Berlin blockade and airlift for European Section studentsjohnryan56
A powerpoint presentation of the first east-west confrontation in the Cold War. A propaganda victory for the western allies and an example American power in the post-WWII world.
World War I was a global war involving many countries from 1914-1918. Key alliances divided countries into the Allied and Central Powers. Mutual defense treaties ensured Russia and France's entry against Germany and Austria-Hungary after the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand. Though Woodrow Wilson wanted peace, Germany's resumption of unrestricted submarine warfare led the US to join the Allies in 1917. The Central Powers ultimately lost due to battles on the Western Front and revolutions in Germany and Russia, ending with the November 1918 Armistice.
After World War 2, Germany was divided between the Western Allies and Soviet Union. Berlin was also divided, and from 1949 to 1961 over 2.7 million East Germans fled to the West via Berlin. In 1961, East Germany erected the Berlin Wall to stop the flow of emigrants. The wall cut through neighborhoods and became a symbol of the Cold War. It stood for 28 years until 1989, when political reforms in the Eastern Bloc led East Germany to open border crossings and allow East Berliners to freely enter West Berlin, leading to the fall of the wall.
The Soviet Union was a socialist state that existed from 1922 to 1991, established after the Russian Revolution and Russian Civil War. It grew to include 15 republics and spanned Eurasia. During World War II, the Soviet Union played a major role in defeating Nazi Germany but suffered immense losses. In subsequent decades, it developed its economy and technology but also maintained strict centralized control. In the 1980s, reforms under Gorbachev led to greater political and economic freedom but also weakened the Soviet Union, ultimately leading to its dissolution in 1991.
The Berlin Wall was built in 1961 by East Germany to prevent its citizens from fleeing to West Berlin and West Germany due to economic and political conditions. It divided the city into East and West for 28 years. In 1989, large protests in East Germany grew and the government was forced to open the border, eventually dismantling the Wall by 1991 to reunify Germany. The fall of the Berlin Wall ended the Cold War and Communist control in Eastern Europe.
Berlin blockade and airlift for European Section studentsjohnryan56
A powerpoint presentation of the first east-west confrontation in the Cold War. A propaganda victory for the western allies and an example American power in the post-WWII world.
World War I was a global war involving many countries from 1914-1918. Key alliances divided countries into the Allied and Central Powers. Mutual defense treaties ensured Russia and France's entry against Germany and Austria-Hungary after the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand. Though Woodrow Wilson wanted peace, Germany's resumption of unrestricted submarine warfare led the US to join the Allies in 1917. The Central Powers ultimately lost due to battles on the Western Front and revolutions in Germany and Russia, ending with the November 1918 Armistice.
After World War 2, Germany was divided between the Western Allies and Soviet Union. Berlin was also divided, and from 1949 to 1961 over 2.7 million East Germans fled to the West via Berlin. In 1961, East Germany erected the Berlin Wall to stop the flow of emigrants. The wall cut through neighborhoods and became a symbol of the Cold War. It stood for 28 years until 1989, when political reforms in the Eastern Bloc led East Germany to open border crossings and allow East Berliners to freely enter West Berlin, leading to the fall of the wall.
The Soviet Union was a socialist state that existed from 1922 to 1991, established after the Russian Revolution and Russian Civil War. It grew to include 15 republics and spanned Eurasia. During World War II, the Soviet Union played a major role in defeating Nazi Germany but suffered immense losses. In subsequent decades, it developed its economy and technology but also maintained strict centralized control. In the 1980s, reforms under Gorbachev led to greater political and economic freedom but also weakened the Soviet Union, ultimately leading to its dissolution in 1991.
The Berlin Wall was built in 1961 by East Germany to prevent its citizens from fleeing to West Berlin and West Germany due to economic and political conditions. It divided the city into East and West for 28 years. In 1989, large protests in East Germany grew and the government was forced to open the border, eventually dismantling the Wall by 1991 to reunify Germany. The fall of the Berlin Wall ended the Cold War and Communist control in Eastern Europe.
