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REPOBLIKAN’I MADAGASIKARA
Fitiavana – Tanindrazana – Fandrosoana
-------------------------------------
MINISTERE DE L’ENSEIGNEMENT SUPERIEUR
ET DE LA RECHERCHE SCIENTIFIQUE
-------------------------------------
UNIVERSITE D’ANTANANARIVO
-------------------------------------
ECOLE SUPERIEURE POLYTECHNIQUE D’ANTANANARIVO
-------------------------------------
DOMAINE : SCIENCES DE L’INGENIEUR
-------------------------------------
GRADE : MASTER
-------------------------------------
MENTION : INGENIERIE DES SYSTEMES AVANCES
-------------------------------------
PARCOURS A VISEE DE RECHERCHE : INGENIERIE EN MECATRONIQUE
-------------------------------------
TITRE : ANNALYSE DES DONNEES
Présenté par : RAJAONISAONA Manoa Tsiky Fanantenana
i 𝑦𝑖 𝑥1𝑖 𝑥2𝑖 𝑦𝑖
2
𝑥1𝑖
2
𝑥2𝑖
2 𝑦𝑖𝑥1𝑖 𝑦𝑖𝑥2𝑖 𝑥1𝑖𝑥2𝑖
1 30 84 1,1 900 7056 1,21 2520 33,0 92,4
2 20 71 1,0 400 5041 1,00 1420 20,0 71,0
3 24 71 1,8 576 5041 3,24 1704 45,2 127,8
4 18 65 0,8 324 4225 0,04 1170 14,4 52,0
5 26 80 0,9 676 6400 0,81 2080 23,4 72,0
6 24 74 0,6 576 5476 0,36 1776 14,4 44,4
7 26 76 0,7 676 5776 0,49 1976 18,2 53,2
8 20 68 0,2 400 4624 0,04 1360 4,0 13,6
9 30 80 2,0 900 6400 4,00 2400 60,0 160,0
10 22 75 0,6 484 5625 0,36 1650 13,2 45,0
11 28 78 1,4 784 6084 1,96 2184 39,2 109,2
12 26 77 1,0 676 5929 1,00 2002 26,0 77,0
somme 294 899 12,1 7372 67677 15,11 22242 309,0 917,6
CALCUL MOYENNE
La moyenne pour 𝑦 ∶ 𝑦 =
1
𝑛 𝑖=1
𝑛
𝑦𝑖
Donc, 𝑦 =
1
12
294 = 24,5
La moyenne pour 𝑥1: 𝑥1 =
1
𝑛 𝑖=1
𝑛
𝑥1𝑖
Donc, 𝑥1 =
