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Pharmaceuticals and life sciences sector analysis 
of PwC’s 2014 Global Economic Crime Survey 
Pharmaceuticals and life 
sciences’ fight against 
bribery and corruption 
www.pwc.com/crimesurvey 
60% The majority of 
pharmaceuticals and life 
sciences executives see 
bribery and corruption as 
one of the highest risks 
of operating globally. 
40% Two-fi fths of 
pharmaceuticals and 
life sciences executives 
say damage to corporate 
reputation is the most 
severe impact of bribery 
or corruption. 
60% Three-fi fths of the 
sector’s most severe 
economic crimes were 
detected by corporate 
controls.
Contents 
Key highlights 1 
Economic crime in 2014 3 
A ‘safe’ sector? 3 
Bribery and corruption is the sector’s biggest threat 4 
Operating in markets with high levels of corruption risk 7 
Keeping an eye on intellectual property 8 
Underestimating cyberthreats? 9 
Controls top the list of fraud detection measures 10 
Culture should be a priority from day one 11 
Visibly cracking down on perpetrators could send a stronger message 12 
Contacts 13 
About the survey 
We define economic crime as the intentional use of deceit 
to deprive another of money, property or a legal right. 
The 2014 Global Economic Crime Survey was completed by 5,128 
respondents (compared to 3,877 respondents in 2011) from 99 countries 
(compared to 78 countries in 2011). Of the total number of respondents, 
50% were senior executives of their respective organisations, 35% 
represented listed companies and 54% represented organisations with 
more than 1,000 employees. This report looks at responses from 259 
pharmaceuticals and life sciences companies. For more information 
about our methodology and definitions of terminology used, please see 
our 2013 Global Economic Crime Survey report: ‘Economic crime: A 
threat to business globally’.
Key highlights 
Pharmaceuticals and life sciences sector 
survey responses 
No sector is truly safe… 
The pharmaceuticals and life sciences 
(PLS) sector reported one of the lowest 
overall incidences of economic crime of 
any sector. So can executives sit back? 
In our view, the answer is an emphatic 
no. More than one in four respondents 
still say their companies have 
experienced some form of fraud. And 
the rate of fraud is slightly up from 
2011, too. 
Bribery and corruption are a 
major threat… It’s the second most 
commonly reported type of economic 
crime for PLS companies. Sector 
respondents are most concerned about 
the damage it can do to their corporate 
reputations. 
Operating in markets with high 
levels of corruption risk… 
Expanding globally brings 
opportunities, but operating in high 
corruption risk markets can bring 
additional challenges too. PLS 
companies should increase their efforts 
to cope with corruption risks – and be 
willing to walk away if all else fails. 
Cybercrime may be 
underestimated… PLS respondents 
report a lower incidence of cybercrime 
than most other sectors. But awareness 
is increasing. In our 17th Annual 
Global CEO Survey, 43% of 
pharmaceuticals and life sciences 
respondents said they’re concerned 
that cyber threats including data 
security could threaten growth. Now is 
the time to go from paying attention to 
taking action. 
And the crown jewels could 
come under threat too … 
Intellectual property (IP) is the sector’s 
most important asset. The rate of IP 
infringement is currently low, but 
many PLS executives are concerned 
about safeguarding intellectual 
property. 
Controls are effective… Corporate 
controls are detecting a significant 
number of serious economic crimes in 
the PLS sector, and the internal audit 
function is especially effective. 
Yet fraud risk assessment is still 
rare… The sector is lagging when it 
comes to implementing annual fraud 
risk assessments. In our view these can 
be a valuable addition to your economic 
crime fighting toolkit and a useful 
means of focusing your efforts and 
your expenditures. 
PLS faces a threat from within… 
Compared to the overall sample, a 
greater percentage of serious economic 
crimes are being committed by insiders 
at PLS companies. 
So culture may need a second 
look. The large number of internal 
perpetrators suggests the industry may 
have more work to do when it comes to 
culture. PLS respondents are less likely 
to say their companies are contacting 
law enforcement, and fewer are taking 
several other types of action against 
internal or external actors. Many PLS 
companies may need to take another 
look at their responses to economic 
crime once it occurs. 
PwC | Global Economic Crime Survey 2014 | 1
Figure 1: Economic crime percentage reported by industry 
Banking, Capital Markets and 
Investment Management 
Communication 
Financial Services 
Hospitality and Leisure 
Manufacturing 
Insurance 
Transportation/Logistics 
Engineering/Construction 
Energy, Utilities, & Mining 
Aerospace & Defense 
Pharma & Life Sciences 
Professional Services 
45% 
27% 
% of all respondents who experiences economic crime over the survey period 
2 | Global Economic Crime Survey 2014 | PwC 
Retail & Consumer 
Government/State 
Other 
Entertainment & Media 
Automotive 
Chemicals 
Technology 
50% 
40% 
Global—37% 
35% 
30% 
25% 
20% 
49% 
31% 
28% 
27% 
20% 
49% 
48% 
45% 
41% 41% 
36% 
35% 
34% 34% 
33% 
31% 
28% 
27%
A ‘safe’ sector? 
Pharmaceuticals and life sciences (PLS) is one of the industries reporting the lowest 
incidence of economic crime this year (see Figure 1). Still, more than one in four 
respondents say their companies have experienced some form of fraud. And the rate of 
fraud is slightly up from 2011 too. So while the risk may be lower than in some sectors, 
PLS is far from ‘safe’ from economic crime. 
Asset misappropriation is the most reported type of economic crime, at 60% (see Figure 2). 
That’s less than across the overall sample, but it’s still enough to be a major issue. For the 
PLS sector, a particularly damaging type of asset misappropriation is the ‘gray market’ in 
medicines and the sale of counterfeit medicines. These can impact not just legitimate 
sales revenues; if such products aren’t safe, they can also have a big impact on the brand. 
With many of its products literally making a life or death difference for patients, the 
sector needs to take a strong stand to fight such activities. 
Bribery, corruption and procurement fraud are also common. And while other types of 
frauds are less prevalent, PLS companies can’t afford to ignore them. Cyber-crime in 
particular stands out as an area where the low incidence may be hiding a bigger problem. 