Following World War II, tensions rose between the Western allies and the Soviet Union. The Soviets set up communist governments in Eastern Europe and cut off access to West Berlin. In response, the Western allies launched the Berlin Airlift to supply West Berlin by air. Over two years, the airlift delivered over 2 million tons of supplies until the Soviets lifted the blockade. The blockade increased tensions and led to the formation of NATO and the Warsaw Pact, cementing Europe's division between the communist East and capitalist West during the Cold War.
The Cold War began after World War 2 and resulted in the formation of two military alliances - NATO and the Warsaw Pact. Tensions escalated throughout the late 1940s and 1950s, including the Berlin Blockade and arms buildup. Major events of the early Cold War included the Cuban Missile Crisis and space race. Reformist leader Mikhail Gorbachev in the 1980s led to improved US-Soviet relations and the eventual dissolution of the Soviet Union, bringing the Cold War to an end.
CAMBRIDGE A2 HISTORY:NAZISM. It contains: national socialism, the struggle for dominance, noble and creative Aryans, expansionism and war, persecution of Jews, terror, genocide and racial extermination, Nazism theory, Nazi party, Mein Kampf, the purge, identifying Nazism, preserving pure elements, Fichte, Volkskrieg, Riehl, Volkish nationalism, Bismarck, Hitler.
The document provides an overview of the origins and key events of the Cold War between the United States and Soviet Union from 1945 to the early 1960s. It discusses the ideological differences that emerged after WWII, the Soviet domination of Eastern Europe, and major flashpoints like the Berlin Blockade, Korean War, and U-2 incident that increased tensions between the two superpowers. Covert operations and arms races further escalated hostilities as the Cold War expanded globally during this time period.
The Berlin Wall was built in 1961 to prevent East Berliners from escaping to West Berlin. It divided the city until 1989. The wall was prompted by the large number of people fleeing from East to West Berlin each month for greater prosperity. It cut through neighborhoods and separated families. Over its 28-year existence, 192 people died trying to cross the wall illegally. The wall fell in 1989 amid reforms in the Soviet Union under Mikhail Gorbachev that weakened East Germany.
Causes of the Cold War - NATO and the Warsaw Pactmrmarr
Throughout the Cold War, NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization) and the Warsaw Pact were the two opposing military alliances between the Western countries and the Soviet bloc. As tensions rose between the US and USSR after World War 2, NATO was formed in 1949 with 12 original members pledged to defend each other if attacked. The USSR responded by forming the Warsaw Pact in 1955, a similar military alliance to extend Soviet control over Eastern Europe. These alliances helped divide Europe into Western and Eastern spheres of influence during the Cold War.
The document summarizes the Berlin Blockade and Airlift that occurred in 1948. It describes how the Soviets cut off access by road and rail to West Berlin in response to the western allies introducing a new currency. In response, the US initiated an massive airlift to supply West Berlin by plane. Over 15 months, planes delivered necessities to the city's 2.5 million residents every 2 minutes. This airlift showed Soviet attempts to isolate West Berlin would not work, and they eventually backed down and lifted the blockade. The blockade and airlift demonstrated the need for a unified western military alliance, leading to the formation of NATO in 1949.
The Berlin Wall was built in 1961 and divided West and East Berlin until 1989. It had official crossings that were heavily guarded checkpoints. In 1987, U.S. President Ronald Reagan challenged the Soviet Union to tear down the Berlin Wall at the Brandenburg Gate. The wall fell in 1989, marking the end of the dictatorship in East Germany and reunification of Germany.
The Battle of Berlin was the final major Soviet offensive in World War 2 that began on January 16, 1945 and ended on May 2, 1945. It involved the Soviet encirclement of Berlin and intense urban combat within the city against German forces defending Hitler's capital. After weeks of fighting, Soviet troops captured the Reichstag building on April 30th. Hitler committed suicide in his bunker shortly after as Soviet forces closed in. Germany surrendered days later, marking the end of World War 2 in Europe.