1
12
899 = 75,16
La moyenne pour 𝑥2: 𝑥2 =
1
𝑛 𝑖=1
𝑛
𝑥2𝑖
Donc, 𝑥2 =
1
12
12,1 = 1,01
CALCUL VARIANCE
La variance pour 𝑦 ∶ 𝑉 𝑦 =
1
𝑛 𝑖=1
𝑛
(𝑦𝑖−𝑦) 2
=
1
𝑛 𝑖=1
𝑛
𝑦𝑖
2 − 𝑦 2
Donc, 𝑉 𝑦 =
1
12
(7372) − 24,52 = 14,08
La variance pour 𝑥1: 𝑉 𝑥1 =
1
𝑛 𝑖=1
𝑛
(𝑥1−𝑥1) 2
=
1
𝑛 𝑖=1
𝑛
𝑥1
2 − 𝑥1
2
Donc, 𝑉 𝑥1 =
1
12
(67677) − (75,16)2 = 27,24
La variance pour 𝑥2: 𝑉 𝑥2 =
1
𝑛 𝑖=1
𝑛
(𝑥2−𝑥2) 2
=
1
𝑛 𝑖=1
𝑛
𝑥2
2 − 𝑥2
2
Donc, 𝑉 𝑥2 =
1
12
(15,01) − 1,01 2 = 0,24
CALCUL COVARIANCE
La covariance entre 𝑦 et 𝑥1:
cov y, 𝑥1 =
1
𝑛
𝑖=1
𝑛
𝑦𝑖 − 𝑦 𝑥1𝑖 − 𝑥1 =
1
𝑛
𝑖=1
𝑛
𝑦𝑖𝑥1𝑖 − 𝑦 𝑥1
Donc, cov y, 𝑥1 =
1
12
22242 − 24,5 × 75,16 = 18,04
La covariance entre 𝑦 et 𝑥2:
cov y, 𝑥2 =
1
𝑛
𝑖=1
𝑛
𝑦𝑖 − 𝑦 𝑥2𝑖 − 𝑥2 =
1
𝑛
𝑖=1
𝑛
𝑦𝑖𝑥2𝑖 − 𝑦 𝑥2
Donc, cov y, 𝑥2 =
1
12
309,0 − 24,5 × 1,01 = 1,04
La covariance entre 𝑥1 et 𝑥2:
cov 𝑥1 , 𝑥2 =
1
𝑛
𝑖=1
𝑛
𝑥1𝑖 − 𝑥1 𝑥2𝑖 − 𝑥2 =
1
𝑛
𝑖=1
𝑛
𝑥1𝑖𝑥2𝑖 − 𝑥1𝑥2
Donc, cov y, 𝑥2 =
1
12
917,6 − 75,16 × 1,01 = 0,92
LA MATRICE DE VARIANCES-COVARIANCES
𝑉 =
𝑉 =
𝑉(𝑦) 𝑐𝑜𝑣(𝑦, 𝑥1) 𝑐𝑜𝑣(𝑦, 𝑥2)
𝑐𝑜𝑣(𝑦, 𝑥1) 𝑉(𝑥1) 𝑐𝑜𝑣(𝑥1, 𝑥2)
𝑐𝑜𝑣(𝑦, 𝑥2) 𝑐𝑜𝑣(𝑥1, 𝑥2) 𝑉(𝑥2)
𝑉 =
14,08 18,04 1,04
18,04 27,24 0,92
1,04 0,92 0,24
𝑉(𝑦) 𝑉(𝑥1) 𝑉(𝑥2)
𝑉(𝑦) … … …
𝑉(𝑥1) … … …
𝑉(𝑥2) … … …
CALCUL CORRELATION
La corrélation entre 𝑦 et 𝑥1: 𝑟𝑦,𝑥1
=
𝑐𝑜𝑣(𝑦, 𝑥1)
𝜎𝑦𝜎𝑥1
Donc, 𝑟𝑦,𝑥1
=
18,04
14,08 27,24
= 0,92
La corrélation entre 𝑦 et 𝑥2: 𝑟𝑦,𝑥2
=
𝑐𝑜𝑣(𝑦, 𝑥2)
𝜎𝑦𝜎𝑥2
Donc, 𝑟𝑦,𝑥2
=
1,04
14,08 0,24
= 0,56
La corrélation entre 𝑥1et 𝑥2: 𝑟𝑥1,𝑥2
=
𝑐𝑜𝑣(𝑥1, 𝑥2)
𝜎𝑥1𝜎𝑥2
Donc, 𝑟𝑥1,𝑥2
=
0,92
27,24 0,24
= 0,36
LA MATRICE DE CORRELATION
𝑀𝐶 =
𝑉 =
1 𝑟𝑦,𝑥1
𝑟𝑦,𝑥2
𝑟𝑦,𝑥1
1 𝑟𝑥1,𝑥2
𝑟𝑦,𝑥2
𝑟𝑥1,𝑥2
1
𝑉 =
