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Independent
restaurateurs
and training,
what is the
solution?
2018
An innovative learning
community concept to
support and motivate
independent restaurateurs
to learn and to receive
training on digital tools
METRO Chair of Innovation
A learning community
3
Our purpose is
to support success in the
hospitality industry. It is there-
fore our obligation to not only
offer sustainable products but also
to ensure the sustainable success of
our customers. That includes sharing
knowledge, training customers and
providing access to innovation.”
Olaf Koch, CEO - METRO AG
54
What is the METRO
Chair of Innovation?
METRO AG, one of the world’s leading retail and wholesale
companies based in Germany, and the Ecole hôtelière
de Lausanne (EHL), the first hospitality management
school established in 1893 in Switzerland, joined forces in
January 2016 to create a research chair to investigate
digital innovation in the restaurant industry.
The conclusion of the first study of the METRO Chair of
Innovation showed that there was a delay of technology
adoption by independent restaurants, primarily due to
a lack of access to knowledge and technological skills.
For this reason the present study focuses on finding
solutions to provide restaurateurs with incentives to learn
and receive training.
The Learning Community concept designed by the
METRO Chair of Innovation allows the creation of a
community whilst ensuring creative learning at the service
of independent restaurateurs.
The objective is to create an
innovative community concept
to provide independent restaurateurs
with incentives to learn and
to get trained.
7
Content
Context
Takeaways
Methodology
Definitions
What are the restaurateurs' challenges?
Which topics are restaurateurs interested in?
Top 3 challenges and topics
A gap between challenges and topics
Training, but for whom?
The Learning Community Concept
Final words
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
9
10
12
14
16
17
18
20
21
27
39
9
1How shall we train independent restaurateurs who
do not see any challenges in their business whilst
their own industry is collapsing under the pressure of
government taxes, large corporations and change
in their customers' mindset? Independent restau-
rateurs are driven by passion, an honourable
motivator, but not the best when it comes to
managing their assets and adapting their business to
thedigitalage.
The current foodservice market has reached an
unprecedented competitive climate between
independent restaurants and chain operators.
Independent restaurateurs are being pressured by
tech-driven chains to implement technological
solutions in order to survive in the long run.
In fact, technology has become an integral driver of
global growth strategy and the fastest global chains
havealsobecomeleadersintech-drivenfoodservice.
As a result, independent restaurateurs’ failure
to grasp the importance of technology could
have serious consequences on the very survival
of their businesses. This delay in technological
adoption is primarily due to a lack of access to
knowledgeandtechnologicalskillsasdiscoveredin
thepreviousresearchoftheMETROChairofInnovation.
A thorough study on restaurateurs’ challenges
and behaviours towards training, as well as
innovations in education from other industries
enabled the creation of the Learning Community.
To create sustainable success for all community
members, the community is centred on networking,
knowledge and experience sharing, gamification
and training à la carte.
Context
1110
2Takeaways
Offering home
delivery service
Managing food/beverage
and other supply costs
Doing administrative
paperwork
Mastering cooking
techniques
Managing staff Forecasting demand
Challenges Topics
Preferred training
type and format
The Learning Community Concept
6 pillars supporting the Learning Community
Top 3 challenges and topics
Learning
method
Distance willing
to travel
Time allocated
to training
Best moment
to learn
Budget
Recurrence
of training
From 1 to 2 hours
Workshops
Max. 20km
Mondays or
Tuesdays
Max. 100 €
2 topics per year
Gamification Blended learning
Training à la carte
Peer-to-peer learning
and evaluation
Referral programme
Freemium
Identification of challenges faced by independent restaurateurs
and their learning topics of interest:
The following concept is an innovative approach to train indepen-
dent restaurateurs. It takes into account their lack of time and money,
mindset, primary challenges, topics of interest, level of digitalisation,
preferred training format and demographic characteristics.
1312
3
Sample
Research question Qualitative interviews
Time frameTypes of restaurants
owners, managers and/or
chefs METRO customers
How can a restaurateur
community foster training?
2323
Methodology
In France and Italy: full service restaurants, café/bars, fast food,
self-service cafeterias, kiosk/food truck and 100% home delivery.
In Spain: tapas bar, menu restaurant, à la carte restaurant.
In total, four different types of exploratory interviews were conducted throughout the research primarily to (1)
provide insights and understanding of the overall communities surrounding restaurateurs, (2) create our quanti-
tative survey aligned with our research purpose and the needs of the industry, (3) meet with inspiring individuals
from a range of industries. Key takeaways from these exploratory interviews were taken into account for the creation
of the Learning Community concept.
independent
restaurateurs
academics, experts,
start-ups and restaurant
associations
40 18
Feb.
2017
Nov.
2017
Sep.
2017
Jan.
2018
20182017
Quantitative survey
Qualitative interviews
Desk research
1514
4Definitions of the 10 business processes, challenges and topics
Definition of the 9 dimensions
Collaborative exchange
Value is transferred in a collaborative
exchange between the company and
customers via participation and information.
Digitalisation
Digitalisation is the process of converting
information and processes into a digital
format.
Delivering value
When an action or interaction between
members of the community is delivering
value to the restaurateurs or the company
acting as a sponsor of the community.
Training type
The elements defining the type of training in
which restaurateurs would like to participate
(e.g.workshops,durationofthetraining,price,etc.).
Restaurateurs’ mindset
Restaurateurs’ mindset defines their willing-
ness to receive training and to improve their
knowledge on specific topics.
Community
A community is a self-organised group of
individuals who share their interests and
challenges in order to gain greater knowl-
edge and expertise on a topic through
regular interactions.
Learning topics
Topics of interest in which restaurateurs
would like to be trained, within 10 main
business processes of a restaurant.
Gamification
Gamification applies game-design
elements and principles in a non-game
context. This allows to improve the quality
of learning for users, their engagement
towards the community and their ability
to comprehend digital content.
Challenges
The challenges encountered by restau-
rants within 10 main business processes
of a restaurant.
The figure below represents how each business process was paired with a challenge and a corresponding
topic. This was a way to see if there is a gap between the challenges restaurateurs face and the topics
they would like to get training on.
