType" >
<xs:restriction base="xs:string">
<xs:length value="8"/>
</xs:restriction>
</xs:simpleType>
<xs:element name="password" type="passwordType" />
<xs:simpleType name =" passwordType" >
<xs:restriction base="xs:string">
<xs:minLength value="5"/>
<xs:maxLength value="8"/>
</xs:restriction>
</xs:simpleType>
Les principales facettes
Les types simples: restriction
XML
21
22. Facette totalDigits
<xs:element name=" zip" type ="zipType" />
<xs:simpleType name ="zipType" >
<xs:restriction base="xs:positiveInteger">
<xs:totalDigits value="4"/>
</xs:restriction>
</xs:simpleType>
Les principales facettes
Les types simples: restriction
XML
22
23. Facette minLInclusive, minExclusive, maxInclusive, maxExclusive
<xs:element name=" age" type ="ageType" />
<xs:simpleType name="ageType">
<xs:restriction base="xs:int">
<xs:minInclusive value="1" />
<xs:maxInclusive value="100" />
</xs:restriction>
</xs:simpleType>
Les principales facettes
Les types simples: restriction
XML
23
24. <xs:element name=" sexe" type ="sexeType" />
<xs:simpleType name="sexeType" >
<xs:restriction base="xs:string">
<xs:enumeration value="homme" />
<xs:enumeration value="femme" />
<xs:enumeration value="indéterminé" />
</xs:restriction>
</xs:simpleType>
Facette enumeration
Trois
valeurs sont
autorisées
Les principales facettes
Les types simples: restriction
XML
24
25. Facette pattern
<xs:element name="email" type ="emailType" />
<xs:simpleType name="emailType">
<xs:restriction base="xs:string">
<xs:pattern value= " [a-z]*@[a-z]* " />
</xs:restriction>
</xs:simpleType>
Toutes les chaînes de
caractères de type
emailType doivent
respecter ce pattern
[a-z]* 0 ou plusieurs lettre(s)
([a-z][A-Z])+ 1 ou plusieurs paires de
lettres min et maj
sToP, Stop,STOP,stop
male|female Liste de choix
[a-zA-Z0-9]{8} 8 caractères (chiffre, lettre
min, lettre maj)
Les principales facettes
Les types simples: restriction
XML
25
26. L’élément xs:list définit une liste de valeurs d’un même type simple.
Le type simple de base est donné dans l’attribut itemType.
Il ne s’agit pas de listes générales comme dans certains langages de
programmation.
Il s’agit uniquement de listes de valeurs séparées par des espaces.
Liste de valeurs d’un même type simple
Les types simples: extension list
XML
<xs:element name="FootballTeams" type="FootballTeamsType" />
<xs:simpleType name=" FootballTeamsType " >
<xs:list itemType="xs:string" />
</xs:simpleType>
Fichier XSD
<?xml version ="1.0" ?>
<FootballTeams>EST CA ESS CSS ST CAB</FootballTeams>
Fichier XML
26
27. Union de types simples (Exemple)
Les types simples: extension union(1/2)
XML
<xs:element name="jeansSize" type ="sizeType" />
<xs:simpleType name="sizeType" >
<xs:union memberTypes ="xs: positiveInteger xs:string" />
</xs:simpleType>
Fichier XSD
L’élément xs:union définit un nouveau type simple dont les valeurs sont celles
des types listés dans l’attribut memberTypes
<?xml version ="1.0"?>
<jeanSize>40</jeanSize>
<jeanSize>medium</jeanSize>
Fichier XML
27
28. Un élément de type complexe peut contenir d'autres éléments
et / ou des attributs
Quatre combinaisons d'éléments complexes sont à distinguer
o Eléments vides qui ne contiennent que des attributs
o Eléments de type simple qui contiennent des attributs
o Eléments qui peuvent contenir des sous éléments
o Eléments qui contiennent des attributs et des sous éléments
La création d'un éléments de type complexe est réalisée avec la balise
<xs:complexType>
<xs:complexType name="newType" >
...