1 0,92 0,56
0,92 1 0,36
0,56 0,36 1
𝑉(𝑦) 𝑉(𝑥1) 𝑉(𝑥2)
𝑉(𝑦) … … …
𝑉(𝑥1) … … …
𝑉(𝑥2) … … …
DETERMINATION DES VALEURS PROPRES
Tel que: 𝑦 = 𝑎1𝑥1 + 𝑎2𝑥2 + 𝑏
La matrice V peut etre representé comme une matrice en bloc
𝑉 =
𝑉(𝑦) 𝑐𝑜𝑣(𝑦, 𝑥1) 𝑐𝑜𝑣(𝑦, 𝑥2)
𝑐𝑜𝑣(𝑦, 𝑥1) 𝑉(𝑥1) 𝑐𝑜𝑣(𝑥1, 𝑥2)
𝑐𝑜𝑣(𝑦, 𝑥2) 𝑐𝑜𝑣(𝑥1, 𝑥2) 𝑉(𝑥2)
𝑉 =
𝑉
𝑦𝑦 𝑉
𝑦𝑥
𝑉
𝑦𝑥
′ 𝑉
𝑥𝑥
𝑎 =
𝑎1
𝑎2
= 𝑉
𝑥𝑥
−1
𝑉′
𝑦𝑥
𝑏 = 𝑦 − (𝑎1𝑥1 + 𝑎2𝑥1)
Calcul de 𝑎 :
On a, 𝑎 =
𝑎1
𝑎2
= 𝑉
𝑥𝑥
−1
𝑉′
𝑦𝑥
Avec :
𝑉
𝑥𝑥 =
𝑉(𝑥1) 𝑐𝑜𝑣(𝑥1, 𝑥2)
𝑐𝑜𝑣(𝑥1, 𝑥2) 𝑉(𝑥2)
𝑉
𝑥𝑥 =
27,24 0,92
0,92 0,24
𝑉
𝑥𝑥
−1
=
1
𝑑𝑒𝑡𝑉
𝑥𝑥
𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑉
𝑥𝑥
𝑑𝑒𝑡𝑉
𝑥𝑥 = 𝑑𝑒𝑡
27,24 0,92
0,92 0,24
= 27,24 × 0,24 − (0,92 × 0,92)
𝑑𝑒𝑡𝑉
𝑥𝑥 = 5,69
𝑉
𝑥𝑥
−1
=
1
5,69
0,24 −0,92
−0,92 0,24
=
0,04 −0,16
−0,16 4,78
Et 𝑉′
𝑦𝑥 =
𝑐𝑜𝑣(𝑦, 𝑥1)
𝑐𝑜𝑣(𝑦, 𝑥1)
=
18,04
1,04
Donc,
𝑎 =
𝑎1
𝑎2
=
0,04 −0,16
−0,16 4,78
18,04
1,04
𝑎 =
𝑎1
𝑎2
=
0,04 × 18,04 − 0,16 × 1,04
−0,16 × 18,04 + 4,78 × 1,04
𝑎 =
𝑎1
𝑎2
=
0,55
2,08
Alors,
𝑎1 = 0,55
Et,
𝑎2 = 2,08
Calcul de 𝑏 :
𝑏 = 𝑦 − (𝑎1𝑥1 + 𝑎2𝑥1)
𝑏 = 24,5 − (0,55 × 75,16 + 2,08 × 1,01)
𝑏 = −18,93
Donc, on obtient une droite linéaire qui est :
𝑦 = 0,55𝑥1 + 2,08𝑥2 − 18,93
LE COEFFICIENT DETERMINATION DE Y EXPLIQUE
PAR 𝒙𝟏 et 𝒙𝟐
On a, 𝑅2
𝑦𝑥1𝑥2
= 𝑅2 , le coefficient
𝑅2 =
𝑉
𝑦𝑥𝑎
𝑉
𝑦𝑦
Avec, 𝑉
𝑦𝑥 = 𝑐𝑜𝑣(𝑦, 𝑥1) 𝑐𝑜𝑣(𝑦, 𝑥2)
𝑉
𝑦𝑥 = 18,04 1,04
Et, 𝑎 =
0,55
2,08
𝑉
𝑦𝑥𝑎 = 18,04 1,04
0,55
2,08
𝑉
𝑦𝑥𝑎 = (18,04 × 0,55 + 1,04 × 2,08)
𝑉
𝑦𝑥𝑎 = 12,08
Et,
𝑉
𝑦𝑦 = 𝑉 𝑦 = 14,08
Donc,
𝑅2 =
12,08
14,08
= 0,85 = 85%
Intérpretation : 85% des informations utiles sur 𝑦 sont fornis par le
Modéle de regression linéaire.