The following nine dimensions have been created following desk research and exploratory interviews. These
elements helped to create the quantitative survey and were taken into consideration in order
to build an innovative concept for the Learning Community tailored to independent restaurateurs.
In the 2017 research of the METRO Chair of Innovation, the main business processes of an independent restaurant
were identified in order to draw parallels between the use, importance and future investment in technological solutions.
For this study, each business processes were paired with a challenge and a corresponding topic of interest.
Definitions
Administration
Challenge: Doing administrative paperwork
Topic: Doing the accounting
Stock management
Challenge: Managing the stock
Topic: Forecasting demand
Human resources
Challenge: Managing the staff
Topic: Scheduling staff
Service management
Challenge: Serving clients
Topic: Managing client expectations and
advising them
Payment solutions
Challenge: Taking clients’ payments
Topic: Using POS functions
Kitchen management
Challenge: Managing the kitchen
Topic: Mastering cooking techniques
Home delivery
Challenge: Offering home delivery service
Topic: Managing food deliveries to clients
Purchasing
Challenge: Buying groceries and other supplies
Topic: Managing food/beverage and other
supply costs
Booking
Challenge: Taking booking
Topic: Using different booking systems
Promotion
Challenge: Promoting the restaurant’s activities
Topic: Promoting on Internet
These nine dimensions represent elements that have to be taken into consideration in order to create an innovative
Learning Community concept tailor-made to independent restaurateurs.
1716
65What are the
restaurateurs'
challenges?
Which topics
are restaurateurs
interested in?
Level of challenges Interest in learning
Independent restaurateurs in France, Italy and Spain do not generally face challenges in their operations.
Knowing their difficult situation in Europe and the fierce competition they are facing from chain operators, this illus-
trates well that they do not yet realise that their businesses are in danger.
Across all countries, there is still more than a quarter of independent restaurants who realise they are facing
challenges in their daily operations.
respondents
2323
respondents
2168
Nearly half of independent restaurateurs are interested in receiving training on one or more topics related to their
daily operations.
Level of challenges among restaurateurs Interest in learning among restaurateurs
0
20%
40%
60%
80%
Spain
Italy
France
Very easyEasyNeutral
0
20%
40%
60%
80%
Spain
Italy
France
Strongly
agree
AgreeNeither agree
nor disagree
DisagreeStrongly
disagree
1918
7
Restaurateurs in France, Italy and Spain encounter the biggest difficulties in: offering home delivery service, doing
administrativepaperworkandmanagingthestaff.Theyaremostlyinterestedinreceivingtrainingonhowtobuygroceries
andothersupplies, to mastercookingtechniques and to forecastdemand.
Identifying the business processes where independent restaurateurs are encountering the most challenges helps to define
wheretrainingismostneeded.Inordertomotivateandattractrestaurateurstothetrainingconcept,thetopthreetopicsof
interest will be used as a motivational factors. Their main challenges will be addressed later on, in the advanced level of the
Learning Community concept.
Doing administrative
paperwork
Offering home
delivery service
Offering home
delivery service
Offering home
delivery service
Promoting
on internet
Managing food/beverage
and other supply costs
Managing food/beverage
and other supply costs
Managing client expecta-
tions and advising them
Promoting the
restaurant’s activities
Promoting the
restaurant’s activities
Doing administrative
paperwork
Managing staff
Mastering cooking
techniques
Mastering cooking
techniques
Mastering cooking
techniques
Forecasting demand
Managing staff
Doing administrative
paperwork
Managing staff
Doing administrative
paperwork
Forcasting demand
Managing food/beverage
and other supply costs
Managing client expecta-
tions and advising them
Forcasting demand
Managing food/beverage
and other supply costs
Challenges Challenges
Challenges
Challenges
Topics Topics
Topics
Topics
FRANCE
FRANCE, ITALY & SPAIN
SPAINITALY
Top 3 challenges
and topics
2120
8
9
A gap between
challenges and
topics
It seems logical that when facing a big challenge, one would get training on that particular area in order to
improve this process of the business. However, restaurateurs appear to think differently.
Indeed, there is a gap between the challenges faced daily by restaurateurs and their topic of interest.
Restaurateurs wish to receive training on core tasks such as stock, purchasing, cooking and serving clients.
Training,
but for whom?
The mindset theory developed by Carol S. Dweck is used to understand people’s
perception of learning by dividing the population into two categories. Those who
believe learning is valuable and can develop their intelligence and talents through
training (called growth mindset), and those who think their abilities, intelligence and
talents are fixed traits making it impossible for them to go beyond the qualities they
were born with (fixed mindset).
Since the study aims at creating a training concept to foster knowledge, it was
necessary to identify those who believe learning is valuable and those who do not.
The theory was adapted to independent restaurateurs: people with a growth
mindset are called The Curious (restaurateurs who seek for information), whilst
people with a fixed mindset are called The Satisfied (restaurateurs who tend to be
satisfied with the knowledge they have).
Dweck, C. (2011). Mindset: The new psychology of success. Gildan Media Corporation.
Doing administrative
paperwork
Promoting
on internet
Promoting the
restaurant’s activities
Mastering cooking
techniques
Managing staff Forcasting demand
Managing food/beverage
and other supply costs
Challenges Topics
Offering home
delivery service
Managing client expecta-
tions and advising them
Managing staff Forecasting demand
Doing administrative
paperwork
Managing food/beverage
and other supply costs
Challenges Topics
Offering home
delivery service
Managing food/beverage
and other supply costs
Promoting the
restaurant’s activities
Mastering cooking
techniques
Doing administrative
paperwork
Managing client expecta-
tions and advising them
Challenges Topics
FRANCE
ITALY
SPAIN
2322
Curious vs. Satisfied Who are the Curious restaurateurs?
The Curious restaurateurs are those individuals willing to learn and improve their knowledge. As a result, they will
be the first individuals to integrate the Learning Community representing 70% of independent restaurateurs across
the three countries of the study.
The Satisfied restaurateurs will be able to join the community if they succeed in changing their mindset towards
training, thus becoming Curious restaurateurs.