</xs:complexType>
Les types complexes 1/8
XML
28
29. Eléments vides qui ne contiennent que des attributs
<xs:element name="child" type ="childType" />
<xs:complexType name ="childType" >
<xs:attribute name="remark" type="xs:string" use="required" />
<xs:attribute name="old" type= "xs:int" />
<xs:attribute name="sexe" type="xs:string" />
</xs:complexType>
<child remark="He's too much" old="3" sexe="homme"/>
Les types complexes 2/8
XML
29
30. Eléments qui peuvent contenir des sous éléments
<person>
<name>…</name>
<firstName>…</firstName>
<old>…</old>
<email>…</email>
</person>
<xs:element name="person" type="personType " />
<xs:complexType name="personType " >
<xs:sequence>
<xs:element name="name" type="xs:string" />
<xs:element name="firstName" type="xs:string" />
<xs:element name="old" type="ageType" />
<xs:element name="email" type="emailType" />
</xs:sequence>
</xs:complexType>
sequence exprime que les
sous éléments doivent
apparaître dans l’ordre
spécifié
Les types complexes 3/8
XML
30
31. XSD permet d'exprimer trois sortes d'indicateurs d'ordre:
<xs:complexType name= "personType">
<xs:all>
<xs:element name="name" type="xs:string" />
<xs:element name="firstName" type="xs:string" />
<xs:element name="old" type="ageType" />
<xs:element name="email" type=“emailType" />
</xs:all>
</xs:complexType>
<person>
<name>…</name>
<email>… </email>
<old>…</old>
<firstName>…</firstName>
</person>
all tous les sous éléments peuvent apparaître dans n'importe quel ordre
Indicateurs d’ordre
• sequence
• all
• choice
Eléments qui peuvent contenir des sous éléments
Les types complexes 4/8
XML
31
32. choice exprime qu'un seul élément parmi tous les sous éléments peut
apparaître
<xs:complexType name= "personneType">
<xs:sequence>
<xs:element name="nom" type="xs:string" />
<xs:element name=“prenom" type="xs:string" />
<xs:element name=“age" type="ageType" />
<xs:choice>
<xs:element name=“adresse" type= “xs:string" />
<xs:element name=“adresseElectronique" type= “xs:string" />
</xs:choice>
<xs:sequence>
</xs:complexType>
<personne>
<nom>…</nom>
<prenom>…</prenom>
<age>…</age>
<adresse>…</adresse>
</person>
Indicateurs d’ordre
Eléments qui peuvent contenir des sous éléments
Les types complexes 5/8
XML
32
33. maxOccurs : précise le nombre d'occurrence maximum
minOccurs : précise le nombre d'occurrence minimum
Si les valeurs de maxOccurs ou minOccurs ne sont pas explicitement
précisées, la valeur par défaut est de 1
Pour définir une valeur infinie, fixer la valeur à unbounded
<xs:complexType name= "personType">
<xs:sequence>
<xs:element name="name" type="xs:string" />
<xs:element name="firstName" type="xs:string" />
<xs:element name="old" type="ageType" minOccurs="0" />
<xs:element name="email" type= " emailType" minOccurs="2"
maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
</xs:sequence>
</xs:complexType>
old est un élément
optionnel
Indicateurs d’occurence
Eléments qui peuvent contenir des sous éléments
Les types complexes 6/8
XML
33
34. Eléments qui peuvent contenir des sous éléments
Même si on a un seul élément fils, on doit utiliser un indicateur d’ordre
<xs:complexType name= "personType">
<xs:sequence>
<xs:element name="name" type="xs:string" />
</xs:sequence>
</xs:complexType>
Les types complexes 7/8
XML
34
35. <xs:complexType name= "personType">
<xs:sequence>
<xs:element name="name" type="xs:string" />
<xs:element name="firstName" type="xs:string" />
<xs:element name="old" type="ageType" />
<xs:element name="email" type= "emailType" />
</xs:sequence>
<xs:attribute name="id" type="xs:int" />
</xs:complexType>
<person id ="139" >
<name>…</name>
<firstName>…</firstName>
<old>…</old>
<email>…</email>
</person>
Eléments qui peuvent contenir des sous éléments et des
attributs
Les types complexes 8/8
XML
35
36. Héritage d’un élément simple
L’héritage par extension
<poids>67</poids>
extension
<xs:element name ="poids" type ="poidsType" />
<xs:complexType name ="poidsType" >
<xs:simpleContent>
<xs:extension base="xs:integer">
<attribute name="unite" type="xs:string" />
</xs:extension>
</xs:simpleContent>
</xs:complexType>
<poids unite=“kg“ >67</poids>
Possibilité de définir un nouveau type sur la base d'un type simple existant
Utilisation de la balise <xs:simpleContent>
XML
36
37. Possibilité de définir un nouveau type complexe sur la base d'un
type complexe existant
Héritage d’un élément complexe
<adress>
<receiver></receiver>
<street></street>
<city></city>
</address>
<adressUS>
<receiver></receiver>
<street></street>
<city></city>
<state></state>
<zip></zip>
</adressUS>
Type
complexe
existant
Nouveau type
complexe
L’héritage par extension
XML
37
38. Utilisation de la balise <xs:complexContent>
<xs:complexType name="addressType">
<xs:sequence>
<xs:element name="receiver" type="xs:string" />
<xs:element name="street" type="xs:string" />
<xs:element name="city" type="xs:string" />
</xs:sequence>
</xs:complexType>
<xs:complexType name="usAddressType">
<xs:complexContent>
<xs:extension base="addressType">
<xs:sequence>
<xs:element name="state" type="xs:string" />
<xs:element name="zip" type="xs:string" />
</xs:sequence>
</xs:extension>
</xs:complexContent>
</xs:complexType>
Le type addressType
définit trois sous
éléments en
séquence
Le type
usAddressType
propose une
extension
avec deux nouveaux
sous éléments en
séquence
Héritage d’un élément complexe
L’héritage par extension
XML
38
39. Héritage d’un élément simple
L’héritage par restriction
Restriction: poidsBebe <10
<poidsBebe unite =“kg“ >3</poidBebe>
<poids unite=“kg“ >67</poids>
Possibilité de définir un nouveau type sur la base d'un type simple existant
en réduisant l’espace des valeurs possibles.