The Cold War was a period of geopolitical tension between the United States and Soviet Union from 1945-1991. The two superpowers established opposing military alliances - NATO and the Warsaw Pact - and engaged in an arms race including developing nuclear weapons. This rivalry led to regional proxy wars in Korea and Vietnam as the US sought to contain the spread of communism through military interventions and economic aid like the Marshall Plan. Tensions escalated during events like the Berlin Blockade and Cuban Missile Crisis, bringing the world close to nuclear war before relations gradually improved in the later Cold War era.
- After Stalin's death in 1953, Khrushchev publicly denounced Stalin and began destalinization, opening up the Soviet Union. In the 1970s, Nixon and Brezhnev initiated détente and SALT talks to limit nuclear weapons. Reagan took a stronger stance against communism in the 1980s.
- Mikhail Gorbachev implemented glasnost (openness) and perestroika (economic restructuring) in the 1980s to reform the Soviet Union. This led to the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989 and German reunification in 1990.
- Attempts to depose Gorbachev in a 1991 coup failed when Yeltsin and the people refused to back down. This
The document summarizes the origins and key events of the Cold War between the Soviet Union and its Eastern Bloc allies on one side, and the United States and its Western allies on the other. It describes how tensions arose after WWII due to differing political and economic ideologies. It then discusses major flashpoints like the division of Germany and Berlin, the formation of opposing military alliances like NATO and the Warsaw Pact, and the Berlin Blockade and Airlift that escalated Cold War tensions.
The Vietnam War was a conflict between North Vietnam and South Vietnam that lasted from 1955 to 1975. It began as a war between Vietnam and France, which led to the country being divided along the 17th parallel in 1954. This division created North Vietnam, backed by Communist China and the Soviet Union, and South Vietnam, backed by the United States. Despite peace agreements, fighting continued and grew until the United States directly intervened in 1965. After years of heavy casualties and domestic opposition, the US withdrew from Vietnam in 1973, and North Vietnam captured South Vietnam's capital in 1975, reunifying the country under communist rule.
The Berlin Blockade occurred in 1948 when the Soviet Union blocked land access to West Berlin in response to the Western Allies introducing a new currency. To sustain West Berlin, the Allies launched an unprecedented airlift to supply the city. Over time the airlift proved successful and the blockade was lifted in 1949, further dividing Europe into Soviet-allied Eastern Bloc and Western-allied nations.
The Berlin Wall was built in 1961 by East Germany to stop the flow of citizens to West Berlin. It was constructed in stages, starting with a barbed wire fence and expanding to include concrete walls, guard towers, and a death strip between two walls. Over its existence, around 100-200 people were killed trying to escape by climbing the wall or through tunnels. The wall divided Germany until 1989 when Hungary opened its border and travel restrictions collapsed, ultimately leading to the fall of the Berlin Wall on November 9, 1989.
The document summarizes several major battles of World War 2, including the London Blitz, Pearl Harbor attack, Battle of Midway, D-Day, Battle of the Bulge, Battle of Iwo Jima, Battle of Berlin, and the bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. It provides the dates and brief details of key events for each major battle, as well as Japanese and German casualties when available. It also includes a timeline of major battle dates from 1940 to 1945.
The Normandy Invasion was a massive military operation launched on June 6, 1944 by Allied forces. Over 5,000 ships and 11,000 planes were involved in transporting over 150,000 troops across the English Channel to five beaches in Normandy, France. It faced heavy German resistance from fortified defensive positions along the coast. While the invasion resulted in over 9,000 casualties on D-Day alone, it succeeded in securing a beachhead in Normandy and marked a major turning point in World War 2, ultimately leading to the liberation of Western Europe from Nazi Germany.
The document summarizes major events in US foreign policy and the Cold War from 1945 to the early 1990s in 3 periods:
1) 1945-1972: The US worked to contain communism through policies like the Truman Doctrine, Marshall Plan, NATO, and conflicts in Korea and Vietnam. This led to increased tensions and proxy wars with the Soviet Union.
2) 1973-1989: Both sides pursued détente through arms agreements, but tensions increased again due to conflicts in places like Afghanistan.