The Curious restaurateurs are those willing to learn and improve their knowledge, so let’s get a deeper
understanding of their profile.
The Curious
The Curious restaurateur understands
the importance of learning in order
to achieve higher results.
The Satisfied
The Satisfied restaurateur believes
that his abilities are set in stone and
unable to be improved upon.
respondents
2168
Curious vs. Satisfied restaurateurs 
80%
60%
40%
20%
0
Spain
Italy
France
Curious
Position held in
the restaurant
Gender
Reason for opening
the restaurant
Visit to the main
supplier
Type of
restaurant
Generation
Highest-level
diploma
Owner
Man
Passion
Once a week
Full-service
Generation-X
General education
The Curious restaurateur's profile
2524
The Traditional
The traditional restaurateur
does not use technology in his/
her restaurant, does not pos-
sess a computer and prefers the
classic “pen & paper” method.
The Moderate
The moderate: has a comput-
er and uses basic tools such
as Microsoft Office software
(Word, Excel).
The Innovator
The innovator: uses mobile devices
connected with his/her point of
sales, has a relatively good un-
derstanding of the importance of
social media in attracting clients,
meeting their needs and
retaining them.
1
2
17
1
2
17
1
2
17
1
2
17
1
2
17
1
2
17
Their level of technology
In 2017, the first research of the METRO Chair of Innovation measured the level of technological use by independent
restaurateurs and created three profiles: the Traditional, the Moderate and the Innovator. The level of technological
adoption remains similar in 2018, showing no noticeable advancement in the adoption of technology.
Curious restaurateurs are mainly Traditional and Moderate in their use of technological solutions in their restaurant.
Training type and format
The below elements define the training type and format that Curious restaurateurs would prefer to receive
in order to improve their knowledge.
The level of technological use for the Curious restaurateurs was measured in order to compare with the
overall level of technological adoption in 2017 as seen in the first research of the METRO Chair of Innovation.
Learning
method
France SpainItaly All
Distance
willing to travel
Time allocated
to training
Best moment
to learn
Budget
Recurrence
of training
From 1 to 2 hours,
half a day or 1 day
Workshops
Up to 40km and
more
Weekly closing
day: Mondays
Up to 100€
2 topics per year
From 1 to 2 hours
Workshops
Up to 20km
Weekly closing
day: Mondays or
Tuesday
Up to 100€
2 topics per year
From 1 to 3 hours
Workshops &
Online
Up to 20km
Weekly closing
day: Tuesdays
Up to 50€
From 2 topics per
year and more
From 1 to 2 hours
Workshops
Max. 20km
Mondays or
Tuesdays
Max. 100 €
2 topics per year
By defining the preferred training format of the Curious restaurateurs, the Learning Community concept will be
tailored to the specificities of each country.
respondents
1517
Tech profiles of Curious restaurateurs
Curious restaurateurs' type and format preferences
Spain
Italy
France
InnovatorModerateTraditional
80%
60%
40%
20%
0
27
10The Learning
Community
Concept
When it comes to training independent restaurateurs, training com-
panies are facing two primary barriers: the lack of time and the lack of
money that characterise independent restaurateurs.
The following concept is an innovative approach to train independent
restaurateurs. It takes into account their lack of time and money, mind-
set, primary challenges, topics of interest, level of digitalisation, preferred
training format and demographic characteristics.
This concept offers a solution to attract restaurateurs’ attention, train
them on what interests them and then introduces little by little more
challenging topics.
As learning is a long lasting process, the training concept intends to cre-
ate a community that fosters learning through peer-to-peer interactions
whilst creating long-term relationships to promote sustainable success.
2928
Training à la carte
Restaurateurs can build their personal
programme based on their own interests
and time constraints. Once restaurateurs
start their training route, they have to
unlock each level by completing a minimum
of two projects per level. Restaurateurs will
be given a time frame to complete each
project. This also gives restaurateurs a sense
of urgency which is very important for
learners to receive.
Peer-to-peer learning
and evaluation
Independent restaurateurs trust the
experience of their peers and like to exchange
information on best practices. In the Learn-
ing Community, restaurateurs will have to go
further than this by helping each other out to
complete projects and by evaluating the work
of others.
The main objectives is to allow them
to bond and accomplish their business
objectives. Through the peer-to-peer
learning and evaluation system, they are
able to trade items and information to foster
individual restaurateurs’ advancement.
In order to progress to the next level,
restaurateurs have to do a minimum of two
project reviews from their peers.
Referral programme
In order to increase participation by
restaurateurs and bring new entrants to the
Learning Community, a referral programme
will be in place.
As part of this referral programme, restaura-
teurswhoreferatleasttwootherrestaurateurs
will gain points.
Gamification
Elements of gamification will be present
throughout the entire journey of the
restaurateurintheLearningCommunity.This
aims to improve the quality of learning for
restaurateurs,theirengagementtowardsthe
community and their ability to comprehend
digital content.
Blended learning
Independent restaurateurs are more
inclined to follow either a workshop or be
trained online. These two types of training
will therefore be available throughout the
programme.
Restaurateurs enjoy sharingbest practices,
positive achievements and experiences with
their peers. This is made possible with work-
shops and via an online learning platform.
Restaurateurs remain traditional towards
technology and how they wish to interact
with others. This is why a mix of both
training methods is required.
Freemium
The more you are an active member in the
Learning Community, the less you will have
to pay to get access to training.
In order to allow independent restaurateurs
to receive training given their restricted
budgets, the sponsor of the community will
bear most of the costs. However, restaura-
teurs will still have to participate financially
to get access to more advanced topics and/
or features of the programme.
Six pillars supporting the Learning Community
The overall concept is based on six pillars that are all linked to at least one of the nine dimensions. These
dimensions pave the way for the creation of an innovative Learning Community of restaurateurs focused on
two main objectives: fostering learning and improving theirday-to-day operations.
