1. HYPERSIM is a real-time power system simulator developed through a collaboration between IREQ, RTE, China State Grid, and OPAL-RT to model power systems and power electronics from nanoseconds to milliseconds.
2. It is designed for power system engineers to simulate large EMT models in parallel on supercomputers, and integrate with other simulators like ePHASORsim and eMEGAsim.
3. HYPERSIM includes modeling, visualization, automation, and reporting tools and can interface with hardware in the loop controllers for applications like large scale wind power integration studies.
ePHASORsim is a real-time transient stability simulation tool that can simulate large power systems with thousands of nodes using a phasor domain solution with time-steps in the range of milliseconds. It can run simulations both offline and in real-time on RT-LAB enabled simulators. It has a variety of features including modeling of transmission and distribution systems, flexible data input formats, on-the-fly parameter changes, measurements and monitoring, parallel processing, and support for communication protocols and functional mock-up interface. It has been used for applications such as operator training, wide area monitoring, state estimation, and automatic control.
OPAL-RT | Setup and Performance of a Combined Hardware-in-loop and Software-i...OPAL-RT TECHNOLOGIES
1. The document describes a combined hardware-in-loop (HIL) and software-in-loop (SIL) test for an MMC-HVDC control and protection system using a real-time simulator.
2. The test setup involves using FPGAs to simulate the low-level valve controller in the pole controller hardware, while simulating the rest of the grid and MMC station.
3. Test results demonstrated the start and stop sequence of the MMC, its real power step response, and capacitor voltage balancing worked as specified.
E.ON Energy Research Center builds first interface between OPAL-RT and RTDS Technologies real-time simulators, opens new collaborative research opportunities
The OP1200, Lab-Scale Modular Multilevel Converters Test Bench, is dedicated to the hardware verification of new control algorithms for new and existing power electronic converter topologies. It is used for experimental work on converter interactions and network control.
2017 Atlanta Regional User Seminar - Real-Time Microgrid DemosOPAL-RT TECHNOLOGIES
This document discusses challenges in simulating distributed energy resources and microgrids in real-time including bidirectional power flow, integration of new technologies, controls, islanding operations, and communication networks. It also describes a real-time hardware-in-the-loop simulation platform that models a microgrid test system containing generators, loads, energy storage and PV to evaluate commercial microgrid controllers under different operating conditions and grid connection scenarios.
1. HYPERSIM is a real-time power system simulator developed through a collaboration between IREQ, RTE, China State Grid, and OPAL-RT to model power systems and power electronics from nanoseconds to milliseconds.
2. It is designed for power system engineers to simulate large EMT models in parallel on supercomputers, and integrate with other simulators like ePHASORsim and eMEGAsim.
3. HYPERSIM includes modeling, visualization, automation, and reporting tools and can interface with hardware in the loop controllers for applications like large scale wind power integration studies.
ePHASORsim is a real-time transient stability simulation tool that can simulate large power systems with thousands of nodes using a phasor domain solution with time-steps in the range of milliseconds. It can run simulations both offline and in real-time on RT-LAB enabled simulators. It has a variety of features including modeling of transmission and distribution systems, flexible data input formats, on-the-fly parameter changes, measurements and monitoring, parallel processing, and support for communication protocols and functional mock-up interface. It has been used for applications such as operator training, wide area monitoring, state estimation, and automatic control.
OPAL-RT | Setup and Performance of a Combined Hardware-in-loop and Software-i...OPAL-RT TECHNOLOGIES
1. The document describes a combined hardware-in-loop (HIL) and software-in-loop (SIL) test for an MMC-HVDC control and protection system using a real-time simulator.
2. The test setup involves using FPGAs to simulate the low-level valve controller in the pole controller hardware, while simulating the rest of the grid and MMC station.
3. Test results demonstrated the start and stop sequence of the MMC, its real power step response, and capacitor voltage balancing worked as specified.
E.ON Energy Research Center builds first interface between OPAL-RT and RTDS Technologies real-time simulators, opens new collaborative research opportunities
The OP1200, Lab-Scale Modular Multilevel Converters Test Bench, is dedicated to the hardware verification of new control algorithms for new and existing power electronic converter topologies. It is used for experimental work on converter interactions and network control.
2017 Atlanta Regional User Seminar - Real-Time Microgrid DemosOPAL-RT TECHNOLOGIES
This document discusses challenges in simulating distributed energy resources and microgrids in real-time including bidirectional power flow, integration of new technologies, controls, islanding operations, and communication networks. It also describes a real-time hardware-in-the-loop simulation platform that models a microgrid test system containing generators, loads, energy storage and PV to evaluate commercial microgrid controllers under different operating conditions and grid connection scenarios.