Utilisation de la balise <xs:simpleContent>
XML
39
40. Héritage d’un élément simple
L’héritage par restriction
<xs:element name ="poidsBebe" type ="poidsBebeType" />
<xs:complexType name ="poidsBebeType" >
<xs:simpleContent>
<xs:restriction base=" poidsType ">
<xs:minInclusive value="2"/>
<xs:maxExclusive value="10"/>
</xs:restriction>
</xs:simpleContent>
</xs:complexType>
XML
40
41. Possibilité de définir un nouveau type complexe en réduisant les
valeurs d'un type complexe existant
Héritage d’un élément complexe
<adress>
<receiver></receiver>
<street></street>
<city></city>
</address>
<adressUS>
<street></street>
<city></city>
</adressUS>
Type
complexe
existant
Nouveau type
complexe
L’héritage par restriction
XML
41
42. Utilisation de la balise <xs:complexContent>
<xs:complexType name="addressType">
<xs:sequence>
<xs:element name="receiver" type="xs:string" />
<xs:element name="street" type="xs:string" />
<xs:element name="city" type="xs:string" />
</xs:sequence>
</xs:complexType>
<xs:complexType name="usAddressType">
<xs:complexContent>
<xs:restriction base="addressType">
<xs:sequence>
<xs:element name="street" type="xs:string" />
<xs:element name="city" type="xs:string" />
</xs:sequence>
</xs:restriction>
</xs:complexContent>
</xs:complexType>
Le type addressType
définit trois sous
éléments en
séquence
Le type
usAddressType
propose une
restriction en
éliminant le sous
élément "receiver"
Héritage d’un élément complexe
L’héritage par restriction
XML
42
43. Types d’héritage
Restriction Extension
<complexType>
<complexContent>
<restriction base="type">
allowed element content
allowed attributes
</restriction>
</complexContent>
</complexType>
<complexType>
<complexContent>
<extension base="type">
extra element content
extra attributes
</extension>
</complexContent>
</complexType>
<complexType>
<simpleContent>
<restriction base="type">
facet restrictions
allowed attributes
</restriction>
</simpleContent>
</complexType>
<complexType>
<simpleContent>
<extension base="type">
extra attributes
</extension>
</simpleContent>
</complexType>
XML 43
44. Contraintes d’intégrité
Contrainte d’unicité
<cinema>
<film id="f23"> Gladiator </film>
<film id="f12"> Avatar </film>
</cinema>
<xs:element name="cinema" type="cinemaType">
<xs:key name="film.id">
<xs:selector xpath="film"/>
<xs:field xpath="@id"/>
</xs:key>
</xs:element>
Deux éléments film dans le même élément cinema ne peuvent pas
avoir la même valeur d’attribut « id »
Similaire à la déclaration d’une valeur unique
La valeur qui détermine l’unicité doit toujours exister et ne peut pas
être nulle.
Cette valeur peut être constituée de plusieurs champs: il suffit pour
cela de mettre plusieurs éléments xs:field dans l’élément xs:key.
La contrainte définie peut être donnée par des éléments et pas
seulement par des attributs.
XML
44
45. Contraintes d’intégrité
Contrainte d’existence
<salle nom="St André des Arts">
<seance ref_film="f12"> 14:30 </seance>
<seance ref_film="f23"> 17:00 </seance>
</salle>
<xs:element name="salle" type="salleType">
<xs:keyRef name="refFilm" refer="film.id">
<xs:selector xpath="seance"/>
<xs:field xpath="@ref_film"/>
</ xs:keyRef >
</xs:element>
L’attribut ref_film de seance est une clé étrangère définie dans l’élément salle
ref_film fait référence à une clé définie nommée film.id
Une contrainte d’existence spécifie que dans le contenu d’un élément donné, il
doit exister un élément ayant une propriété fixée.