Gamification
Blended learning
Training à la carte
Peer-to-peer learning
and evaluation
Referral programme
Freemium
Gamification
Community
Collaborative exchange
Community
Delivering value
Restaurateurs' mindset
Gamification
Community
Collaborative exchange
Delivering value
Delivering value
Training type
Learning topics
Challenges
Restaurateurs' mindset
Gamification
Community
Digitalisation
Collaborative exchange
Training type
Restaurateurs' mindset
Digitalisation
Collaborative exchange
Training type
Delivering value
Restaurateurs' mindset
Dimensions Pillars
30
Training routes
Selection process
Independent restaurateurs will have to go through a selection process to ensure their willingness to learn
before gaining access to the Learning Community.
Module topics
To attract restaurateurs, the topics available on the first level of the programme are ones that restaurateurs
are the most interested in according to our research. For the following levels, more advanced notions of the
same topic are given. Finally, for the last level, new topics related to their main challenges are introduced.
Purchasing Kitchen
management
Stock
management
Promotion Service
management
Topics
Challenges
Topics
How does the Learning Community work?
The Learning Community starts with a selection process
in which the restaurateur will have to participate in order
to access the community resources. After the completion of
the selection process, the restaurateur will be able to advance
throughout the different routes available in the Learning
Community. The restaurateur will need to validate two
projects to unlock the next level.
The further the restaurateur progresses in the levels, the
closer he/she gets to the topics covering his her main
challenges (managing home delivery, administrative
paperwork and managing staff).
Ambassador
Selection
Service
How to better manage my clients'
expectations and advise them
Start of learning tracks
Completion
CompletionCompletion
Completion
Project n°1
1
Project n°1
1
Project n°2
2
Project n°3
3
Project n°1
1
Project n°2
2
Project n°3
3
Project n°1
1
Project n°2
2
Project n°3
3
Project n°1
1
Project n°2
2
Project n°3
3
Completion
Project n°2
2
Project n°3
3
Promotion
How to better
promote my
establishment
on internet
Purchasing
How to better
manage food,
beverages and
supplies costs
Kitchen
How to better master
cooking techniques
Stock
How to better forecast
the demand
Managing
Completion
Managing
Project n°1
1
Managing
Project n°2
2
Home delivery
Completion
Administrative
paperwork
Completion
Bornrr curirr ous
Adventurer
Home delivery
Project n°2
2
Administrative
paperwork
Project n°2
2
Home delivery
Project n°1
1
Administrative
paperwork
Project n°1
1
3534
2
31Challenge Accepted
Tom has to do a 1-minute video and sends it
to the Learning Community. He has to show his
willingness to be part of the community as well
as presenting the biggest challenge that he faces
in his restaurant. He sends the video showing how
motivated he is to learn how to better manage his
food costs.
He passes the selection test, becomes an
Official member of the Learning Community
and an Adventurer with access to the level 1.
First Workshops
Tom participates in the first workshop so he is able
to understand the programme and how he will be
able to create his own journey into the Learning
Community.
His first chosen topic is“Introduction to stock
management”. Tom will learn how to take his
inventory and classify his goods depending on
their price, their margin, etc. Tom successfully
completes his first project.
In order to upgrade from the Adventurer to the
Born Curious status, he needs to follow a second
workshop and he chooses the“Introduction to
purchasing”module. At the end of this project,
Tom is able to compare different offers from
suppliers and establish criteria to help him
make the right choice for his restaurant. Level Validation
Tom has validated the "Introduction to stock
man­agement”and“Introduction to purchasing”
from level 1. However, to become a Born Curious
restaurateur and reach level 2, he needs to review
two other restaurateurs' projects of his choice on
a topic he has himself validated. By reviewing two
projects on“stock management”, he earns experi-
ence points and consequently earns Born Curious
status. He can have access to level 2 topics related
to stock management and purchasing.
He specialises his training route in stock
management by selecting“Receiving goods”.
Tom learns how to control his goods upon
delivery, control the expiration date, quantity,
quality, weight, packaging, pricing, etc.
Digital tools are now made available to Tom to try
out for free in his business.
To reach level 3, Tom needs again to validate two
projects. So, he continues to learn about stock
management by choosing“Storing goods”. Tom
will learn how to store his goods, what type of
fridge he has, how to create his menu du jour
according to his inventory, etc.
EXAMPLE OF
A restaurateur's journey
Learning Ecosystem
2
Freemium
Peer-to-peer
learning & evaluation
Training à la carte
Pillar:
Pillar:
Pillar:
3736
4
6
5
Referral & Evaluation
Tom refers two restaurateur friends that want
to be part of the Learning Community. He earns
experience points.
Tom also earns experience points by evaluating
and giving feedback regarding the digital tools
he is using as part of the projects. He will then
be able to recommend a digital tool to other
restaurateurs based on his own experience.
Completion
Tom is now an Ambassador and can access level 3. He is
almost at the end of the training route on "Stock manage-
ment". He follows his final project on“Forecasting demand
& Performance measure”. Tom will learn how to forecast
demand, measure his restaurant’s performance as well
as implement KPI's (key performance indicators) to help
him save money and time.
Because he completed the entire stock management
module, he receives a certificate proving his expertise on
this topic.
Other restaurateurs can now contact him directly through
the Learning Community platform to ask him questions
and share best practices on stock management.
Every Ambassador will not only gain expertise via the
Learning Community but also increased visibility of their
restaurant internally as well as externally to the community.
Meet with a Leader
Tom has validated two projects from level 2 on the
topic of stock management:“Receiving goods”and
“Storing goods”. He becomes an Ambassador.
He now has enough experience points to meet
with a top Chef/restaurateur and exchange on
best practices. He can also exchange with
start-ups providing the digital tools available
at the Learning Community.
Peer-to-peer
learning & evaluation
Gamification
Pillar:
Pillar:
Referral Programme
Pillar:
39
11Final words
The first research of the METRO Chair of Innovation highlighted the
lack of technological adoption by independent restaurateurs, which
makes it difficult for them to compete with chain restaurateurs and survive
in the long term. The main reasons for this delay in technology adoption
were due to a lack of access to knowledge and technological skills.
The Learning Community concept does not only provide targeted
training related to technology , but also tackles all primary challenges
that they face in their daily operations.
