This document discusses trees with edible parts found in forests and rubber agroforests in Jambi, Indonesia. It finds that forest areas have higher tree species diversity and density than rubber agroforests. A total of 13 tree species with edible fruits, nuts, or other parts were identified across forest and agroforest sites. Rubber agroforests provide some food and mimic some aspects of forest, but have lower species diversity dominated by rubber trees. Maintaining diverse food-producing trees remains a challenge for agroforestry systems to support food security.

1. Trees with edible parts in forest and
agroforests in Jambi landscape
Hesti L. Tata, Subekti Rahayu, Harti Ningsih
World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF‐SEA)
World Agroforestry Centre 1

2. Presentation Outline:
• Population vs rice production
• Rubber agroforests (RAF)
• Brief description of research sites
• Tree diversity of forest and RAF
• Trees with edible parts
• Similarity between forest and RAF
• Challenges of agroforestry systems
World Agroforestry Centre 2

3. Population vs Rice
Production
Source: Statistics Indonesia, 2012
‐ Indonesia is the largest rice
consumer. Rice consumption is
140kg of rice per person per year.
‐‐ MDG1: eradicate poverty and
hunger.
‐‐ Challenges for agroforestry
systems to provide food in mix‐
Source: Statistics Indonesia, 2012
planting between trees and crops.
World Agroforestry Centre 3

4. Complex RAF
Rubber monoculture
Simple RAF
World Agroforestry Centre 4

5. Site characteristics
World Agroforestry Centre 5

6. Landcover change in Bungo district in 1973-2008
2008
Source: Landscape Mosaic Bungo Team (2008)
Drivers for deforestation at landscape level:
(i) Land conversion (to oilpalm plantation, industrial forest plantation (HTI),
rubber monoculture, transmigration area, shifting cultivation (land grabbing)),
(ii) Logging activities (stopped in 2000)
(iii) Mining (coal)

7. RAF30F RAF60F
Forest SF25F
World Agroforestry Centre 7

8. Species Density and Richness
• Species richness and density of sapling were higher in RAF‐60, while for pole was
higher in shrub‐30 and for tree was higher in forest.
• RAF‐13 and RAF‐30 had higher density but also had lower species richness than
other landcover types.
• Low species richness was influenced by the high dominance of rubber in every
rubber agroforest site.
Source: Harti Ningsih, 2008

9. Trees with edible parts in research sites, Bungo
Family Species name Uses Found in
Apocynaceae Dyera costulata latex for chewing gum RAF
Bombacaceae Durio zibethinus fruit RAF
Burseraceae Canarium littorale nuts RAF
Burseraceae Dacryodes rostrata fruit Forest and RAF
Clusiaceae Calophyllum venulosum fruits Forest
Euphorbiaceae Aporusa octandra fruits Shurbs
Euphorbiaceae Hevea brassiliensis young fruit RAF
Fabaceae Parkia speciosa nuts Forest and RAF
Moraceae Artocarpus nitidus fruits Shurbs
Sapindaceae Nephelium ramboutan-ake fruits RAF
Sapindaceae Pometia pinnata fruits RAF
Sterculiaceae Sterculia foetida nuts for spice Shurbs
Note: medicinal trees are not included)
World Agroforestry Centre 9

10. Beneficial trees in RAF and Forest
Class of Species Product Planted? Where? Harvest time
species
Introduce Rubber (Hevea brasiliensis) Latex Yes Agroforest/ Daily
d species Monoculture
Oilpalm (Elaeis guineensis) Fruit Yes Monoculture Biweekly
Local Durian (Durio zibethinus) Fruit/Tim Yes/no Agroforest Annual/ per 2-3
species ber year
(10 most Petai (Parkia speciosa) Fruit Yes/no Agroforest Annual
important)
Duku (Lansium domesticum) Fruit Yes Agroforest Annual/ per 2-3
year
Stinky bean Fruit No Agroforest Per 6 month
(Archidendron jiringa)
Kabau Fruit Yes/no Agroforest Per 6 month
(Archidendron bubalinum)
Local longan Fruit Yes/no Agroforest Annual/ per 2-3
(Dimocarpus longan) year
Mangostan Fruit Yes Agroforest Annual/ per 2-3
(Garcinia mangostan) year
Cempedak (Artocarpus Fruit Yes/no Agroforest Annually
integer)
Manau (Calamus sp) Rattan No Forest Annually
Meranti (Shorea spp) Timber No Forest/Agfrst If necessary
World Agroforestry Centre 10
(Source: Lehebel‐Peron, 2008)

11. Similarity Index between Forest and RAF in various
location in Jambi
Stratum (locations) Jaccard Index Sources
Saplings (Bungo and Tebo) 0.44 Rasnovi, 2006
Poles and Trees (Bungo) 0.14 Tata et al., 2008
Trees (Bungo) 0.18 (this study)
It is shown that in lower stratum, species level grow in
RAF is more similar to forest .
World Agroforestry Centre 11

12. Challenges of agroforestry system for food
security
• Tree based agroforestry, such as rubber agroforest,
provides foods, mainly fruits, nuts and spices.
• Trees providing carbohydrate and protein (such as bread
fruit, jack fruit, candle nuts, etc.) can be enriched with
enrichment planting.
• Taungya system provides annual crops, such as upland,
vegetables, spices, etc.
• Promoting new variety of crops with light intolerant,
such as paddy and soybean, that can be grown under
canopy.
World Agroforestry Centre 12

13. Thank you
World Agroforestry Centre 13