XML
45
46. Fusion des 2 documents
<entreprise>
<departement>
<id>D001</id>
<nom>Marketing</nom>
<employe>
<id>E0000001</id>
<nom>Smith</nom>
<prenom>John </prenom>
</employe>
</departement>
</entreprise>
Confusion sur le
sens des éléments
id et nom
<employe>
<id>E0000001</id>
<nom>Smith</nom>
<prenom>John </prenom>
</employe>
<departement>
<id>D001</id>
<nom>Marketing</nom>
</departement>
Espace de noms XML 1/6
Problème
XML
46
47. Distinguer les éléments et les attributs de différentes documents
XML qui ont le même nom
Objectif
Solution Utiliser les espaces de noms XML
Fusion des 2 documents
<dep:departement>
<dep:id>D001</dep:id>
<dep:nom>Marketing</dep:nom>
<emp:employe>
<emp:id>E0000001</emp:id>
<emp:nom>Smith</emp:nom>
<emp:prenom>John </emp:prenom>
</emp:employe>
</dep:departement>
<emp:employe>
<emp:id>E0000001</emp:id>
<emp:nom>Smith</emp:nom>
<emp:prenom>John </emp:prenom>
</emp:employe>
<dep:departement>
<dep:id>D001</dep:id>
<dep:nom>Marketing</dep:nom>
</dep:departement>
Espace de noms XML 2/6
XML
47
48. Un espace de nom associe un préfixe à un URI
L’URI (Uniform Resource Identifier) sert à identifier un espace de noms
Le préfixe est une chaîne utilisée pour référencer l’espace de nom dans
un fichier XML.
employe
id
nom
departement
id
nom
URI: http://employe.com
Préfixe: emp
URI: http://departement.com
Préfixe: dep
Espace de noms XML 3/6
Déclaration des espaces de noms
XML
48
50. <emp:employe xmlns:emp="http://emloye.com">
<emp:id>E0000001</emp:id>
<emp:nom>Smith</emp:nom>
<emp:prenom>John </emp:prenom>
</emp:employe>
<dep:departement xmlns:dep="http://departement.com">
<dep:id>D001</dep:id>
<dep:nom>Marketing</dep:nom>
</dep:departement>
<entreprise xmlns:dep="http://departement.com"
xmlns:emp="http://emloye.com" >
<dep:departement>
<dep:id>D001</dep:id>
<dep:nom>Marketing</dep:nom>
<emp:employe>
<emp:id>E0000001</emp:id>
<emp:nom>Smith</emp:nom>
<emp:prenom>John </emp:prenom>
</emp:employe>
</dep:departement>
</entreprise>
Fusion des 2 documents
Espace de noms XML 5/6
Déclaration des espaces de noms
XML
50
51. Espace de nom pour XSL
Espace de nom pour XSD
<?xml version="1.0" ?>
<xs:schema xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema">
…
</xs:schema>
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<xsl:stylesheet xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform">
…
</xsl:stylesheet >
Déclaration des espaces de noms
Espace de noms XML 6/6
XML
51
52. schema
element
complexType
string
integer
boolean
XML Schema Namespace
http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<xs:schema xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
xmlns="http://www. departement.org"
targetNamespace="http://www. departement.org">
<xs:element name="departement" type="depType"/>
<xs:complexType name="depType">
<xs:sequence>
<xs:element name="id" type="xs:integer"/>
<xs:element name="nom" type="xs:string"/>
</xs:sequence>
</xs:complexType>
</xs:schema>
departement
id
nom
departemenType
Document
XML Schema
Target Namespace
http://www.departement.org
<departement>
<id>D001</id>
<nom>Marketing</nom>
</departement>
Document XML
Les éléments et les types appartenant au XML Schema Namespace sont
utilisés pour écrire un document XSD
Les nouveaux types et élément déclarés dans le document XSD
appartiennent à un nouveau espace de nom: c’est le tragetNamespace
Le targetNamesapce est utilisé par le fichier
XML pour la validation
Espace de noms XSD 1/4
XML
52
54. XSD
XML XML XML
XML Schema
XML Schema Instance XML Schema Instance XML Schema Instance
Espace de noms XSD 3/4
Association d’un fichier XML à un fichier XSD
XML
54
55. xmlns Espace de noms des éléments utilisés dans le fichier XML
xmlns:xsi Il s’agit d’une instance de schema XSD
xsi:schemaLocation Localiser le document XSD
<departement xmlns="http://www.departement.org"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.departement.org departement.xsd">
Fichier XML
Espace de noms XSD 4/4
Association d’un fichier XML à un fichier XSD
XML
55
56. En résumé
• XSD est un langage permettant la définition de la
structure d’un document XML
• XSD offre une richesse de types
Types simples, types complexes
Restriction, extension
• L’association d’un fichier XML à un fichier XSD passe
par l’utilisation des espaces de noms.
XML
56