By creating such a unique, innovative and alternative method of
learning, it bridges the gap between restaurateurs’ willingness to
receive training and their lack of engagement with exisiting
training methods.
This Learning Community paves the way for restaurateurs to
embrace and take advantage of technology.
43
Research Team
Dr. Christine Demen Meier
Chair Holder
christine.demen-meier@ehl.ch
Caroline Guigou
Scientific Coordinator
caroline.guigou@ehl.ch
Isabelle Vetterli
Scientific Collaborator
isabelle.vetterli@ehl.ch
“We are committed to developing research, expanding
education and contributing to sustainable development
through innovation in the restaurant industry.”
METRO Chair of Innovation
Ecole hôtelière de Lausanne
Route de Cojonnex 18
1000 Lausanne 25
Switzerland
+41 21 785 11 11
www.ehl.edu/innovation

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Metro chair booklet_-_en_-_independent_restaurateurs_and_training

  • 1. Independent restaurateurs and training, what is the solution? 2018 An innovative learning community concept to support and motivate independent restaurateurs to learn and to receive training on digital tools METRO Chair of Innovation A learning community
  • 2. 3 Our purpose is to support success in the hospitality industry. It is there- fore our obligation to not only offer sustainable products but also to ensure the sustainable success of our customers. That includes sharing knowledge, training customers and providing access to innovation.” Olaf Koch, CEO - METRO AG
  • 3. 54 What is the METRO Chair of Innovation? METRO AG, one of the world’s leading retail and wholesale companies based in Germany, and the Ecole hôtelière de Lausanne (EHL), the first hospitality management school established in 1893 in Switzerland, joined forces in January 2016 to create a research chair to investigate digital innovation in the restaurant industry. The conclusion of the first study of the METRO Chair of Innovation showed that there was a delay of technology adoption by independent restaurants, primarily due to a lack of access to knowledge and technological skills. For this reason the present study focuses on finding solutions to provide restaurateurs with incentives to learn and receive training. The Learning Community concept designed by the METRO Chair of Innovation allows the creation of a community whilst ensuring creative learning at the service of independent restaurateurs. The objective is to create an innovative community concept to provide independent restaurateurs with incentives to learn and to get trained.
  • 4. 7 Content Context Takeaways Methodology Definitions What are the restaurateurs' challenges? Which topics are restaurateurs interested in? Top 3 challenges and topics A gap between challenges and topics Training, but for whom? The Learning Community Concept Final words 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 9 10 12 14 16 17 18 20 21 27 39
  • 5. 9 1How shall we train independent restaurateurs who do not see any challenges in their business whilst their own industry is collapsing under the pressure of government taxes, large corporations and change in their customers' mindset? Independent restau- rateurs are driven by passion, an honourable motivator, but not the best when it comes to managing their assets and adapting their business to thedigitalage. The current foodservice market has reached an unprecedented competitive climate between independent restaurants and chain operators. Independent restaurateurs are being pressured by tech-driven chains to implement technological solutions in order to survive in the long run. In fact, technology has become an integral driver of global growth strategy and the fastest global chains havealsobecomeleadersintech-drivenfoodservice. As a result, independent restaurateurs’ failure to grasp the importance of technology could have serious consequences on the very survival of their businesses. This delay in technological adoption is primarily due to a lack of access to knowledgeandtechnologicalskillsasdiscoveredin thepreviousresearchoftheMETROChairofInnovation. A thorough study on restaurateurs’ challenges and behaviours towards training, as well as innovations in education from other industries enabled the creation of the Learning Community. To create sustainable success for all community members, the community is centred on networking, knowledge and experience sharing, gamification and training à la carte. Context
  • 6. 1110 2Takeaways Offering home delivery service Managing food/beverage and other supply costs Doing administrative paperwork Mastering cooking techniques Managing staff Forecasting demand Challenges Topics Preferred training type and format The Learning Community Concept 6 pillars supporting the Learning Community Top 3 challenges and topics Learning method Distance willing to travel Time allocated to training Best moment to learn Budget Recurrence of training From 1 to 2 hours Workshops Max. 20km Mondays or Tuesdays Max. 100 € 2 topics per year Gamification Blended learning Training à la carte Peer-to-peer learning and evaluation Referral programme Freemium Identification of challenges faced by independent restaurateurs and their learning topics of interest: The following concept is an innovative approach to train indepen- dent restaurateurs. It takes into account their lack of time and money, mindset, primary challenges, topics of interest, level of digitalisation, preferred training format and demographic characteristics.