85%
Annalyse de donnée sur l'astrophysique sur les galaxies

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Annalyse de donnée sur l'astrophysique sur les galaxies

  • 1. REPOBLIKAN’I MADAGASIKARA Fitiavana – Tanindrazana – Fandrosoana ------------------------------------- MINISTERE DE L’ENSEIGNEMENT SUPERIEUR ET DE LA RECHERCHE SCIENTIFIQUE ------------------------------------- UNIVERSITE D’ANTANANARIVO ------------------------------------- ECOLE SUPERIEURE POLYTECHNIQUE D’ANTANANARIVO ------------------------------------- DOMAINE : SCIENCES DE L’INGENIEUR ------------------------------------- GRADE : MASTER ------------------------------------- MENTION : INGENIERIE DES SYSTEMES AVANCES ------------------------------------- PARCOURS A VISEE DE RECHERCHE : INGENIERIE EN MECATRONIQUE ------------------------------------- TITRE : ANNALYSE DES DONNEES Présenté par : RAJAONISAONA Manoa Tsiky Fanantenana
  • 2.
  • 3.
  • 4. i 𝑦𝑖 𝑥1𝑖 𝑥2𝑖 𝑦𝑖 2 𝑥1𝑖 2 𝑥2𝑖 2 𝑦𝑖𝑥1𝑖 𝑦𝑖𝑥2𝑖 𝑥1𝑖𝑥2𝑖 1 30 84 1,1 900 7056 1,21 2520 33,0 92,4 2 20 71 1,0 400 5041 1,00 1420 20,0 71,0 3 24 71 1,8 576 5041 3,24 1704 45,2 127,8 4 18 65 0,8 324 4225 0,04 1170 14,4 52,0 5 26 80 0,9 676 6400 0,81 2080 23,4 72,0 6 24 74 0,6 576 5476 0,36 1776 14,4 44,4 7 26 76 0,7 676 5776 0,49 1976 18,2 53,2 8 20 68 0,2 400 4624 0,04 1360 4,0 13,6 9 30 80 2,0 900 6400 4,00 2400 60,0 160,0 10 22 75 0,6 484 5625 0,36 1650 13,2 45,0 11 28 78 1,4 784 6084 1,96 2184 39,2 109,2 12 26 77 1,0 676 5929 1,00 2002 26,0 77,0 somme 294 899 12,1 7372 67677 15,11 22242 309,0 917,6