Le fait d'ajouter plus d'informations (description, mots-clés, catégorie) permet de rendre votre contenu plus facile à trouver. Plus vous ajoutez des informations, plus votre contenu est facile à trouver.
Detailed large-scale real-time HYPERSIM EMT simulation for transient stabilit...OPAL-RT TECHNOLOGIES
Towards cloud-based real-time HIL for wide-area special control and protection system testing
Presented by: Jean Belanger, President and CTO of OPAL-RT TECHNOLOGIES
Abstract: High penetration of inverter-based Distributed Energy Resources (DERs), widespread installation of FACTS and HVDC interconnection systems, and the decommissioning of thermal and nuclear plants are significantly reducing inertia in large-scale power systems. Fast power-electronics based control and protection schemes act to stabilize these systems, but they are sensitive to harmonics, transients, and system imbalances. It has been shown that simplified positive-sequence RMS models alone are insufficient for Transient Stability Assessment (TSA) of large-scale, low-inertia power grids. Therefore, utilities and regulators such as NERC, as well as professional associations such as CIGRE and IEEE, have begun investigating detailed EMT simulation to assess the transient stability of large-scale, low-inertia power grids that include power-electronic plant controllers.
However, detailed EMT simulation of large-scale power grids for 20 to 30 second time-frames and hundreds of contingencies presents a number of computational and analytic challenges including excessive simulation time, large-scale grid data management and the unavailability of detailed and validated models of power-electronic plant controllers. Furthermore, these plant controllers, if they are provided by OEMs, are in the form of blackbox, pre-compiled DLLs, which are implemented for specific simulation tools, without any interoperability standard.
This presentation will describe OPAL-RT solutions to achieve very large-scale, detailed grid EMT simulation in real-time for Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) / Software-in-the-Loop (SIL) control and protection testing, as well as quasi-real-time simulation for fast TSA evaluation of large-scale, low-inertia power systems. With these solutions, blackboxcontrol and protection systems can be implemented natively in the EMT simulation tool, HYPERSIM. PSCAD DLLs can also be co-simulated with HYPERSIM using a software interface based on the CIGRE model-interoperability guidelines.
Such advances will accelerate connection studies and can be used to implement cloud-native tools to help operators assess system stability with hundreds of contingencies in 5-to 10-minute time-frames. This performance can be achieved for grids having several thousand busses with a 50-microsecond time-step using a few hundred processors.
As HYPERSIM runs under Windows or LINUX, powerful cloud-based applications can be implemented for TSA and to test wide area control and protection systems using SIL or HIL with real control and protection software and hardware. Communication system emulators, such as eXata can also be used to analyze cyber-attacks and countermeasures as well as to evaluate the effect of communication failures and delays on system performance.
Learn more at www.opal-rt.com
OPAL-RT held their Regional User Seminar in Atlanta, GA on February 15th, 2017. Presentations from the seminar will be made available on their FTP site in the coming days. Upcoming events in both the US and Canada were also announced, including the 4th International Grid Simulator Testing Workshop in April 2017, CPES Annual Conference in Virginia in April 2017, and OPAL-RT's User Group Conference #RT17 in Montreal, Canada from September 5-8, 2017. Attendees were asked to complete a survey about the seminar before leaving.
Contenu connexe
Similaire à Challenges of Parallel Simulation of Power Systems_french
Le fait d'ajouter plus d'informations (description, mots-clés, catégorie) permet de rendre votre contenu plus facile à trouver. Plus vous ajoutez des informations, plus votre contenu est facile à trouver.
Detailed large-scale real-time HYPERSIM EMT simulation for transient stabilit...OPAL-RT TECHNOLOGIES
Towards cloud-based real-time HIL for wide-area special control and protection system testing
Presented by: Jean Belanger, President and CTO of OPAL-RT TECHNOLOGIES
Abstract: High penetration of inverter-based Distributed Energy Resources (DERs), widespread installation of FACTS and HVDC interconnection systems, and the decommissioning of thermal and nuclear plants are significantly reducing inertia in large-scale power systems. Fast power-electronics based control and protection schemes act to stabilize these systems, but they are sensitive to harmonics, transients, and system imbalances. It has been shown that simplified positive-sequence RMS models alone are insufficient for Transient Stability Assessment (TSA) of large-scale, low-inertia power grids. Therefore, utilities and regulators such as NERC, as well as professional associations such as CIGRE and IEEE, have begun investigating detailed EMT simulation to assess the transient stability of large-scale, low-inertia power grids that include power-electronic plant controllers.