  • 7. 1312 3 Sample Research question Qualitative interviews Time frameTypes of restaurants owners, managers and/or chefs METRO customers How can a restaurateur community foster training? 2323 Methodology In France and Italy: full service restaurants, café/bars, fast food, self-service cafeterias, kiosk/food truck and 100% home delivery. In Spain: tapas bar, menu restaurant, à la carte restaurant. In total, four different types of exploratory interviews were conducted throughout the research primarily to (1) provide insights and understanding of the overall communities surrounding restaurateurs, (2) create our quanti- tative survey aligned with our research purpose and the needs of the industry, (3) meet with inspiring individuals from a range of industries. Key takeaways from these exploratory interviews were taken into account for the creation of the Learning Community concept. independent restaurateurs academics, experts, start-ups and restaurant associations 40 18 Feb. 2017 Nov. 2017 Sep. 2017 Jan. 2018 20182017 Quantitative survey Qualitative interviews Desk research
  • 8. 1514 4Definitions of the 10 business processes, challenges and topics Definition of the 9 dimensions Collaborative exchange Value is transferred in a collaborative exchange between the company and customers via participation and information. Digitalisation Digitalisation is the process of converting information and processes into a digital format. Delivering value When an action or interaction between members of the community is delivering value to the restaurateurs or the company acting as a sponsor of the community. Training type The elements defining the type of training in which restaurateurs would like to participate (e.g.workshops,durationofthetraining,price,etc.). Restaurateurs’ mindset Restaurateurs’ mindset defines their willing- ness to receive training and to improve their knowledge on specific topics. Community A community is a self-organised group of individuals who share their interests and challenges in order to gain greater knowl- edge and expertise on a topic through regular interactions. Learning topics Topics of interest in which restaurateurs would like to be trained, within 10 main business processes of a restaurant. Gamification Gamification applies game-design elements and principles in a non-game context. This allows to improve the quality of learning for users, their engagement towards the community and their ability to comprehend digital content. Challenges The challenges encountered by restau- rants within 10 main business processes of a restaurant. The figure below represents how each business process was paired with a challenge and a corresponding topic. This was a way to see if there is a gap between the challenges restaurateurs face and the topics they would like to get training on. The following nine dimensions have been created following desk research and exploratory interviews. These elements helped to create the quantitative survey and were taken into consideration in order to build an innovative concept for the Learning Community tailored to independent restaurateurs. In the 2017 research of the METRO Chair of Innovation, the main business processes of an independent restaurant were identified in order to draw parallels between the use, importance and future investment in technological solutions. For this study, each business processes were paired with a challenge and a corresponding topic of interest. Definitions Administration Challenge: Doing administrative paperwork Topic: Doing the accounting Stock management Challenge: Managing the stock Topic: Forecasting demand Human resources Challenge: Managing the staff Topic: Scheduling staff Service management Challenge: Serving clients Topic: Managing client expectations and advising them Payment solutions Challenge: Taking clients’ payments Topic: Using POS functions Kitchen management Challenge: Managing the kitchen Topic: Mastering cooking techniques Home delivery Challenge: Offering home delivery service Topic: Managing food deliveries to clients Purchasing Challenge: Buying groceries and other supplies Topic: Managing food/beverage and other supply costs Booking Challenge: Taking booking Topic: Using different booking systems Promotion Challenge: Promoting the restaurant’s activities Topic: Promoting on Internet These nine dimensions represent elements that have to be taken into consideration in order to create an innovative Learning Community concept tailor-made to independent restaurateurs.
  • 9. 1716 65What are the restaurateurs' challenges? Which topics are restaurateurs interested in? Level of challenges Interest in learning Independent restaurateurs in France, Italy and Spain do not generally face challenges in their operations. Knowing their difficult situation in Europe and the fierce competition they are facing from chain operators, this illus- trates well that they do not yet realise that their businesses are in danger. Across all countries, there is still more than a quarter of independent restaurants who realise they are facing challenges in their daily operations. respondents 2323 respondents 2168 Nearly half of independent restaurateurs are interested in receiving training on one or more topics related to their daily operations. Level of challenges among restaurateurs Interest in learning among restaurateurs 0 20% 40% 60% 80% Spain Italy France Very easyEasyNeutral 0 20% 40% 60% 80% Spain Italy France Strongly agree AgreeNeither agree nor disagree DisagreeStrongly disagree
  • 10. 1918 7 Restaurateurs in France, Italy and Spain encounter the biggest difficulties in: offering home delivery service, doing administrativepaperworkandmanagingthestaff.Theyaremostlyinterestedinreceivingtrainingonhowtobuygroceries andothersupplies, to mastercookingtechniques and to forecastdemand. Identifying the business processes where independent restaurateurs are encountering the most challenges helps to define wheretrainingismostneeded.Inordertomotivateandattractrestaurateurstothetrainingconcept,thetopthreetopicsof interest will be used as a motivational factors. Their main challenges will be addressed later on, in the advanced level of the Learning Community concept. Doing administrative paperwork Offering home delivery service Offering home delivery service Offering home delivery service Promoting on internet Managing food/beverage and other supply costs Managing food/beverage and other supply costs Managing client expecta- tions and advising them Promoting the restaurant’s activities Promoting the restaurant’s activities Doing administrative paperwork Managing staff Mastering cooking techniques Mastering cooking techniques Mastering cooking techniques Forecasting demand Managing staff Doing administrative paperwork Managing staff Doing administrative paperwork Forcasting demand Managing food/beverage and other supply costs Managing client expecta- tions and advising them Forcasting demand Managing food/beverage and other supply costs Challenges Challenges Challenges Challenges Topics Topics Topics Topics FRANCE FRANCE, ITALY & SPAIN SPAINITALY Top 3 challenges and topics
  • 11. 2120 8 9 A gap between challenges and topics It seems logical that when facing a big challenge, one would get training on that particular area in order to improve this process of the business. However, restaurateurs appear to think differently. Indeed, there is a gap between the challenges faced daily by restaurateurs and their topic of interest. Restaurateurs wish to receive training on core tasks such as stock, purchasing, cooking and serving clients. Training, but for whom? The mindset theory developed by Carol S. Dweck is used to understand people’s perception of learning by dividing the population into two categories. Those who believe learning is valuable and can develop their intelligence and talents through training (called growth mindset), and those who think their abilities, intelligence and talents are fixed traits making it impossible for them to go beyond the qualities they were born with (fixed mindset). Since the study aims at creating a training concept to foster knowledge, it was necessary to identify those who believe learning is valuable and those who do not. The theory was adapted to independent restaurateurs: people with a growth mindset are called The Curious (restaurateurs who seek for information), whilst people with a fixed mindset are called The Satisfied (restaurateurs who tend to be satisfied with the knowledge they have). Dweck, C. (2011). Mindset: The new psychology of success. Gildan Media Corporation. Doing administrative paperwork Promoting on internet Promoting the restaurant’s activities Mastering cooking techniques Managing staff Forcasting demand Managing food/beverage and other supply costs Challenges Topics Offering home delivery service Managing client expecta- tions and advising them Managing staff Forecasting demand Doing administrative paperwork Managing food/beverage and other supply costs Challenges Topics Offering home delivery service Managing food/beverage and other supply costs Promoting the restaurant’s activities Mastering cooking techniques Doing administrative paperwork Managing client expecta- tions and advising them Challenges Topics FRANCE ITALY SPAIN