PwC | Global Economic Crime Survey 2014 | 3 
Economic crime in 2014 
Figure 2: Top types of economic crime experienced by the PLS sector during 
the survey period 
Asset misappropriation 
Bribery and corruption 
Procurement fraud 
Accounting fraud 
Cybercrime 
Competition Law/Anti-trust Law 
Human Resources fraud 
IP Infringement 
60 
31 
27 
21 
10 
10 
9 
7 
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 
% of 70 pharmaceuticals and life sciences respondents who reported economic crime in the past 
24 months
Bribery and corruption is the sector’s 
biggest threat 
Bribery and corruption comes in number two in reported incidence. Of PLS 
executives whose companies experienced economic crime, 31% say it included 
bribery and corruption, slightly more than across the sample overall. With high-profile 
stories making the news, it’s currently top of mind. In recent years the sector 
has faced criticism and concern over how it interacts with health care professionals. 
New regulations now require greater transparency from the industry (see 
Developing a smarter approach to increasing transparency requirements). 
And over the past several years, there have been a number of high profile cases 
where PLS companies have been accused of essentially paying doctors to prescribe 
their medications, or of inappropriately promoting their products for conditions that 
haven’t received regulatory approval. Some of these have resulted in massive fines; 
the US government reported in February 2014 that the industry paid out $3.75 
billion in fraud penalties in 2013.1 
Developing a smarter approach to increasing transparency 
requirements 
Transfers of value between pharmaceutical and life sciences companies and the 
healthcare professionals and organisations with which they do business are now 
subject to a myriad of local, regional, and global regulations as well as self-imposed 
industry codes. In 2013 alone, the United States and France implemented 
transparency and disclosure requirements, and the European Federation of 
Pharmaceutical Industries and Associations (EFPIA) – encompassing 33 European 
countries– adopted a code of conduct requiring transparent interactions among 
member organisations. Key Asia Pacific countries like Japan and Australia have also 
enacted transparency requirements. To date, transparency and disclosure 
requirements have generally been country-specific. However, the industry has begun 
to develop initiatives to harmonise transparency and disclosure requirements across 
geographic borders. 
The transparency movement is not a fad; it is gaining steam, and as companies are 
held to new regulations and standards each year, they should begin to manage their 
transparency requirements on a global scale. Many of the regulations and 
requirements imposed on pharmaceutical and life sciences companies have 
commonalities that create opportunities for businesses to incorporate process 
efficiencies and economies of scale when developing their transparency strategies. 
We’ve outlined 5 key steps to developing an optimal global transparency programme 
(See table Your path to an optimal global transparency programme). For more detailed 
discussion, please see our report, EFPIA and Global Transparency Requirements: 
Implementing an aggregate spend program in a global marketplace. 
1 The Department of Health and Human Services and The Department of Justice, ‘Health Care Fraud and Abuse Control Program – Annual Report for 
Fiscal Year 2013’, (February 2014), http://oig.hhs.gov/publications/docs/hcfac/FY2013-hcfac.pdf 
4 | Global Economic Crime Survey 2014 | PwC
Figure 1: Your path to an optimal global transparency program 
Figure 1: Your path to an optimal global transparency program 
1 Identify sources that will shape your global transparency programme 
1 Identify sources that will shape your global transparency programme 
External inputs Internal sources 
External inputs Internal sources 
PwC | Global Economic Crime Survey 2014 | 5 
Your path to an optimal global transparency programme 
Define your transparency vision and goals 
Define your transparency vision and goals 
Define your optimal framework 
Define your optimal framework 
Evaluate your assets 
Evaluate your assets 
Define the operational model that best fits your organisation 
Define the operational model that best fits your organisation 
2 PwC 
• Master data management 
• IT systems and infrastructure 
• Maturity of your company's transparency programme 
• Company structure 
• EFPIA 
• US Sunshine/State Laws 
• Industry codes and guidelines 
• Local country laws 
• What does global transparency mean to our company? 
• Do we simply want to meet requirements, or build an operational model that expands beyond our transparency e„orts? 
• Do we want to be in the “transparency” business? 
• Can we leverage local country models and lessons learned? 
• What operational model (local, regional, national) should we implement? 
• What resources (people, technology, investment/budget) will we need? 
• How will we manage our data? 
• What is our current operational maturity in this area? 
• How sustainable/flexible are our options? 
• What are our growth/expansion plans? 
• What global resourcing assets do we have that 
we may leverage? 
2 
3 
4 
5 
Next 
steps 
• What IT resources do we have/will we need? 
• How will we develop/maintain/use master data? 
• Do we want to simply meet requirements or build further data 
analytics and insights? 
• Build your global transparency programme 
• Define your approach including milestones, timeline, resources, etc. 
• Implement your optimal approach/operational model 
• Periodically assess your program to evaluate the need for possible 
improvements or efficiencies 
2 PwC 
• Master data management 
• IT systems and infrastructure 
• Maturity of your company's transparency programme 
• Company structure 
• EFPIA 
• US Sunshine/State Laws 
• Industry codes and guidelines 
• Local country laws 
• What does global transparency mean to our company? 
• Do we simply want to meet requirements, or build an operational model that expands beyond our transparency e„orts? 
• Do we want to be in the “transparency” business? 
• Can we leverage local country models and lessons learned? 
• What operational model (local, regional, national) should we implement? 
• What resources (people, technology, investment/budget) will we need? 
• How will we manage our data? 
• What is our current operational maturity in this area? 
• How sustainable/flexible are our options? 
• What are our growth/expansion plans? 
• What global resourcing assets do we have that 
we may leverage? 
2 
3 
4 
5 
Next 
steps 
• What IT resources do we have/will we need? 
• How will we develop/maintain/use master data? 
• Do we want to simply meet requirements or build further data 
analytics and insights? 
• Build your global transparency programme 
• Define your approach including milestones, timeline, resources, etc. 
• Implement your optimal approach/operational model 
• Periodically assess your program to evaluate the need for possible 
improvements or efficiencies
So does that mean financial losses are the most severe impact of bribery and 
corruption? For one in five the answer is yes, but twice as many – 40% – of sector 
respondents say damage to corporate reputation is actually the greater impact (see 
Figure 3). That echoes the results of our 17th Annual Global CEO Survey where 
more than half of PLS CEOs told us they worry that lack of trust in business could 
threaten growth. And one third of PLS CEOs believe that government and 
regulator’s trust in the industry has deteriorated over the past five years. 
Figure 3: Most severe impact of corruption and bribery 
40 
20 
12 
7 
Pharmaceuticals and 
life sciences 
36 
28 
8 
5 
Total 
80% 
70% 
60% 
50% 
40% 
30% 
20% 
10% 
0% 
The sector is aware of the risks, particularly as they relate to operating abroad; 60% 
of PLS executives see bribery and corruption as one of the highest risks of operating 
globally, compared to 53% across the sample. One in five acknowledge that they’ve 
been asked to pay a bribe. And some executives worry that acting ethically is 
costing their business; 26% say they’ve lost an opportunity to a competitor who they 
suspect paid a bribe. 