However, detailed EMT simulation of large-scale power grids for 20 to 30 second time-frames and hundreds of contingencies presents a number of computational and analytic challenges including excessive simulation time, large-scale grid data management and the unavailability of detailed and validated models of power-electronic plant controllers. Furthermore, these plant controllers, if they are provided by OEMs, are in the form of blackbox, pre-compiled DLLs, which are implemented for specific simulation tools, without any interoperability standard.
This presentation will describe OPAL-RT solutions to achieve very large-scale, detailed grid EMT simulation in real-time for Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) / Software-in-the-Loop (SIL) control and protection testing, as well as quasi-real-time simulation for fast TSA evaluation of large-scale, low-inertia power systems. With these solutions, blackboxcontrol and protection systems can be implemented natively in the EMT simulation tool, HYPERSIM. PSCAD DLLs can also be co-simulated with HYPERSIM using a software interface based on the CIGRE model-interoperability guidelines.
Such advances will accelerate connection studies and can be used to implement cloud-native tools to help operators assess system stability with hundreds of contingencies in 5-to 10-minute time-frames. This performance can be achieved for grids having several thousand busses with a 50-microsecond time-step using a few hundred processors.
As HYPERSIM runs under Windows or LINUX, powerful cloud-based applications can be implemented for TSA and to test wide area control and protection systems using SIL or HIL with real control and protection software and hardware. Communication system emulators, such as eXata can also be used to analyze cyber-attacks and countermeasures as well as to evaluate the effect of communication failures and delays on system performance.
Learn more at www.opal-rt.com
OPAL-RT held their Regional User Seminar in Atlanta, GA on February 15th, 2017. Presentations from the seminar will be made available on their FTP site in the coming days. Upcoming events in both the US and Canada were also announced, including the 4th International Grid Simulator Testing Workshop in April 2017, CPES Annual Conference in Virginia in April 2017, and OPAL-RT's User Group Conference #RT17 in Montreal, Canada from September 5-8, 2017. Attendees were asked to complete a survey about the seminar before leaving.
2017 Atlanta Regional User Seminar - Using OPAL-RT Real-Time Simulation and H...OPAL-RT TECHNOLOGIES
This document summarizes a presentation given by Shuhui Li at an Opal-RT user seminar on February 15, 2017 in Atlanta, GA. The presentation covered Li's research using Opal-RT real-time simulation and hardware-in-the-loop systems for power and energy systems at the University of Alabama. Specific topics included solar energy conversion and grid integration, electric vehicle charging stations, microgrid control, interior permanent magnet motor control for EVs, and an NSF-funded research center on efficient vehicles. Real-time simulation and hardware experiments were shown for various applications including solar PV systems, energy storage, electric vehicle charging, and inverter control for grid-connected microgrids and permanent magnet synchronous motors.
2017 Atlanta Regional User Seminar - Virtualizing Industrial Control Systems ...OPAL-RT TECHNOLOGIES
This document discusses virtualizing industrial control systems to create testbeds for cybersecurity research. It describes creating a high-fidelity virtual copy of a physical SCADA system and comparing results between the physical and virtual testbeds under normal and attack conditions. As an example, it details virtualizing a gas pipeline testbed that includes sensors, actuators, a programmable logic controller and human-machine interface. It also discusses expanding the virtual gas pipeline testbed and virtualizing additional systems like a water storage tank and power system using the same approach.
2017 Atlanta Regional User Seminar - Residential Battery Storage Systems. Des...OPAL-RT TECHNOLOGIES
Sonnen is a leading manufacturer of residential battery storage systems in Europe and the US. They use Opal-RT hardware-in-the-loop systems to test the dynamic operation of bi-directional inverters, optimize battery charging and discharging algorithms using real weather and demand data, validate and test new software releases, and develop algorithms to monitor battery health by measuring impedance. The Opal-RT systems allow accelerated testing without external hardware.