3) 1989-1991: Reforms under Gorbachev weakened the Soviet Union, leading to its collapse and the end of the Cold War. Some argued this marked "the end of history"
Following World War II, tensions rose between the Western allies and the Soviet Union. The Soviets set up communist governments in Eastern Europe and cut off access to West Berlin. In response, the Western allies launched the Berlin Airlift to supply West Berlin by air. Over two years, the airlift delivered over 2 million tons of supplies until the Soviets lifted the blockade. The blockade increased tensions and led to the formation of NATO and the Warsaw Pact, cementing Europe's division between the communist East and capitalist West during the Cold War.
The Cold War began after World War 2 and resulted in the formation of two military alliances - NATO and the Warsaw Pact. Tensions escalated throughout the late 1940s and 1950s, including the Berlin Blockade and arms buildup. Major events of the early Cold War included the Cuban Missile Crisis and space race. Reformist leader Mikhail Gorbachev in the 1980s led to improved US-Soviet relations and the eventual dissolution of the Soviet Union, bringing the Cold War to an end.
CAMBRIDGE A2 HISTORY:NAZISM. It contains: national socialism, the struggle for dominance, noble and creative Aryans, expansionism and war, persecution of Jews, terror, genocide and racial extermination, Nazism theory, Nazi party, Mein Kampf, the purge, identifying Nazism, preserving pure elements, Fichte, Volkskrieg, Riehl, Volkish nationalism, Bismarck, Hitler.
The document provides an overview of the origins and key events of the Cold War between the United States and Soviet Union from 1945 to the early 1960s. It discusses the ideological differences that emerged after WWII, the Soviet domination of Eastern Europe, and major flashpoints like the Berlin Blockade, Korean War, and U-2 incident that increased tensions between the two superpowers. Covert operations and arms races further escalated hostilities as the Cold War expanded globally during this time period.
The Berlin Wall was built in 1961 to prevent East Berliners from escaping to West Berlin. It divided the city until 1989. The wall was prompted by the large number of people fleeing from East to West Berlin each month for greater prosperity. It cut through neighborhoods and separated families. Over its 28-year existence, 192 people died trying to cross the wall illegally. The wall fell in 1989 amid reforms in the Soviet Union under Mikhail Gorbachev that weakened East Germany.
Causes of the Cold War - NATO and the Warsaw Pactmrmarr
Throughout the Cold War, NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization) and the Warsaw Pact were the two opposing military alliances between the Western countries and the Soviet bloc. As tensions rose between the US and USSR after World War 2, NATO was formed in 1949 with 12 original members pledged to defend each other if attacked. The USSR responded by forming the Warsaw Pact in 1955, a similar military alliance to extend Soviet control over Eastern Europe. These alliances helped divide Europe into Western and Eastern spheres of influence during the Cold War.
The document summarizes the Berlin Blockade and Airlift that occurred in 1948. It describes how the Soviets cut off access by road and rail to West Berlin in response to the western allies introducing a new currency. In response, the US initiated an massive airlift to supply West Berlin by plane. Over 15 months, planes delivered necessities to the city's 2.5 million residents every 2 minutes. This airlift showed Soviet attempts to isolate West Berlin would not work, and they eventually backed down and lifted the blockade. The blockade and airlift demonstrated the need for a unified western military alliance, leading to the formation of NATO in 1949.
The Berlin Wall was built in 1961 and divided West and East Berlin until 1989. It had official crossings that were heavily guarded checkpoints. In 1987, U.S. President Ronald Reagan challenged the Soviet Union to tear down the Berlin Wall at the Brandenburg Gate. The wall fell in 1989, marking the end of the dictatorship in East Germany and reunification of Germany.
The Battle of Berlin was the final major Soviet offensive in World War 2 that began on January 16, 1945 and ended on May 2, 1945. It involved the Soviet encirclement of Berlin and intense urban combat within the city against German forces defending Hitler's capital. After weeks of fighting, Soviet troops captured the Reichstag building on April 30th. Hitler committed suicide in his bunker shortly after as Soviet forces closed in. Germany surrendered days later, marking the end of World War 2 in Europe.