6 | Global Economic Crime Survey 2014 | PwC 
Corporate reputation 
Financial loss 
Distraction caused 
by legal/regulatory 
enforcement action 
Loss of human 
capital (recruiting, 
morale, turnover)
Operating in markets with high levels of 
corruption risk 
Around half of PLS companies have operations in markets with high levels of corruption 
risk. That’s not surprising. Many are important to PLS companies’ growth plans, as 
shown by the 42% of PLS respondents who say they’ve pursued an opportunity in one of 
these markets in the past 24 months. But the challenges are changing how they operate; 
43% of sector respondents pursuing growth opportunities in regions with high levels of 
corruption risk say they’ve needed to adapt their business strategies. 
Just what are they doing? And is it working? There’s no one answer. As is true across the 
sample, additional due diligence is the most popular choice (see Figure 4). Compared to 
respondents overall, more PLS executives say they’ll add contractual terms (51%) or will 
provide additional training to staff (43%). Will this be enough? Not always. Nearly a 
third of respondents – 30% – say they walked away from an opportunity in response to 
corruption risk. 
Corruption and bribery isn’t the only type of economic crime that can pose challenges. 
In recent years India has seen allegations of manufacturing processes failing to meet 
safety standards. And the prevalence of sub-standard or counterfeit drugs in Africa is 
undoubtedly high (see Fighting TB could get harder) 
PwC | Global Economic Crime Survey 2014 | 7 
Fighting TB could get harder 
In 2013, a study showed that 1 in 10 
of the antibiotics used to treat 
tuberculosis – and 1 in 6 used in 
Africa – was sub-standard. Some 
were shoddily made, or damaged in 
transit, while others were simply 
counterfeits. That poses a clear risk 
to individual patients, who may die 
due to receiving inadequate 
medicines. And there’s a menace to 
public health lurking too. Pills that 
contain too little of the active 
ingredient to fight tuberculosis are 
contributing to the development of 
new, drug-resistant strains. That’s 
creating a public health problem that 
impacts countries around the globe, 
not just emerging markets. 
Source: R. Bate, P. Jensen, K. Hess, L. 
Mooney,§ J. Milligan, ‘Substandard and falsified 
anti-tuberculosis drugs: a preliminary field 
analysis’, (21 August 2014), http://www.aei.org 
files/2013/02/05/-substandard-and-falsified-antituberculosis- 
drugs-a-preliminary-field-analysis_ 
142125219328.pdf 
Figure 4: Changes to business strategy in response to high corruption risks 
How did you alter your business plan or strategy? 
Pharmaceuticals 
and life sciences 
Total 
51 
41 
43 
36 
21 
17 
1177 
17 
17 
11 
9 
5 
2 
3 
17 
30 
34 16 
74 
72 
Perform 
additional 
due 
diligence 
Add 
contractual 
terms 
Provide 
additional 
training 
Walk away 
from the 
opportunity 
Seek an 
opinion 
from the 
Regulator 
Change 
the 
valuation 
Force 
adoption of 
accounting 
system 
Carve out 
certain 
assets 
Don’t 
know 
Other 
% of 47 pharmaceuticals and life sciences and 757 total respondents who report their company has altered business plans or 
strategies in pursuit of an opportunity in a market with a high level of corruption risk
Keeping an eye on intellectual property 
Loss of IP is another major worry, and it’s more pronounced in emerging markets. 
While just 2% of all PLS respondents have experienced IP infringement over the last 
24 months, more than ten times as many (22%) believe it’s likely they will face an 
incident in the next 24 months. And in our 17th Annual Global CEO Survey, 64% of 
pharmaceuticals and life sciences CEOs said they are concerned that an inability to 
protect IP could threaten growth. 
Here, too, emerging markets are causing the most concern. India’s decision to grant 
a compulsory license – essentially a 97% price cut – to one cancer medication in 
2013 was met with strong protests by the company’s manufacturer, whose CEO 
argued that the country was setting a precedent that could deter innovation.2 And a 
decision in 2013 by the Indian Supreme Court not to grant patent protection to a 
leukemia drug has led to strong protests by the US Chamber of Commerce.3 The 
issue is a major concern in other emerging PLS markets too, like South Africa and 
Brazil. 
64% 
of pharmaceuticals and 
life sciences CEOs said 
they are concerned that 
an inability to protect IP 
could threaten growth. 
2 Ranjitha Balasubramanyam, ‘Battle over patents: Is India changing the rules of the game?, Intellectual Property Watch (18 February 2014), 
http://www.ip-watch.org/2014/02/18/battles-over-patents-is-india-changing-the-rules-of-the-game/ 
3 Staff reporter, ‘India patent regime not about access to medicine: US body’, The Hindu (11 February 2014), http://www.thehindu.com/business/Industry/ 
india-patent-regime-not-about-access-to-medicine-us-body/article5674425.ece 
8 | Global Economic Crime Survey 2014 | PwC
Underestimating cyberthreats? 
Only around 10% of PLS companies that have experienced fraud say the incidents 
included cybercrime; that’s well below the overall average of 24%. Our discussions 
with leaders in combatting cybercrime suggest that companies with valuable R&D 
can be targeted by cybercriminals and not be aware of it; as such, the PLS sector 
may be under-reporting this type of economic crime. 
There’s also other evidence to suggest that the industry is already a target for 
hackers. In Cisco’s March 2014 Threat Metrics, pharmaceutical and chemical firms 
were 11 times more likely to encounter Web malware than companies overall.4 
Executives are taking note; 46% of respondents say that the awareness of this type 
of economic crime in their organisation is increasing. And nearly one in five say it’s 
likely that their company will experience an incident of cybercrime in the coming 
24 months. Indeed, in our 17th Annual Global CEO Survey, 43% of PLS CEOs said 
they’re concerned that cyber threats including lack of data security could threaten 
growth, so the issue is starting to get the attention of the top executive 
management. 
What can you do? 
1. Educate employees at all levels (from top to junior management) about cyber 
threats – cybercrime is not just the domain of the IT/network security 
function. There are different types of cybercrime, from hacktivism to data 
theft, which affect different functions of the company in varying ways. 
2. Understand the potential culprits and their motivations to engage in a cyber 
PwC | Global Economic Crime Survey 2014 | 9 
attack on the organisation. 
