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OPHTHALMOSCOPY: Fundus Examination Techniques for Veterinary Medicine
1. 26/04/2010
OPHTHALMOSCOPY
Dr Frank FAMOSE
DVM, CES Ophtalmologie
Ekaterinburg May 2010
What is ophthalmoscopy ?
►Fundus examination ►Direct
Tapetum ophthalmoscopy
Non-tapetal zone
Vascularisation ►Indirect
Optic nerve papilla ophthalmoscopy
►Skiascopy
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Principles of ophthalmoscopy
History
►1704 : First description of feline ocular fundus
►1846-1854 : Babbage-Wharton-Jones
►1858 : First use of direct ophthalmology in animals
►1892 : First atlas of veterinary ophthalmoscopy
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What do you see ?
►Image size
Magnification from x17 to x19
Comparison to optic disc
(vision field about 2-3 Odisc)
► Image position
Real image
Erect image
Practical realization
►Animal restraint
►Sedation
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Practical realization
►Dilatation
Tropicamide 0,5%
1 drop ev. 5 min for
20 min
►Dark room
Practical realization : step by step
►What to do ? ►How to do ?
Place the ophthalmoscope on Place it against your right brow
your eye (for exam of right eye)
Look for the Fundus reflexion Look for it from a 0,5 to 0,75 m
(green reflex) distance
Get closer Till the Fundus is full field
Follow eye movements
►Difficulties ?
Keep both eyes opened
Right for right, left for left
Don’t lose fundus reflexion
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Systematic examination of fundus
Tapetum
Retinal
Vessels
Non tapetal Optic
Zone Disc
Systematic examination of fundus
First Second
quadrant quadrant
Fourth Third
quadrant quadrant
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Adjustements
►Rekoss disc
Description
-2
Uses
►Light source size
►Light colour
►Grille
►Slit source
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Pros and cons of direct
ophthalmoscopy
►Pros ►Cons
Greater magnification Small field of view
Grid and slit Short working distance
Alteration of dioptric Monocular vision
power Bad vision of peripheral
Lower cost retina
Greater distorsion if
opacities
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Practical realization : step by step
►What to do ? ►How to do ?
Place the ophthalmoscope on Adjust pupillary space and
your head direction of light source
Look for the Fundus reflexion Look for it from a 0,5 to 0,75 cm
(green reflex) distance
Place the lens 2-3 cm from the Move it till the Fundus is full field
eye
Follow eye movements
►Difficulties ?
Placement of lens
Inversion of movements
Don’t lose fundus reflexion
Systematic examination of fundus
Tapetum
Retinal
Vessels
Non tapetal Optic
Zone Disc
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Retinal detachement - Dog
Adjustements : lenses
►Plan-convex lens :
converging effect
►Effect of power of
lens
On magnification
On visual field
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Pros and cons of indirect
ophthalmoscopy
►Pros ►Cons
Larger field of view Inversion of image
Safer distance from the Less magnification
patient Technically more
Binocular evaluation difficult
More expensive
Conclusion
►Ophthalmoscopy : essential part of eye examination
►Direct and indirect complements each other
►Practice, practice, practice…
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