2017 Atlanta Regional User Seminar - Real-Time Volt/Var Optimization Scheme f...OPAL-RT TECHNOLOGIES
This presentation discusses real-time optimization schemes for distribution systems with high PV integration. It proposes using PV inverter reactive power control to minimize voltage deviations and power losses. A day-ahead optimization determines inverter VARs, OLTC taps, and capacitor states. An online control adjusts inverter VARs in real-time to compensate for forecast errors. Case studies show the approach reduces objective function values. Distributed control algorithms using multiple embedded controllers communicating over a network are also investigated through real-time simulation.
The document summarizes the agenda for OPAL-RT's Regional User Seminar in Atlanta, GA on February 15th, 2017. It includes panels on real-time power system simulation, partner technology overviews, hardware-in-the-loop applications, and real-time microgrid demos. It also provides updates on OPAL-RT's expansion in Latin America, research collaborations in the US, involvement in an aircraft technology project in Canada, and new product features and releases.
In this webinar, learn how OPAL-RT's state-of-the-art Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) simulation solutions empower engineers to design and test ECUs, and other integrated power electronic systems and controllers, with efficiency.
This document summarizes a webinar about cybersecurity for power grids. It introduces OPAL-RT, a company that provides real-time digital simulators for power systems. It then discusses how modern power grids are vulnerable to cyberattacks as they incorporate more intelligent technologies. The rest of the webinar focuses on how real-time simulation can be used to assess cybersecurity risks, research attack mitigation systems, and test compliance with new standards. Speakers from OPAL-RT and the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory discuss their work using real-time simulation for cybersecurity applications.
This document summarizes a presentation by Guillaume Boué of OPAL-RT on their rapid control prototyping solutions. The presentation covers an introduction to OPAL-RT, why rapid control prototyping is useful, OPAL-RT technology including their real-time computers and software interface, application highlights in areas like electric motor drives and modular multilevel converters, and a question and answer section. Key benefits outlined are finding errors early to reduce costs, easily building and tweaking control designs in real-time, and efficiently addressing power electronics, electric drive, and power systems challenges.
RT15 Berkeley | Introduction to FPGA Power Electronic & Electric Machine real...OPAL-RT TECHNOLOGIES
FPGA simulation provides high-fidelity models for hardware-in-the-loop testing of electric machines and power electronics. It allows control algorithms to be tested with highly resolved non-ideal behaviors faster and at lower cost compared to physical testing. The document discusses how eFPGAsim utilizes FPGA technologies to simulate electric drive systems with models exported from finite element analysis, improving collaboration between design and control engineers.
RT15 Berkeley | Real-time simulation as a prime tool for Cybersecurity - OPAL-RTOPAL-RT TECHNOLOGIES
1. Real-time simulation is useful for testing cybersecurity of modern power systems which rely on complex controls and protection systems.
2. Distribution systems are becoming as complex as transmission networks due to renewable energy, power electronics, and wide-area control systems, making security and performance reliant on testing of integrated controls.
3. Cybersecurity risks to power systems include threats like human error or hackers exploiting vulnerabilities in design flaws, system complexity, or testing limitations, which could have consequences like economic losses or equipment damage.
RT15 Berkeley | OPAL-RT Solutions for Microgrid ApplicationsOPAL-RT TECHNOLOGIES
This document discusses OPAL-RT's solution for microgrid applications real-time simulation. It addresses challenges in simulating large power systems and ensuring accuracy of power electronics circuits. OPAL-RT's State Space Nodal method allows simulation of large power distribution systems across multiple processors without affecting system behavior. It also supports accurate power electronics simulation from medium-speed to high-speed controllers using various OPAL-RT tools. The document demonstrates these capabilities through a live demo of a microgrid system.
RT15 Berkeley | ARTEMiS-SSN Features for Micro-grid / Renewable Energy Sourc...OPAL-RT TECHNOLOGIES
This document discusses using real-time simulation technologies to test phasor measurement units (PMUs) and PMU applications. It outlines different solvers for real-time simulation, including real-time phasor simulation and real-time electromagnetic transient simulation. It also discusses communication protocols supported by real-time simulators like IEC 61850 and IEEE C37.118. Examples are provided of how real-time simulation has been used to test PMUs and develop wide-area monitoring, protection, and control systems.
RT15 Berkeley | Requirements on Power Amplifiers and HIL Real-Time Processors...OPAL-RT TECHNOLOGIES
The document discusses the requirements for power amplifiers and hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) real-time processors in implementing power HIL test benches. It notes that sampling rates need to be considered between the signal source and amplifier to accurately reproduce waveforms. Delays between components also impact phase shift and whether open or closed-loop systems will remain stable. The key factors that determine suitable setups are the signal frequency and processing delays of different hardware options like FPGAs and CPUs.