3. Ensure that fundamental safeguards for effective cyber security are in place 
– including ongoing monitoring, up-to-date personal or sensitive data 
inventory, a back-up policy and business continuity plans. 
4. Remember that technology assets are rarely the weakest link in the chain 
– people; commonly your own employees, are often the ones who enable a 
cyber attack. 
4 ‘March 2014 Threat Metrics’, Cisco Blogs (10 April 2014), http://blogs.cisco.com/security/march- 
2014-threat-metrics/
Controls top the list of fraud detection 
measures 
When it comes to identifying fraud, the PLS sector’s investment in internal controls 
is paying off. Internal audit, suspicious transaction reporting and data analytics are 
the top ways that PLS companies identify serious economic crime (see Figure 5). The 
internal audit function is showing particular improvement. In 2011, it detected just 
8% of frauds. This year that number is up to 21%, a major jump. 
Fraud risk management systems were less successful, though. They detected just 1% 
of the sector’s most serious offences, down from 2011’s 3%, compared to 9% of 
crimes across the total sample. Why such a big difference? One reason may be quite 
simply that only a minority of PLS companies are performing fraud risk assessments 
at least annually. 
Figure 5: Economic crime detection methods in PLS organisations 
Suspicious transaction 
reporting 
Internal audit (routine) 
Fraud risk management 
Data analytics 
Corporate security 
(both IT and physical security) 
Rotation of personnel 
Tip-o (internal) 
Tip-o (external) 
Whistle-blowing system 
Don't know 
Other detection methods 
(please specify) 
By accident 
By law enforcement 
Investigative media 
2 
2 
0 
0 
4 
3 
5 
5 
5 
5 
7 
7 
7 
7 
7 
3 
5 
2 
2 
12 
11 
9 
11 
10 
16 
17 
21 
14 
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 
Total Pharmaceuticals and life sciences 
Corporate 
controls 
Corporate 
culture 
Beyond 
the 
influence of 
management 
% of 58 pharmaceutical and life sciences and 1538 total respondents who 
experienced economic crime over the survey period 
10 | Global Economic Crime Survey 2014 | PwC
About a third of PLS companies conduct fraud risk assessments each year; another 
11% conduct them more frequently (see Figure 6). But 26% of sector respondents say 
their companies don’t perform assessments at all, and 16% don’t know whether their 
companies do or not. For those which don’t perform fraud risk assessments, nearly 
half say they either aren’t sure what a fraud risk assessment is, or don’t know why 
their company has chosen not to perform one. Only 7% say cost is the primary issue. 
PLS executives may want to take another look. In our view performing a fraud risk 
assessment at least annually can be a valuable addition to your economic crime 
fighting toolkit. 
26% 
Don't know 
Don't know 
26% 
Culture should be a priority from day one 
The need to refocus efforts on corporate culture are underscored by our survey 
results. Nearly two thirds of PLS respondents (64%) say that the main perpetrator of 
the most serious economic crime against their organisation was an internal actor, 
compared to just 56% of executives overall. More of those internal actors were 
junior staff members (44% vs. 34% overall). Indeed, 20% of the internal 
perpetrators had been with the company for less than 2 years. 
While that’s good news on the one hand – crime by senior management has a more 
wide-reaching impact on the organisation – it’s also a sign that the industry needs to 
act now to make sure that its whole staff is on-board from Day 1 with efforts to 
promote an ethical culture. 
PwC | Global Economic Crime Survey 2014 | 11 
Figure 6: Only a minority of PLS respondents are conducting fraud 
assessments at least annually 
16% 
10% 
34% 
14% 
Not at all 
Once 
Annually 
Every six months 
or more often 
16% 
10% 
34% 
14% 
Not at all 
Once 
Annually 
Every six months 
or more often 
42% have not conducted a fraud risk 
assessment in the past 24 months, or 
don’t know if they have. 
In the last 24 months, how often has 
your organisation performed a fraud 
risk assessment?
Visibly cracking down on perpetrators 
could send a stronger message 
Once a perpetrator has been identified, what should companies do? To deter future 
crime, it’s important to take action. While around 80% of internal perpetrators in 
the PLS industry were dismissed, in line with the global average, only 36% had to 
answer to law enforcement, compared to nearly half of internal perpetrators overall 
(see Figure 7). Fewer PLS executives say their company took civil action or informed 
regulatory authorities too. 
The sector is also less likely to take these types of actions against external 
perpetrators. Fewer PLS executives say their companies notified law enforcement or 
took civil actions. And fewer ceased business relationships as well. 
In our view, many PLS companies may need to take another look at their responses 
to economic crime once it occurs. 
Figure 7: The PLS sector is taking less legal action against perpetrators of 
serious economic crimes 
7a: Internal perpetrators (not all choices listed) 
Dismissal 
Law enforcement informed 
Civil action was taken, 
including recoveries 
Warning/reprimand 
Notified relevant regulatory 
authorities 
79 
82 
49 
36 
44 
27 
17 
9 
7 
23 
0 20 40 60 80 100 
Total Pharmaceuticals and life sciences 
% of respondents who reported economic crime in the past 24 months 
7b: External perpetrators (not all choices listed) 
Law inforcement informed 
Notified relevant regulatory 
authorities 
Cessation of the business 
relationship 
Civil action was taken, 
including recoveries 
61 
52 
39 
39 
37 
26 
22 
42 
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 
Total Pharmaceuticals and life sciences 
% of respondents who reported economic crime in the past 24 months 
12 | Global Economic Crime Survey 2014 | PwC
Contacts 
For more information on the Global Economic Crime Survey and the survey methodology, please refer to Economic crime: 
A threat to business globally at www.pwc.com/crimesurvey. 