  • 12. 2322 Curious vs. Satisfied Who are the Curious restaurateurs? The Curious restaurateurs are those individuals willing to learn and improve their knowledge. As a result, they will be the first individuals to integrate the Learning Community representing 70% of independent restaurateurs across the three countries of the study. The Satisfied restaurateurs will be able to join the community if they succeed in changing their mindset towards training, thus becoming Curious restaurateurs. The Curious restaurateurs are those willing to learn and improve their knowledge, so let’s get a deeper understanding of their profile. The Curious The Curious restaurateur understands the importance of learning in order to achieve higher results. The Satisfied The Satisfied restaurateur believes that his abilities are set in stone and unable to be improved upon. respondents 2168 Curious vs. Satisfied restaurateurs  80% 60% 40% 20% 0 Spain Italy France Curious Position held in the restaurant Gender Reason for opening the restaurant Visit to the main supplier Type of restaurant Generation Highest-level diploma Owner Man Passion Once a week Full-service Generation-X General education The Curious restaurateur's profile
  • 13. 2524 The Traditional The traditional restaurateur does not use technology in his/ her restaurant, does not pos- sess a computer and prefers the classic “pen & paper” method. The Moderate The moderate: has a comput- er and uses basic tools such as Microsoft Office software (Word, Excel). The Innovator The innovator: uses mobile devices connected with his/her point of sales, has a relatively good un- derstanding of the importance of social media in attracting clients, meeting their needs and retaining them. 1 2 17 1 2 17 1 2 17 1 2 17 1 2 17 1 2 17 Their level of technology In 2017, the first research of the METRO Chair of Innovation measured the level of technological use by independent restaurateurs and created three profiles: the Traditional, the Moderate and the Innovator. The level of technological adoption remains similar in 2018, showing no noticeable advancement in the adoption of technology. Curious restaurateurs are mainly Traditional and Moderate in their use of technological solutions in their restaurant. Training type and format The below elements define the training type and format that Curious restaurateurs would prefer to receive in order to improve their knowledge. The level of technological use for the Curious restaurateurs was measured in order to compare with the overall level of technological adoption in 2017 as seen in the first research of the METRO Chair of Innovation. Learning method France SpainItaly All Distance willing to travel Time allocated to training Best moment to learn Budget Recurrence of training From 1 to 2 hours, half a day or 1 day Workshops Up to 40km and more Weekly closing day: Mondays Up to 100€ 2 topics per year From 1 to 2 hours Workshops Up to 20km Weekly closing day: Mondays or Tuesday Up to 100€ 2 topics per year From 1 to 3 hours Workshops & Online Up to 20km Weekly closing day: Tuesdays Up to 50€ From 2 topics per year and more From 1 to 2 hours Workshops Max. 20km Mondays or Tuesdays Max. 100 € 2 topics per year By defining the preferred training format of the Curious restaurateurs, the Learning Community concept will be tailored to the specificities of each country. respondents 1517 Tech profiles of Curious restaurateurs Curious restaurateurs' type and format preferences Spain Italy France InnovatorModerateTraditional 80% 60% 40% 20% 0
  • 14. 27 10The Learning Community Concept When it comes to training independent restaurateurs, training com- panies are facing two primary barriers: the lack of time and the lack of money that characterise independent restaurateurs. The following concept is an innovative approach to train independent restaurateurs. It takes into account their lack of time and money, mind- set, primary challenges, topics of interest, level of digitalisation, preferred training format and demographic characteristics. This concept offers a solution to attract restaurateurs’ attention, train them on what interests them and then introduces little by little more challenging topics. As learning is a long lasting process, the training concept intends to cre- ate a community that fosters learning through peer-to-peer interactions whilst creating long-term relationships to promote sustainable success.
  • 15. 2928 Training à la carte Restaurateurs can build their personal programme based on their own interests and time constraints. Once restaurateurs start their training route, they have to unlock each level by completing a minimum of two projects per level. Restaurateurs will be given a time frame to complete each project. This also gives restaurateurs a sense of urgency which is very important for learners to receive. Peer-to-peer learning and evaluation Independent restaurateurs trust the experience of their peers and like to exchange information on best practices. In the Learn- ing Community, restaurateurs will have to go further than this by helping each other out to complete projects and by evaluating the work of others. The main objectives is to allow them to bond and accomplish their business objectives. Through the peer-to-peer learning and evaluation system, they are able to trade items and information to foster individual restaurateurs’ advancement. In order to progress to the next level, restaurateurs have to do a minimum of two project reviews from their peers. Referral programme In order to increase participation by restaurateurs and bring new entrants to the Learning Community, a referral programme will be in place. As part of this referral programme, restaura- teurswhoreferatleasttwootherrestaurateurs will gain points. Gamification Elements of gamification will be present throughout the entire journey of the restaurateurintheLearningCommunity.This aims to improve the quality of learning for restaurateurs,theirengagementtowardsthe community and their ability to comprehend digital content. Blended learning Independent restaurateurs are more inclined to follow either a workshop or be trained online. These two types of training will therefore be available throughout the programme. Restaurateurs enjoy sharingbest practices, positive achievements and experiences with their peers. This is made possible with work- shops and via an online learning platform. Restaurateurs remain traditional towards technology and how they wish to interact with others. This is why a mix of both training methods is required. Freemium The more you are an active member in the Learning Community, the less you will have to pay to get access to training. In order to allow independent restaurateurs to receive training given their restricted budgets, the sponsor of the community will bear most of the costs. However, restaura- teurs will still have to participate financially to get access to more advanced topics and/ or features of the programme. Six pillars supporting the Learning Community The overall concept is based on six pillars that are all linked to at least one of the nine dimensions. These dimensions pave the way for the creation of an innovative Learning Community of restaurateurs focused on two main objectives: fostering learning and improving theirday-to-day operations. Gamification Blended learning Training à la carte Peer-to-peer learning and evaluation Referral programme Freemium Gamification Community Collaborative exchange Community Delivering value Restaurateurs' mindset Gamification Community Collaborative exchange Delivering value Delivering value Training type Learning topics Challenges Restaurateurs' mindset Gamification Community Digitalisation Collaborative exchange Training type Restaurateurs' mindset Digitalisation Collaborative exchange Training type Delivering value Restaurateurs' mindset Dimensions Pillars