  • 5. CALCUL MOYENNE La moyenne pour 𝑦 ∶ 𝑦 = 1 𝑛 𝑖=1 𝑛 𝑦𝑖 Donc, 𝑦 = 1 12 294 = 24,5 La moyenne pour 𝑥1: 𝑥1 = 1 𝑛 𝑖=1 𝑛 𝑥1𝑖 Donc, 𝑥1 = 1 12 899 = 75,16 La moyenne pour 𝑥2: 𝑥2 = 1 𝑛 𝑖=1 𝑛 𝑥2𝑖 Donc, 𝑥2 = 1 12 12,1 = 1,01
  • 6. CALCUL VARIANCE La variance pour 𝑦 ∶ 𝑉 𝑦 = 1 𝑛 𝑖=1 𝑛 (𝑦𝑖−𝑦) 2 = 1 𝑛 𝑖=1 𝑛 𝑦𝑖 2 − 𝑦 2 Donc, 𝑉 𝑦 = 1 12 (7372) − 24,52 = 14,08 La variance pour 𝑥1: 𝑉 𝑥1 = 1 𝑛 𝑖=1 𝑛 (𝑥1−𝑥1) 2 = 1 𝑛 𝑖=1 𝑛 𝑥1 2 − 𝑥1 2 Donc, 𝑉 𝑥1 = 1 12 (67677) − (75,16)2 = 27,24 La variance pour 𝑥2: 𝑉 𝑥2 = 1 𝑛 𝑖=1 𝑛 (𝑥2−𝑥2) 2 = 1 𝑛 𝑖=1 𝑛 𝑥2 2 − 𝑥2 2 Donc, 𝑉 𝑥2 = 1 12 (15,01) − 1,01 2 = 0,24
  • 7. CALCUL COVARIANCE La covariance entre 𝑦 et 𝑥1: cov y, 𝑥1 = 1 𝑛 𝑖=1 𝑛 𝑦𝑖 − 𝑦 𝑥1𝑖 − 𝑥1 = 1 𝑛 𝑖=1 𝑛 𝑦𝑖𝑥1𝑖 − 𝑦 𝑥1 Donc, cov y, 𝑥1 = 1 12 22242 − 24,5 × 75,16 = 18,04 La covariance entre 𝑦 et 𝑥2: cov y, 𝑥2 = 1 𝑛 𝑖=1 𝑛 𝑦𝑖 − 𝑦 𝑥2𝑖 − 𝑥2 = 1 𝑛 𝑖=1 𝑛 𝑦𝑖𝑥2𝑖 − 𝑦 𝑥2 Donc, cov y, 𝑥2 = 1 12 309,0 − 24,5 × 1,01 = 1,04
  • 8. La covariance entre 𝑥1 et 𝑥2: cov 𝑥1 , 𝑥2 = 1 𝑛 𝑖=1 𝑛 𝑥1𝑖 − 𝑥1 𝑥2𝑖 − 𝑥2 = 1 𝑛 𝑖=1 𝑛 𝑥1𝑖𝑥2𝑖 − 𝑥1𝑥2 Donc, cov y, 𝑥2 = 1 12 917,6 − 75,16 × 1,01 = 0,92
  • 9. LA MATRICE DE VARIANCES-COVARIANCES 𝑉 = 𝑉 = 𝑉(𝑦) 𝑐𝑜𝑣(𝑦, 𝑥1) 𝑐𝑜𝑣(𝑦, 𝑥2) 𝑐𝑜𝑣(𝑦, 𝑥1) 𝑉(𝑥1) 𝑐𝑜𝑣(𝑥1, 𝑥2) 𝑐𝑜𝑣(𝑦, 𝑥2) 𝑐𝑜𝑣(𝑥1, 𝑥2) 𝑉(𝑥2) 𝑉 = 14,08 18,04 1,04 18,04 27,24 0,92 1,04 0,92 0,24 𝑉(𝑦) 𝑉(𝑥1) 𝑉(𝑥2) 𝑉(𝑦) … … … 𝑉(𝑥1) … … … 𝑉(𝑥2) … … …
  • 10. CALCUL CORRELATION La corrélation entre 𝑦 et 𝑥1: 𝑟𝑦,𝑥1 = 𝑐𝑜𝑣(𝑦, 𝑥1) 𝜎𝑦𝜎𝑥1 Donc, 𝑟𝑦,𝑥1 = 18,04 14,08 27,24 = 0,92 La corrélation entre 𝑦 et 𝑥2: 𝑟𝑦,𝑥2 = 𝑐𝑜𝑣(𝑦, 𝑥2) 𝜎𝑦𝜎𝑥2 Donc, 𝑟𝑦,𝑥2 = 1,04 14,08 0,24 = 0,56 La corrélation entre 𝑥1et 𝑥2: 𝑟𝑥1,𝑥2 = 𝑐𝑜𝑣(𝑥1, 𝑥2) 𝜎𝑥1𝜎𝑥2 Donc, 𝑟𝑥1,𝑥2 = 0,92 27,24 0,24 = 0,36