If you would like to find out more about the information contained within this report, or to discuss any issues around economic 
crime and how our team can help you, please get in touch with your local PwC contact or the sector report team: 
Editorial team 
Brian Riewerts 
Principal, Sector report lead partner, PwC USA 
T: +1 410 659 3390 
E: brian.riewerts@us.pwc.com 
Marina Bello Valcarce 
Sector report project manager, PwC United Kingdom 
T: +44 20 7212 8642 
E: marina.bello.valcarce@uk.pwc.com 
Forensic Service Leaders 
Andrew Gordon 
Partner, PwC United Kingdom, Global Leader 
T: +44 20 7804 4187 
E: andrew.gordon@us.pwc.com 
John Donker 
Partner, PwC Hong Kong, East Cluster Leader 
T: +1 852 2289 2411 
E: john.donker@hk.pwc.com 
Andrew Palmer 
Partner, PwC United Kingdom, Central Cluster Leader 
T: +44 20 7212 8656 
E: andrew.palmer@uk.pwc.com 
Erik Skramstad 
Partner, PwC USA, West Cluster Leader 
T: +1 617 530 6156 
M: erik.skramstad@us.pwc.com 
Pharmaceuticals and life sciences forensic specialists 
Patricia A. Etzold 
Partner, PwC USA 
T: +1 646 471 3691 
E: patricia.a.etzold@us.pwc.com 
Ryan D. Murphy 
Partner, PwC USA 
T: +1 312 298 3109 
E: ryan.d.murphy@us.pwc.com 
Editorial team acknowledgements 
In preparing this report, assistance was gratefully received from PwC teams in the US and UK. We’d also like to thank Elizabeth 
Montgomery (Pwc Germany) for writing and editorial assistance. 
PwC | Global Economic Crime Survey 2014 | 13
www.pwc.com/crimesurvey 
PwC helps organisations and individuals create the value they’re looking for. We’re a network of firms in 157 countries with more than 184,000 people who are 
committed to delivering quality in assurance, tax and advisory services. Tell us what matters to you and find out more by visiting us at www.pwc.com 
This content is for general information purposes only, and should not be used as a substitute for consultation with professional advisors. 
© 2014 PwC. All rights reserved. PwC refers to the PwC network and/or one or more of its member firms, each of which is a separate legal entity. Please see 
www.pwc.com/structure for further details. 
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Etude PwC "Crime Survey 2014" sur la fraude dans le secteur pharmaceutique (oct. 2014)

  • 1. Pharmaceuticals and life sciences sector analysis of PwC’s 2014 Global Economic Crime Survey Pharmaceuticals and life sciences’ fight against bribery and corruption www.pwc.com/crimesurvey 60% The majority of pharmaceuticals and life sciences executives see bribery and corruption as one of the highest risks of operating globally. 40% Two-fi fths of pharmaceuticals and life sciences executives say damage to corporate reputation is the most severe impact of bribery or corruption. 60% Three-fi fths of the sector’s most severe economic crimes were detected by corporate controls.
  • 2. Contents Key highlights 1 Economic crime in 2014 3 A ‘safe’ sector? 3 Bribery and corruption is the sector’s biggest threat 4 Operating in markets with high levels of corruption risk 7 Keeping an eye on intellectual property 8 Underestimating cyberthreats? 9 Controls top the list of fraud detection measures 10 Culture should be a priority from day one 11 Visibly cracking down on perpetrators could send a stronger message 12 Contacts 13 About the survey We define economic crime as the intentional use of deceit to deprive another of money, property or a legal right. The 2014 Global Economic Crime Survey was completed by 5,128 respondents (compared to 3,877 respondents in 2011) from 99 countries (compared to 78 countries in 2011). Of the total number of respondents, 50% were senior executives of their respective organisations, 35% represented listed companies and 54% represented organisations with more than 1,000 employees. This report looks at responses from 259 pharmaceuticals and life sciences companies. For more information about our methodology and definitions of terminology used, please see our 2013 Global Economic Crime Survey report: ‘Economic crime: A threat to business globally’.
  • 3. Key highlights Pharmaceuticals and life sciences sector survey responses No sector is truly safe… The pharmaceuticals and life sciences (PLS) sector reported one of the lowest overall incidences of economic crime of any sector. So can executives sit back? In our view, the answer is an emphatic no. More than one in four respondents still say their companies have experienced some form of fraud. And the rate of fraud is slightly up from 2011, too. Bribery and corruption are a major threat… It’s the second most commonly reported type of economic crime for PLS companies. Sector respondents are most concerned about the damage it can do to their corporate reputations. Operating in markets with high levels of corruption risk… Expanding globally brings opportunities, but operating in high corruption risk markets can bring additional challenges too. PLS companies should increase their efforts to cope with corruption risks – and be willing to walk away if all else fails. Cybercrime may be underestimated… PLS respondents report a lower incidence of cybercrime than most other sectors. But awareness is increasing. In our 17th Annual Global CEO Survey, 43% of pharmaceuticals and life sciences respondents said they’re concerned that cyber threats including data security could threaten growth. Now is the time to go from paying attention to taking action. And the crown jewels could come under threat too … Intellectual property (IP) is the sector’s most important asset. The rate of IP infringement is currently low, but many PLS executives are concerned about safeguarding intellectual property. Controls are effective… Corporate controls are detecting a significant number of serious economic crimes in the PLS sector, and the internal audit function is especially effective. Yet fraud risk assessment is still rare… The sector is lagging when it comes to implementing annual fraud risk assessments. In our view these can be a valuable addition to your economic crime fighting toolkit and a useful means of focusing your efforts and your expenditures. PLS faces a threat from within… Compared to the overall sample, a greater percentage of serious economic crimes are being committed by insiders at PLS companies. So culture may need a second look. The large number of internal perpetrators suggests the industry may have more work to do when it comes to culture. PLS respondents are less likely to say their companies are contacting law enforcement, and fewer are taking several other types of action against internal or external actors. Many PLS companies may need to take another look at their responses to economic crime once it occurs. PwC | Global Economic Crime Survey 2014 | 1
  • 4. Figure 1: Economic crime percentage reported by industry Banking, Capital Markets and Investment Management Communication Financial Services Hospitality and Leisure Manufacturing Insurance Transportation/Logistics Engineering/Construction Energy, Utilities, & Mining Aerospace & Defense Pharma & Life Sciences Professional Services 45% 27% % of all respondents who experiences economic crime over the survey period 2 | Global Economic Crime Survey 2014 | PwC Retail & Consumer Government/State Other Entertainment & Media Automotive Chemicals Technology 50% 40% Global—37% 35% 30% 25% 20% 49% 31% 28% 27% 20% 49% 48% 45% 41% 41% 36% 35% 34% 34% 33% 31% 28% 27%