RT15 Berkeley | Real-Time Simulation of A Modular Multilevel Converter Based ...OPAL-RT TECHNOLOGIES
The document presents a real-time simulation of a modular multilevel converter (MMC) based hybrid energy storage system (HESS) using a battery and ultracapacitor (UC). The proposed MMC HESS offers advantages over traditional HESS topologies like higher efficiency, reliability, and comparable cost. It allows independent control of power from the battery and UC. Real-time simulation results validate the control framework and show the MMC output voltage and HESS smoothing of PV power fluctuations.
RT15 Berkeley | Power HIL Simulator (SimP) A prototype to develop a high band...OPAL-RT TECHNOLOGIES
This document discusses the development of a prototype high bandwidth power interface called a Power Simulator (SimP). The prototype aims to validate control algorithms and develop a stable interface between a power amplifier and real-time power system simulator. Key aspects of the prototype include a self-powered multi-level converter prototype, controller design, and interfacing the converter with a real-time simulator to test equipment performance and simulation models in a closed loop. The prototype will help inform the design of a full-scale Power Simulator for testing smart grid and renewable energy technologies.
2. 22
Plan de la présentation
1 2 3 4
Introduction Défis
Grands
réseaux
Problématique
3. 33
Plan de la présentation
1 2 3 4
Introduction Défis
Grands
réseaux
Problématique
4. 44
La simulation des systèmes de puissance
Introduction
Étude des réseaux Prototypage de contrôleurs
Étude des transitoires Scénarios de défauts
5. 55
La simulation des systems de puissance
ePHASORsim
Real-Time Transient
Stability Simulator
10 ms time step
HYPERsim
Large Scale Power System
Simulation for Utilities & Manufacturers
25 µs to 100 µs time step
eFPGAsim
Power Electronics Simulation on FPGA
1 µs to 100 ns time step
1 s
(1 Hz)
10,000
2,000
1,000
500
100
10
0
10 ms
(100 Hz)
50 µs
(20 KHz)
10 µs
(100 KHz)
1µs
(1 MHz)
100 ns
(10 MHz)
10 ns
(100 MHz)
20,000
Période (fréquence fondamentale) des transitoires
Nombre de bus
eMEGAsim
Power System & Power Electronics Simulation
Based on Matlab/Simulink and SimPowerSystems
10 µs to 100 µs time step
Introduction
Domaine des phases
Domaine du temps
6. 66
Introduction
L’intérêt d’exécuter la simulation en temps réel est de pouvoir connecter un dispositif physique
Hôte
Contrôleur numérique
Simulateur en temps réel
7. 77
Introduction
Il y a 15-20 ans, les simulateurs faits de
grappes d’ordinateurs était une révolution
Simulateurs HIL
OP5607 (Virtex 7)
OP4500 (Kintex 7)
La puissance de calcul des PC aujourd’hui
ne suffit plus et on retrouve de plus en plus
des FPGA dans les simulateurs
8. 88
Plan de la présentation
1 2 3 4
Introduction Défis
Grands
réseaux
Problématique
9. 99
Problématique
Dans un simulateur en temps réel, un contrôleur physique est directement relié au simulateur. Pour que la
simulation soit réaliste, la boucle de simulation doit être la plus rapide possible (quelques μs).
Électronique de puisse/moteurContrôleur physique
PWM pulse
Analog V/I
Hall Effect
10. 1010
Problématique
• Les avancées technologiques dans l’électronique de
puissance permettent aujourd’hui la commutation rapide
des convertisseurs de puissance (10kHz to 100kHz)
• Ces fréquences offrent beaucoup d’avantages au système
de puissance, meilleure densité de puissance, distortion
harmonique réduite, etc.
• Ces fréquences de commutation sont cependant très
contraignantes pour les simulateurs en temps réel puisque
les pas de calcul doivent être de l’ordre de la μs et moins.