  • 11. LA MATRICE DE CORRELATION 𝑀𝐶 = 𝑉 = 1 𝑟𝑦,𝑥1 𝑟𝑦,𝑥2 𝑟𝑦,𝑥1 1 𝑟𝑥1,𝑥2 𝑟𝑦,𝑥2 𝑟𝑥1,𝑥2 1 𝑉 = 1 0,92 0,56 0,92 1 0,36 0,56 0,36 1 𝑉(𝑦) 𝑉(𝑥1) 𝑉(𝑥2) 𝑉(𝑦) … … … 𝑉(𝑥1) … … … 𝑉(𝑥2) … … …
  • 12. DETERMINATION DES VALEURS PROPRES Tel que: 𝑦 = 𝑎1𝑥1 + 𝑎2𝑥2 + 𝑏 La matrice V peut etre representé comme une matrice en bloc 𝑉 = 𝑉(𝑦) 𝑐𝑜𝑣(𝑦, 𝑥1) 𝑐𝑜𝑣(𝑦, 𝑥2) 𝑐𝑜𝑣(𝑦, 𝑥1) 𝑉(𝑥1) 𝑐𝑜𝑣(𝑥1, 𝑥2) 𝑐𝑜𝑣(𝑦, 𝑥2) 𝑐𝑜𝑣(𝑥1, 𝑥2) 𝑉(𝑥2) 𝑉 = 𝑉 𝑦𝑦 𝑉 𝑦𝑥 𝑉 𝑦𝑥 ′ 𝑉 𝑥𝑥
  • 13. 𝑎 = 𝑎1 𝑎2 = 𝑉 𝑥𝑥 −1 𝑉′ 𝑦𝑥 𝑏 = 𝑦 − (𝑎1𝑥1 + 𝑎2𝑥1) Calcul de 𝑎 : On a, 𝑎 = 𝑎1 𝑎2 = 𝑉 𝑥𝑥 −1 𝑉′ 𝑦𝑥 Avec : 𝑉 𝑥𝑥 = 𝑉(𝑥1) 𝑐𝑜𝑣(𝑥1, 𝑥2) 𝑐𝑜𝑣(𝑥1, 𝑥2) 𝑉(𝑥2) 𝑉 𝑥𝑥 = 27,24 0,92 0,92 0,24
  • 14. 𝑉 𝑥𝑥 −1 = 1 𝑑𝑒𝑡𝑉 𝑥𝑥 𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑉 𝑥𝑥 𝑑𝑒𝑡𝑉 𝑥𝑥 = 𝑑𝑒𝑡 27,24 0,92 0,92 0,24 = 27,24 × 0,24 − (0,92 × 0,92) 𝑑𝑒𝑡𝑉 𝑥𝑥 = 5,69 𝑉 𝑥𝑥 −1 = 1 5,69 0,24 −0,92 −0,92 0,24 = 0,04 −0,16 −0,16 4,78 Et 𝑉′ 𝑦𝑥 = 𝑐𝑜𝑣(𝑦, 𝑥1) 𝑐𝑜𝑣(𝑦, 𝑥1) = 18,04 1,04
  • 15. Donc, 𝑎 = 𝑎1 𝑎2 = 0,04 −0,16 −0,16 4,78 18,04 1,04 𝑎 = 𝑎1 𝑎2 = 0,04 × 18,04 − 0,16 × 1,04 −0,16 × 18,04 + 4,78 × 1,04 𝑎 = 𝑎1 𝑎2 = 0,55 2,08 Alors, 𝑎1 = 0,55 Et, 𝑎2 = 2,08
  • 16. Calcul de 𝑏 : 𝑏 = 𝑦 − (𝑎1𝑥1 + 𝑎2𝑥1) 𝑏 = 24,5 − (0,55 × 75,16 + 2,08 × 1,01) 𝑏 = −18,93 Donc, on obtient une droite linéaire qui est : 𝑦 = 0,55𝑥1 + 2,08𝑥2 − 18,93
  • 17. LE COEFFICIENT DETERMINATION DE Y EXPLIQUE PAR 𝒙𝟏 et 𝒙𝟐 On a, 𝑅2 𝑦𝑥1𝑥2 = 𝑅2 , le coefficient 𝑅2 = 𝑉 𝑦𝑥𝑎 𝑉 𝑦𝑦 Avec, 𝑉 𝑦𝑥 = 𝑐𝑜𝑣(𝑦, 𝑥1) 𝑐𝑜𝑣(𝑦, 𝑥2) 𝑉 𝑦𝑥 = 18,04 1,04 Et, 𝑎 = 0,55 2,08
  • 18. 𝑉 𝑦𝑥𝑎 = 18,04 1,04 0,55 2,08 𝑉 𝑦𝑥𝑎 = (18,04 × 0,55 + 1,04 × 2,08) 𝑉 𝑦𝑥𝑎 = 12,08 Et, 𝑉 𝑦𝑦 = 𝑉 𝑦 = 14,08 Donc, 𝑅2 = 12,08 14,08 = 0,85 = 85%
  • 19. Intérpretation : 85% des informations utiles sur 𝑦 sont fornis par le Modéle de regression linéaire. 85%