  • 5. A ‘safe’ sector? Pharmaceuticals and life sciences (PLS) is one of the industries reporting the lowest incidence of economic crime this year (see Figure 1). Still, more than one in four respondents say their companies have experienced some form of fraud. And the rate of fraud is slightly up from 2011 too. So while the risk may be lower than in some sectors, PLS is far from ‘safe’ from economic crime. Asset misappropriation is the most reported type of economic crime, at 60% (see Figure 2). That’s less than across the overall sample, but it’s still enough to be a major issue. For the PLS sector, a particularly damaging type of asset misappropriation is the ‘gray market’ in medicines and the sale of counterfeit medicines. These can impact not just legitimate sales revenues; if such products aren’t safe, they can also have a big impact on the brand. With many of its products literally making a life or death difference for patients, the sector needs to take a strong stand to fight such activities. Bribery, corruption and procurement fraud are also common. And while other types of frauds are less prevalent, PLS companies can’t afford to ignore them. Cyber-crime in particular stands out as an area where the low incidence may be hiding a bigger problem. PwC | Global Economic Crime Survey 2014 | 3 Economic crime in 2014 Figure 2: Top types of economic crime experienced by the PLS sector during the survey period Asset misappropriation Bribery and corruption Procurement fraud Accounting fraud Cybercrime Competition Law/Anti-trust Law Human Resources fraud IP Infringement 60 31 27 21 10 10 9 7 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 % of 70 pharmaceuticals and life sciences respondents who reported economic crime in the past 24 months
  • 6. Bribery and corruption is the sector’s biggest threat Bribery and corruption comes in number two in reported incidence. Of PLS executives whose companies experienced economic crime, 31% say it included bribery and corruption, slightly more than across the sample overall. With high-profile stories making the news, it’s currently top of mind. In recent years the sector has faced criticism and concern over how it interacts with health care professionals. New regulations now require greater transparency from the industry (see Developing a smarter approach to increasing transparency requirements). And over the past several years, there have been a number of high profile cases where PLS companies have been accused of essentially paying doctors to prescribe their medications, or of inappropriately promoting their products for conditions that haven’t received regulatory approval. Some of these have resulted in massive fines; the US government reported in February 2014 that the industry paid out $3.75 billion in fraud penalties in 2013.1 Developing a smarter approach to increasing transparency requirements Transfers of value between pharmaceutical and life sciences companies and the healthcare professionals and organisations with which they do business are now subject to a myriad of local, regional, and global regulations as well as self-imposed industry codes. In 2013 alone, the United States and France implemented transparency and disclosure requirements, and the European Federation of Pharmaceutical Industries and Associations (EFPIA) – encompassing 33 European countries– adopted a code of conduct requiring transparent interactions among member organisations. Key Asia Pacific countries like Japan and Australia have also enacted transparency requirements. To date, transparency and disclosure requirements have generally been country-specific. However, the industry has begun to develop initiatives to harmonise transparency and disclosure requirements across geographic borders. The transparency movement is not a fad; it is gaining steam, and as companies are held to new regulations and standards each year, they should begin to manage their transparency requirements on a global scale. Many of the regulations and requirements imposed on pharmaceutical and life sciences companies have commonalities that create opportunities for businesses to incorporate process efficiencies and economies of scale when developing their transparency strategies. We’ve outlined 5 key steps to developing an optimal global transparency programme (See table Your path to an optimal global transparency programme). For more detailed discussion, please see our report, EFPIA and Global Transparency Requirements: Implementing an aggregate spend program in a global marketplace. 1 The Department of Health and Human Services and The Department of Justice, ‘Health Care Fraud and Abuse Control Program – Annual Report for Fiscal Year 2013’, (February 2014), http://oig.hhs.gov/publications/docs/hcfac/FY2013-hcfac.pdf 4 | Global Economic Crime Survey 2014 | PwC
  • 7. Figure 1: Your path to an optimal global transparency program Figure 1: Your path to an optimal global transparency program 1 Identify sources that will shape your global transparency programme 1 Identify sources that will shape your global transparency programme External inputs Internal sources External inputs Internal sources PwC | Global Economic Crime Survey 2014 | 5 Your path to an optimal global transparency programme Define your transparency vision and goals Define your transparency vision and goals Define your optimal framework Define your optimal framework Evaluate your assets Evaluate your assets Define the operational model that best fits your organisation Define the operational model that best fits your organisation 2 PwC • Master data management • IT systems and infrastructure • Maturity of your company's transparency programme • Company structure • EFPIA • US Sunshine/State Laws • Industry codes and guidelines • Local country laws • What does global transparency mean to our company? • Do we simply want to meet requirements, or build an operational model that expands beyond our transparency e„orts? • Do we want to be in the “transparency” business? • Can we leverage local country models and lessons learned? • What operational model (local, regional, national) should we implement? • What resources (people, technology, investment/budget) will we need? • How will we manage our data? • What is our current operational maturity in this area? • How sustainable/flexible are our options? • What are our growth/expansion plans? • What global resourcing assets do we have that we may leverage? 2 3 4 5 Next steps • What IT resources do we have/will we need? • How will we develop/maintain/use master data? • Do we want to simply meet requirements or build further data analytics and insights? • Build your global transparency programme • Define your approach including milestones, timeline, resources, etc. • Implement your optimal approach/operational model • Periodically assess your program to evaluate the need for possible improvements or efficiencies 2 PwC • Master data management • IT systems and infrastructure • Maturity of your company's transparency programme • Company structure • EFPIA • US Sunshine/State Laws • Industry codes and guidelines • Local country laws • What does global transparency mean to our company? • Do we simply want to meet requirements, or build an operational model that expands beyond our transparency e„orts? • Do we want to be in the “transparency” business? • Can we leverage local country models and lessons learned? • What operational model (local, regional, national) should we implement? • What resources (people, technology, investment/budget) will we need? • How will we manage our data? • What is our current operational maturity in this area? • How sustainable/flexible are our options? • What are our growth/expansion plans? • What global resourcing assets do we have that we may leverage? 2 3 4 5 Next steps • What IT resources do we have/will we need? • How will we develop/maintain/use master data? • Do we want to simply meet requirements or build further data analytics and insights? • Build your global transparency programme • Define your approach including milestones, timeline, resources, etc. • Implement your optimal approach/operational model • Periodically assess your program to evaluate the need for possible improvements or efficiencies