The Cold War was a period of geopolitical tension between the United States and Soviet Union from 1945-1991. The two superpowers established opposing military alliances - NATO and the Warsaw Pact - and engaged in an arms race including developing nuclear weapons. This rivalry led to regional proxy wars in Korea and Vietnam as the US sought to contain the spread of communism through military interventions and economic aid like the Marshall Plan. Tensions escalated during events like the Berlin Blockade and Cuban Missile Crisis, bringing the world close to nuclear war before relations gradually improved in the later Cold War era.
- After Stalin's death in 1953, Khrushchev publicly denounced Stalin and began destalinization, opening up the Soviet Union. In the 1970s, Nixon and Brezhnev initiated détente and SALT talks to limit nuclear weapons. Reagan took a stronger stance against communism in the 1980s.
- Mikhail Gorbachev implemented glasnost (openness) and perestroika (economic restructuring) in the 1980s to reform the Soviet Union. This led to the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989 and German reunification in 1990.
- Attempts to depose Gorbachev in a 1991 coup failed when Yeltsin and the people refused to back down. This
The document summarizes the origins and key events of the Cold War between the Soviet Union and its Eastern Bloc allies on one side, and the United States and its Western allies on the other. It describes how tensions arose after WWII due to differing political and economic ideologies. It then discusses major flashpoints like the division of Germany and Berlin, the formation of opposing military alliances like NATO and the Warsaw Pact, and the Berlin Blockade and Airlift that escalated Cold War tensions.
The Vietnam War was a conflict between North Vietnam and South Vietnam that lasted from 1955 to 1975. It began as a war between Vietnam and France, which led to the country being divided along the 17th parallel in 1954. This division created North Vietnam, backed by Communist China and the Soviet Union, and South Vietnam, backed by the United States. Despite peace agreements, fighting continued and grew until the United States directly intervened in 1965. After years of heavy casualties and domestic opposition, the US withdrew from Vietnam in 1973, and North Vietnam captured South Vietnam's capital in 1975, reunifying the country under communist rule.
The Berlin Blockade occurred in 1948 when the Soviet Union blocked land access to West Berlin in response to the Western Allies introducing a new currency. To sustain West Berlin, the Allies launched an unprecedented airlift to supply the city. Over time the airlift proved successful and the blockade was lifted in 1949, further dividing Europe into Soviet-allied Eastern Bloc and Western-allied nations.
The Berlin Wall was built in 1961 by East Germany to stop the flow of citizens to West Berlin. It was constructed in stages, starting with a barbed wire fence and expanding to include concrete walls, guard towers, and a death strip between two walls. Over its existence, around 100-200 people were killed trying to escape by climbing the wall or through tunnels. The wall divided Germany until 1989 when Hungary opened its border and travel restrictions collapsed, ultimately leading to the fall of the Berlin Wall on November 9, 1989.
The document summarizes several major battles of World War 2, including the London Blitz, Pearl Harbor attack, Battle of Midway, D-Day, Battle of the Bulge, Battle of Iwo Jima, Battle of Berlin, and the bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. It provides the dates and brief details of key events for each major battle, as well as Japanese and German casualties when available. It also includes a timeline of major battle dates from 1940 to 1945.
The Normandy Invasion was a massive military operation launched on June 6, 1944 by Allied forces. Over 5,000 ships and 11,000 planes were involved in transporting over 150,000 troops across the English Channel to five beaches in Normandy, France. It faced heavy German resistance from fortified defensive positions along the coast. While the invasion resulted in over 9,000 casualties on D-Day alone, it succeeded in securing a beachhead in Normandy and marked a major turning point in World War 2, ultimately leading to the liberation of Western Europe from Nazi Germany.
The document summarizes major events in US foreign policy and the Cold War from 1945 to the early 1990s in 3 periods:
1) 1945-1972: The US worked to contain communism through policies like the Truman Doctrine, Marshall Plan, NATO, and conflicts in Korea and Vietnam. This led to increased tensions and proxy wars with the Soviet Union.