  • 16. 30 Training routes Selection process Independent restaurateurs will have to go through a selection process to ensure their willingness to learn before gaining access to the Learning Community. Module topics To attract restaurateurs, the topics available on the first level of the programme are ones that restaurateurs are the most interested in according to our research. For the following levels, more advanced notions of the same topic are given. Finally, for the last level, new topics related to their main challenges are introduced. Purchasing Kitchen management Stock management Promotion Service management Topics Challenges Topics How does the Learning Community work? The Learning Community starts with a selection process in which the restaurateur will have to participate in order to access the community resources. After the completion of the selection process, the restaurateur will be able to advance throughout the different routes available in the Learning Community. The restaurateur will need to validate two projects to unlock the next level. The further the restaurateur progresses in the levels, the closer he/she gets to the topics covering his her main challenges (managing home delivery, administrative paperwork and managing staff). Ambassador Selection Service How to better manage my clients' expectations and advise them Start of learning tracks Completion CompletionCompletion Completion Project n°1 1 Project n°1 1 Project n°2 2 Project n°3 3 Project n°1 1 Project n°2 2 Project n°3 3 Project n°1 1 Project n°2 2 Project n°3 3 Project n°1 1 Project n°2 2 Project n°3 3 Completion Project n°2 2 Project n°3 3 Promotion How to better promote my establishment on internet Purchasing How to better manage food, beverages and supplies costs Kitchen How to better master cooking techniques Stock How to better forecast the demand Managing Completion Managing Project n°1 1 Managing Project n°2 2 Home delivery Completion Administrative paperwork Completion Bornrr curirr ous Adventurer Home delivery Project n°2 2 Administrative paperwork Project n°2 2 Home delivery Project n°1 1 Administrative paperwork Project n°1 1
  • 17. 3534 2 31Challenge Accepted Tom has to do a 1-minute video and sends it to the Learning Community. He has to show his willingness to be part of the community as well as presenting the biggest challenge that he faces in his restaurant. He sends the video showing how motivated he is to learn how to better manage his food costs. He passes the selection test, becomes an Official member of the Learning Community and an Adventurer with access to the level 1. First Workshops Tom participates in the first workshop so he is able to understand the programme and how he will be able to create his own journey into the Learning Community. His first chosen topic is“Introduction to stock management”. Tom will learn how to take his inventory and classify his goods depending on their price, their margin, etc. Tom successfully completes his first project. In order to upgrade from the Adventurer to the Born Curious status, he needs to follow a second workshop and he chooses the“Introduction to purchasing”module. At the end of this project, Tom is able to compare different offers from suppliers and establish criteria to help him make the right choice for his restaurant. Level Validation Tom has validated the "Introduction to stock man­agement”and“Introduction to purchasing” from level 1. However, to become a Born Curious restaurateur and reach level 2, he needs to review two other restaurateurs' projects of his choice on a topic he has himself validated. By reviewing two projects on“stock management”, he earns experi- ence points and consequently earns Born Curious status. He can have access to level 2 topics related to stock management and purchasing. He specialises his training route in stock management by selecting“Receiving goods”. Tom learns how to control his goods upon delivery, control the expiration date, quantity, quality, weight, packaging, pricing, etc. Digital tools are now made available to Tom to try out for free in his business. To reach level 3, Tom needs again to validate two projects. So, he continues to learn about stock management by choosing“Storing goods”. Tom will learn how to store his goods, what type of fridge he has, how to create his menu du jour according to his inventory, etc. EXAMPLE OF A restaurateur's journey Learning Ecosystem 2 Freemium Peer-to-peer learning & evaluation Training à la carte Pillar: Pillar: Pillar:
  • 18. 3736 4 6 5 Referral & Evaluation Tom refers two restaurateur friends that want to be part of the Learning Community. He earns experience points. Tom also earns experience points by evaluating and giving feedback regarding the digital tools he is using as part of the projects. He will then be able to recommend a digital tool to other restaurateurs based on his own experience. Completion Tom is now an Ambassador and can access level 3. He is almost at the end of the training route on "Stock manage- ment". He follows his final project on“Forecasting demand & Performance measure”. Tom will learn how to forecast demand, measure his restaurant’s performance as well as implement KPI's (key performance indicators) to help him save money and time. Because he completed the entire stock management module, he receives a certificate proving his expertise on this topic. Other restaurateurs can now contact him directly through the Learning Community platform to ask him questions and share best practices on stock management. Every Ambassador will not only gain expertise via the Learning Community but also increased visibility of their restaurant internally as well as externally to the community. Meet with a Leader Tom has validated two projects from level 2 on the topic of stock management:“Receiving goods”and “Storing goods”. He becomes an Ambassador. He now has enough experience points to meet with a top Chef/restaurateur and exchange on best practices. He can also exchange with start-ups providing the digital tools available at the Learning Community. Peer-to-peer learning & evaluation Gamification Pillar: Pillar: Referral Programme Pillar:
  • 19. 39 11Final words The first research of the METRO Chair of Innovation highlighted the lack of technological adoption by independent restaurateurs, which makes it difficult for them to compete with chain restaurateurs and survive in the long term. The main reasons for this delay in technology adoption were due to a lack of access to knowledge and technological skills. The Learning Community concept does not only provide targeted training related to technology , but also tackles all primary challenges that they face in their daily operations. By creating such a unique, innovative and alternative method of learning, it bridges the gap between restaurateurs’ willingness to receive training and their lack of engagement with exisiting training methods. This Learning Community paves the way for restaurateurs to embrace and take advantage of technology.
  • 20.
  • 21. 43 Research Team Dr. Christine Demen Meier Chair Holder christine.demen-meier@ehl.ch Caroline Guigou Scientific Coordinator caroline.guigou@ehl.ch Isabelle Vetterli Scientific Collaborator isabelle.vetterli@ehl.ch
  • 22. “We are committed to developing research, expanding education and contributing to sustainable development through innovation in the restaurant industry.” METRO Chair of Innovation Ecole hôtelière de Lausanne Route de Cojonnex 18 1000 Lausanne 25 Switzerland +41 21 785 11 11 www.ehl.edu/innovation