  • 8. So does that mean financial losses are the most severe impact of bribery and corruption? For one in five the answer is yes, but twice as many – 40% – of sector respondents say damage to corporate reputation is actually the greater impact (see Figure 3). That echoes the results of our 17th Annual Global CEO Survey where more than half of PLS CEOs told us they worry that lack of trust in business could threaten growth. And one third of PLS CEOs believe that government and regulator’s trust in the industry has deteriorated over the past five years. Figure 3: Most severe impact of corruption and bribery 40 20 12 7 Pharmaceuticals and life sciences 36 28 8 5 Total 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% The sector is aware of the risks, particularly as they relate to operating abroad; 60% of PLS executives see bribery and corruption as one of the highest risks of operating globally, compared to 53% across the sample. One in five acknowledge that they’ve been asked to pay a bribe. And some executives worry that acting ethically is costing their business; 26% say they’ve lost an opportunity to a competitor who they suspect paid a bribe. 6 | Global Economic Crime Survey 2014 | PwC Corporate reputation Financial loss Distraction caused by legal/regulatory enforcement action Loss of human capital (recruiting, morale, turnover)
  • 9. Operating in markets with high levels of corruption risk Around half of PLS companies have operations in markets with high levels of corruption risk. That’s not surprising. Many are important to PLS companies’ growth plans, as shown by the 42% of PLS respondents who say they’ve pursued an opportunity in one of these markets in the past 24 months. But the challenges are changing how they operate; 43% of sector respondents pursuing growth opportunities in regions with high levels of corruption risk say they’ve needed to adapt their business strategies. Just what are they doing? And is it working? There’s no one answer. As is true across the sample, additional due diligence is the most popular choice (see Figure 4). Compared to respondents overall, more PLS executives say they’ll add contractual terms (51%) or will provide additional training to staff (43%). Will this be enough? Not always. Nearly a third of respondents – 30% – say they walked away from an opportunity in response to corruption risk. Corruption and bribery isn’t the only type of economic crime that can pose challenges. In recent years India has seen allegations of manufacturing processes failing to meet safety standards. And the prevalence of sub-standard or counterfeit drugs in Africa is undoubtedly high (see Fighting TB could get harder) PwC | Global Economic Crime Survey 2014 | 7 Fighting TB could get harder In 2013, a study showed that 1 in 10 of the antibiotics used to treat tuberculosis – and 1 in 6 used in Africa – was sub-standard. Some were shoddily made, or damaged in transit, while others were simply counterfeits. That poses a clear risk to individual patients, who may die due to receiving inadequate medicines. And there’s a menace to public health lurking too. Pills that contain too little of the active ingredient to fight tuberculosis are contributing to the development of new, drug-resistant strains. That’s creating a public health problem that impacts countries around the globe, not just emerging markets. Source: R. Bate, P. Jensen, K. Hess, L. Mooney,§ J. Milligan, ‘Substandard and falsified anti-tuberculosis drugs: a preliminary field analysis’, (21 August 2014), http://www.aei.org files/2013/02/05/-substandard-and-falsified-antituberculosis- drugs-a-preliminary-field-analysis_ 142125219328.pdf Figure 4: Changes to business strategy in response to high corruption risks How did you alter your business plan or strategy? Pharmaceuticals and life sciences Total 51 41 43 36 21 17 1177 17 17 11 9 5 2 3 17 30 34 16 74 72 Perform additional due diligence Add contractual terms Provide additional training Walk away from the opportunity Seek an opinion from the Regulator Change the valuation Force adoption of accounting system Carve out certain assets Don’t know Other % of 47 pharmaceuticals and life sciences and 757 total respondents who report their company has altered business plans or strategies in pursuit of an opportunity in a market with a high level of corruption risk
  • 10. Keeping an eye on intellectual property Loss of IP is another major worry, and it’s more pronounced in emerging markets. While just 2% of all PLS respondents have experienced IP infringement over the last 24 months, more than ten times as many (22%) believe it’s likely they will face an incident in the next 24 months. And in our 17th Annual Global CEO Survey, 64% of pharmaceuticals and life sciences CEOs said they are concerned that an inability to protect IP could threaten growth. Here, too, emerging markets are causing the most concern. India’s decision to grant a compulsory license – essentially a 97% price cut – to one cancer medication in 2013 was met with strong protests by the company’s manufacturer, whose CEO argued that the country was setting a precedent that could deter innovation.2 And a decision in 2013 by the Indian Supreme Court not to grant patent protection to a leukemia drug has led to strong protests by the US Chamber of Commerce.3 The issue is a major concern in other emerging PLS markets too, like South Africa and Brazil. 64% of pharmaceuticals and life sciences CEOs said they are concerned that an inability to protect IP could threaten growth. 2 Ranjitha Balasubramanyam, ‘Battle over patents: Is India changing the rules of the game?, Intellectual Property Watch (18 February 2014), http://www.ip-watch.org/2014/02/18/battles-over-patents-is-india-changing-the-rules-of-the-game/ 3 Staff reporter, ‘India patent regime not about access to medicine: US body’, The Hindu (11 February 2014), http://www.thehindu.com/business/Industry/ india-patent-regime-not-about-access-to-medicine-us-body/article5674425.ece 8 | Global Economic Crime Survey 2014 | PwC
  • 11. Underestimating cyberthreats? Only around 10% of PLS companies that have experienced fraud say the incidents included cybercrime; that’s well below the overall average of 24%. Our discussions with leaders in combatting cybercrime suggest that companies with valuable R&D can be targeted by cybercriminals and not be aware of it; as such, the PLS sector may be under-reporting this type of economic crime. There’s also other evidence to suggest that the industry is already a target for hackers. In Cisco’s March 2014 Threat Metrics, pharmaceutical and chemical firms were 11 times more likely to encounter Web malware than companies overall.4 Executives are taking note; 46% of respondents say that the awareness of this type of economic crime in their organisation is increasing. And nearly one in five say it’s likely that their company will experience an incident of cybercrime in the coming 24 months. Indeed, in our 17th Annual Global CEO Survey, 43% of PLS CEOs said they’re concerned that cyber threats including lack of data security could threaten growth, so the issue is starting to get the attention of the top executive management. What can you do? 1. Educate employees at all levels (from top to junior management) about cyber threats – cybercrime is not just the domain of the IT/network security function. There are different types of cybercrime, from hacktivism to data theft, which affect different functions of the company in varying ways. 2. Understand the potential culprits and their motivations to engage in a cyber PwC | Global Economic Crime Survey 2014 | 9 attack on the organisation. 3. Ensure that fundamental safeguards for effective cyber security are in place – including ongoing monitoring, up-to-date personal or sensitive data inventory, a back-up policy and business continuity plans. 4. Remember that technology assets are rarely the weakest link in the chain – people; commonly your own employees, are often the ones who enable a cyber attack. 4 ‘March 2014 Threat Metrics’, Cisco Blogs (10 April 2014), http://blogs.cisco.com/security/march- 2014-threat-metrics/