2) 1973-1989: Both sides pursued détente through arms agreements, but tensions increased again due to conflicts in places like Afghanistan.
3) 1989-1991: Reforms under Gorbachev weakened the Soviet Union, leading to its collapse and the end of the Cold War. Some argued this marked "the end of history"
Impact des Critères Environnementaux, Sociaux et de Gouvernance (ESG) sur les...mrelmejri
J'ai réalisé ce projet pour obtenir mon diplôme en licence en sciences de gestion, spécialité management, à l'ISCAE Manouba. Au cours de mon stage chez Attijari Bank, j'ai été particulièrement intéressé par l'impact des critères Environnementaux, Sociaux et de Gouvernance (ESG) sur les décisions d'investissement dans le secteur bancaire. Cette étude explore comment ces critères influencent les stratégies et les choix d'investissement des banques.
Conseils pour Les Jeunes | Conseils de La Vie| Conseil de La JeunesseOscar Smith
Besoin des conseils pour les Jeunes ? Le document suivant est plein des conseils de la Vie ! C’est vraiment un document conseil de la jeunesse que tout jeune devrait consulter.
Voir version video:
➡https://youtu.be/7ED4uTW0x1I
Sur la chaine:👇
👉https://youtube.com/@kbgestiondeprojets
Aimeriez-vous donc…
-réussir quand on est jeune ?
-avoir de meilleurs conseils pour réussir jeune ?
- qu’on vous offre des conseils de la vie ?
Ce document est une ressource qui met en évidence deux obstacles qui empêchent les jeunes de mener une vie épanouie : l'inaction et le pessimisme.
1) Découvrez comment l'inaction, c'est-à-dire le fait de ne pas agir ou d'agir alors qu'on le devrait ou qu'on est censé le faire, est un obstacle à une vie épanouie ;
> Comment l'inaction affecte-t-elle l'avenir du jeune ? Que devraient plutôt faire les jeunes pour se racheter et récupérer ce qui leur appartient ? A découvrir dans le document ;
2) Le pessimisme, c'est douter de tout ! Les jeunes doutent que la génération plus âgée ne soit jamais orientée vers la bonne volonté. Les jeunes se sentent toujours mal à l'aise face à la ruse et la volonté politique de la génération plus âgée ! Cet état de doute extrême empêche les jeunes de découvrir les opportunités offertes par les politiques et les dispositifs en faveur de la jeunesse. Voulez-vous en savoir plus sur ces opportunités que la plupart des jeunes ne découvrent pas à cause de leur pessimisme ? Consultez cette ressource gratuite et profitez-en !
En rapport avec les " conseils pour les jeunes, " cette ressource peut aussi aider les internautes cherchant :
➡les conseils pratiques pour les jeunes
➡conseils pour réussir
➡jeune investisseur conseil
➡comment investir son argent quand on est jeune
➡conseils d'écriture jeunes auteurs
➡conseils pour les jeunes auteurs
➡comment aller vers les jeunes
➡conseil des jeunes citoyens
➡les conseils municipaux des jeunes
➡conseils municipaux des jeunes
➡conseil des jeunes en mairie
➡qui sont les jeunes
➡projet pour les jeunes
➡conseil des jeunes paris
➡infos pour les jeunes
➡conseils pour les jeunes
➡Quels sont les bienfaits de la jeunesse ?
➡Quels sont les 3 qualités de la jeunesse ?
➡Comment gérer les problèmes des adolescents ?
➡les conseils de jeunes
➡guide de conseils de jeunes
1. Le Rideau de Fer
Caricature
anonyme
« Churchill et le
Rideau de Fer »
2. Approche historique
Le Rideau de Fer est mené le temps de la Guerre Froide (1947-1990)
La construction du mur de Berlin qui sépare l'Allemagne en 2 la nuit du 12 au 13 août 1961
représente l'apogée du Rideau de Fer .