0 5 10 15 20
-0.5
0
0.5
1
1.5
1 kHz PWM (UA)
Logiclevel
Time (ms)
0 5 10 15 20
-20
0
20
Load currents
Current(A)
Time (ms)
0
-0.5
0
0.5
1
1.5
Logiclevel
0
-20
0
20
Current(A)
0 5 10 15 20
-0.5
0
0.5
1
1.5
1 kHz PWM (UA)
Logiclevel
Time (ms)
0 5 10 15 20
-20
0
20
Load currents
Current(A)
Time (ms)
0 5 10 15 20
-0.5
0
0.5
1
1.5
20 kHz PWM (UA)
Logiclevel
Time (ms)
0 5 10 15 20
-20
0
20
Load currents
Current(A)
Time (ms)
11. 1111
Problématique
• Seuls les FPGA permetent aujourd’hui de réaliser une
simulation en temps réel avec une telle contrainte de
temps
• Néanmoins, plusieurs défis doivent être résolus pour
parvenir à ce résultats! (et plus encore pour en faire un
produit commercial)
Physical controller
PWM pulse
Simulated plant
FPGA
12. 1212
Plan de la présentation
1 2 3 4 5
Introduction Défis
Quelques
Solutions
Problématique
6
Q&A
Grands
réseaux
13. 1313
Défis
• Quelques défis techniques:
• Format des nombres: virgule flottante (FP) vs. virgule fixe (FXP)
• Latence des opérateurs FP a impact sur le pas de calcul
• Fréquence d’horloge, comment l’augmenter sans pénalité de latence
• Modélisation des convertisseurs de puissance
• Quelques défis “pratiques”:
• Les FPGA sont difficiles à programmer, il faut avoir des connaissances en
conception numérique (le client est un spécialiste des systems de
puissance)
• Le temps de programmation et de reprogrammtion est lent, il ne faut pas
pénaliser le temps de prototypage
18. 1818
Solutions aux défis pratiques
• Architecture fixe générique
Faite de mémoire embarquée,
reprogrammable depuis le CPU
19. 1919
Solutions aux défis pratiques
Workflow
Host Computer
(Console)
Design Power
Electronics Circuit
Real-Time
Simulator
Execute the CPU Model
FPGA
Execute the power
converter model on FPGA
No hardware design
skills required
No reprogramming
No bitstream generation
Physical
controller
HIL Simulation
20. 2020
Plan de la présentation
1 2 3 4
Introduction Défis
Grands
réseaux
Problématique
21. 2121
Simulation des grands réseaux
Ligne HVDC
MMC 2MMC 1
1GW
± 320 kV
C = 10mF
Larm = 50mH
C = 10mF
Larm = 50mH
Bypass
breaker 1
Rstart = 100Ω
Bypass
breaker 2
Rstart = 100Ω70 km DC cable
1 2 12
Main ac
breaker 1
Main ac
breaker 2
AC EQ.
SRC1
AC EQ.
SRC2
CPU #1:
Eq. Source no 1
CPU #2: VSC-MMC Station no. 1 CPU #3: VSC-MMC Station no. 2
CPU #4:
Eq. Source no 2
Low Level
Control
CPU #6: Inverter Control
Upper Level
Control
Upper Level
Control
CPU #5: Rectifier Control
Low Level
Control
Convertisseurs MMC
Simulés sur deux FPGA
22. 2222
Simulation des grands réseaux
Structure du MMC
400 SM
équivaut à 9600
semiconducteurs
Architecture du
solveur MMC
23. 2323
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5
-0.2
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
1.6
vua(pu)
time (s)
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5
-4
-3
-2
-1
0
1
2
3
4
5
iua(pu)
time (s)
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
VctotupA(pu)
time (s)
CPU MMC
FPGA MMC
Simulation des grands réseaux
Concordance avec le modèle de référence
24. 2424
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5
-0.2
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
1.6
vua(pu)
time (s)
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5
-4
-3
-2
-1
0
1
2
3
4
5
iua(pu)
time (s)
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
VctotupA(pu)
time (s)
CPU MMC
FPGA MMC
Simulation des grands réseaux
Concordance avec le modèle de référence
25. 2525
2.44 2.46 2.48 2.5 2.52 2.54 2.56
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
vua(pu)
time (s)
2.45 2.46 2.47 2.48 2.49 2.5 2.51 2.52 2.53 2.54 2.55
-1.2
-1
-0.8
-0.6
-0.4
-0.2
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
iua(pu)
time (s)
2.45 2.46 2.47 2.48 2.49 2.5 2.51 2.52 2.53 2.54 2.55
370
380
390
400
410
420
430
440
450
VctotupA(pu)
time (s)
CPU HVDC
FPGA HVDC
Simulation des grands réseaux
Concordance avec le modèle de référence
26. 2626
Merci de votre attention
www.opal-rt.com
Acta est fabula
Contact:
Tarek Ould Bachir
Ingénieur R&D
tarek@opal-rt.com
Opal-RT Technologies