  • 12. Controls top the list of fraud detection measures When it comes to identifying fraud, the PLS sector’s investment in internal controls is paying off. Internal audit, suspicious transaction reporting and data analytics are the top ways that PLS companies identify serious economic crime (see Figure 5). The internal audit function is showing particular improvement. In 2011, it detected just 8% of frauds. This year that number is up to 21%, a major jump. Fraud risk management systems were less successful, though. They detected just 1% of the sector’s most serious offences, down from 2011’s 3%, compared to 9% of crimes across the total sample. Why such a big difference? One reason may be quite simply that only a minority of PLS companies are performing fraud risk assessments at least annually. Figure 5: Economic crime detection methods in PLS organisations Suspicious transaction reporting Internal audit (routine) Fraud risk management Data analytics Corporate security (both IT and physical security) Rotation of personnel Tip-o (internal) Tip-o (external) Whistle-blowing system Don't know Other detection methods (please specify) By accident By law enforcement Investigative media 2 2 0 0 4 3 5 5 5 5 7 7 7 7 7 3 5 2 2 12 11 9 11 10 16 17 21 14 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 Total Pharmaceuticals and life sciences Corporate controls Corporate culture Beyond the influence of management % of 58 pharmaceutical and life sciences and 1538 total respondents who experienced economic crime over the survey period 10 | Global Economic Crime Survey 2014 | PwC
  • 13. About a third of PLS companies conduct fraud risk assessments each year; another 11% conduct them more frequently (see Figure 6). But 26% of sector respondents say their companies don’t perform assessments at all, and 16% don’t know whether their companies do or not. For those which don’t perform fraud risk assessments, nearly half say they either aren’t sure what a fraud risk assessment is, or don’t know why their company has chosen not to perform one. Only 7% say cost is the primary issue. PLS executives may want to take another look. In our view performing a fraud risk assessment at least annually can be a valuable addition to your economic crime fighting toolkit. 26% Don't know Don't know 26% Culture should be a priority from day one The need to refocus efforts on corporate culture are underscored by our survey results. Nearly two thirds of PLS respondents (64%) say that the main perpetrator of the most serious economic crime against their organisation was an internal actor, compared to just 56% of executives overall. More of those internal actors were junior staff members (44% vs. 34% overall). Indeed, 20% of the internal perpetrators had been with the company for less than 2 years. While that’s good news on the one hand – crime by senior management has a more wide-reaching impact on the organisation – it’s also a sign that the industry needs to act now to make sure that its whole staff is on-board from Day 1 with efforts to promote an ethical culture. PwC | Global Economic Crime Survey 2014 | 11 Figure 6: Only a minority of PLS respondents are conducting fraud assessments at least annually 16% 10% 34% 14% Not at all Once Annually Every six months or more often 16% 10% 34% 14% Not at all Once Annually Every six months or more often 42% have not conducted a fraud risk assessment in the past 24 months, or don’t know if they have. In the last 24 months, how often has your organisation performed a fraud risk assessment?
  • 14. Visibly cracking down on perpetrators could send a stronger message Once a perpetrator has been identified, what should companies do? To deter future crime, it’s important to take action. While around 80% of internal perpetrators in the PLS industry were dismissed, in line with the global average, only 36% had to answer to law enforcement, compared to nearly half of internal perpetrators overall (see Figure 7). Fewer PLS executives say their company took civil action or informed regulatory authorities too. The sector is also less likely to take these types of actions against external perpetrators. Fewer PLS executives say their companies notified law enforcement or took civil actions. And fewer ceased business relationships as well. In our view, many PLS companies may need to take another look at their responses to economic crime once it occurs. Figure 7: The PLS sector is taking less legal action against perpetrators of serious economic crimes 7a: Internal perpetrators (not all choices listed) Dismissal Law enforcement informed Civil action was taken, including recoveries Warning/reprimand Notified relevant regulatory authorities 79 82 49 36 44 27 17 9 7 23 0 20 40 60 80 100 Total Pharmaceuticals and life sciences % of respondents who reported economic crime in the past 24 months 7b: External perpetrators (not all choices listed) Law inforcement informed Notified relevant regulatory authorities Cessation of the business relationship Civil action was taken, including recoveries 61 52 39 39 37 26 22 42 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 Total Pharmaceuticals and life sciences % of respondents who reported economic crime in the past 24 months 12 | Global Economic Crime Survey 2014 | PwC
  • 15. Contacts For more information on the Global Economic Crime Survey and the survey methodology, please refer to Economic crime: A threat to business globally at www.pwc.com/crimesurvey. If you would like to find out more about the information contained within this report, or to discuss any issues around economic crime and how our team can help you, please get in touch with your local PwC contact or the sector report team: Editorial team Brian Riewerts Principal, Sector report lead partner, PwC USA T: +1 410 659 3390 E: brian.riewerts@us.pwc.com Marina Bello Valcarce Sector report project manager, PwC United Kingdom T: +44 20 7212 8642 E: marina.bello.valcarce@uk.pwc.com Forensic Service Leaders Andrew Gordon Partner, PwC United Kingdom, Global Leader T: +44 20 7804 4187 E: andrew.gordon@us.pwc.com John Donker Partner, PwC Hong Kong, East Cluster Leader T: +1 852 2289 2411 E: john.donker@hk.pwc.com Andrew Palmer Partner, PwC United Kingdom, Central Cluster Leader T: +44 20 7212 8656 E: andrew.palmer@uk.pwc.com Erik Skramstad Partner, PwC USA, West Cluster Leader T: +1 617 530 6156 M: erik.skramstad@us.pwc.com Pharmaceuticals and life sciences forensic specialists Patricia A. Etzold Partner, PwC USA T: +1 646 471 3691 E: patricia.a.etzold@us.pwc.com Ryan D. Murphy Partner, PwC USA T: +1 312 298 3109 E: ryan.d.murphy@us.pwc.com Editorial team acknowledgements In preparing this report, assistance was gratefully received from PwC teams in the US and UK. We’d also like to thank Elizabeth Montgomery (Pwc Germany) for writing and editorial assistance. PwC | Global Economic Crime Survey 2014 | 13
  • 16. www.pwc.com/crimesurvey PwC helps organisations and individuals create the value they’re looking for. We’re a network of firms in 157 countries with more than 184,000 people who are committed to delivering quality in assurance, tax and advisory services. Tell us what matters to you and find out more by visiting us at www.pwc.com This content is for general information purposes only, and should not be used as a substitute for consultation with professional advisors. © 2014 PwC. All rights reserved. PwC refers to the PwC network and/or one or more of its member firms, each of which is a separate legal entity. Please see www.pwc.com/structure for further details. 140826-095323-MV-OS