Le terme « Rideau de Fer » a été popularisé par Winston Churchill lors d'un discours prononcé le
5 mars 1946 à Fulton (USA) lorsqu'il a déclaré « un rideau de fer s'est abattu sur le continent
européen de Stettin à Trieste » .
Suite aux mouvements de réforme qui ont lieu en URSS, les autorités hongroises décident , le 2
mai 1989 , d'ouvrir leur frontière avec l'Autriche . C'est de le début du démantèlement du
Rideau de Fer , devenu totalement obsolète avec la Chute du Mur de Berlin le 9 novembre 1989 ,
et donc la chute du communisme .
Le Rideau de Fer a été construit pour contrôler les populations , les marchandises qui passent
entre la zone communiste et la zone occidental .
« Il s’agit d’abord d’une frontière hermétique très contrôlée, en plein cœur de l’Europe, explique
l’historien.
3. Approche géographique
Le rideau de fer est une frontière matérialisé construite après la 2nde guerre
mondiale , et durant la guerre froide pour séparer le bloc Ouest (dirigé par les États-
Unis et ses alliés) du bloc Est (Zone soviétique communiste dominée par l'URSS) .
Plus souvent , il prenait la forme de barbelés électrifies , champs de mines et
miradors . C'était une zone militarisé (on pouvait voir des soldats armés et des chars
des deux cotés de ce « rideau de fer. »
Ce « rideau de fer » séparait l'Europe en 2 , avec notamment le bloc pro-américain
(occidental) à l'Ouest et le bloc soviétique à l'Est
Les principales frontiéres séparées par le Rideau de Fer : Russie-Finlande, RDA-RFA,
Tchécoslovaquie-RFA, Autriche-Hongrie et Bulgarie-Grèce.
« Il s’agit d’abord d’une frontière hermétique très contrôlée, en plein cœur de
l’Europe, explique l’historien. Mais son objectif premier est d’empêcher les
populations de passer à l’Ouest. » Une prison géante, gardée par des miradors et des
militaires, par endroits avec des barbelés et des champs de mines. Le pire ayant lieu à
Berlin en 1961 avec la construction d’un mur et d’un immense no man’s land, où toute
traversée provoque des tirs à balles réelles : on passe alors du rideau symbolique au
mur physique, tangible et infranchissable.
6. Approche géopolitique
Avec la guerre froide et le monde bipolaire de la 2nde Guerre Mondiale , on a vu se
mette un place ce « Rideau de Fer » séparant en deux l'Europe .
Le Rideau de Fer est matérialisé en Allemagne avec le Mur de Berlin (construction
d'une longueur de 155 km et d'une hauteur de 3,6 m , dirigé par Nikita Khrouchtche)
7. Le Rideau de Fer Hongrois-
Autriche
Le rideau de fer hongrois a été établi en 1966 sur les 260 km de frontière avec
l'Autriche. Il s'agissait d'un double réseau en grillage barbelé et électrifié. Il a
commencé à être démantelé à partir du 2 mai 1989 par les gardes-frontières
hongrois, à l'aide de pinces coupantes et de bulldozers. En vingt-deux années
d'existence, quelque treize mille cinq cents personnes ont tenté de le franchir au
péril de leur vie, soit en moyenne deux tentatives chaque jour. Au total, seulement
trois cents personnes ont réussi à passer à l'Ouest par la Hongrie.
8. Le Rideau de Fer
Tchécoslovaque
La frontière tchécoslovaque était isolée par une zone interdite de 6 à 12 kilomètres
de profondeur à l’intérieur de laquelle les habitants doivent être munis d’un passeport
spécial. Les agglomérations étaient clôturées par une enceinte supplémentaire de
grillage et de barbelés et par tout un système d’alerte. Cette frontière était un autre
exemple de frontière matérialisée.
Ville assoupie de Kutna Hora
en République Tchéque . La
reconstruction de la ville aprés
la fin du Rideau de Fer .
9. L’après du Rideau de Fer
Trente ans après la chute du mur de Berlin, l’ancien tracé du
rideau de fer est devenu le réseau écologique le plus long d’Europe,
aussi connu sous le nom de ceinture verte européenne.