2024 State of Marketing Report – by HubspotMarius Sescu
https://www.hubspot.com/state-of-marketing
· Scaling relationships and proving ROI
· Social media is the place for search, sales, and service
· Authentic influencer partnerships fuel brand growth
· The strongest connections happen via call, click, chat, and camera.
· Time saved with AI leads to more creative work
· Seeking: A single source of truth
· TLDR; Get on social, try AI, and align your systems.
· More human marketing, powered by robots
ChatGPT is a revolutionary addition to the world since its introduction in 2022. A big shift in the sector of information gathering and processing happened because of this chatbot. What is the story of ChatGPT? How is the bot responding to prompts and generating contents? Swipe through these slides prepared by Expeed Software, a web development company regarding the development and technical intricacies of ChatGPT!
Product Design Trends in 2024 | Teenage EngineeringsPixeldarts
The realm of product design is a constantly changing environment where technology and style intersect. Every year introduces fresh challenges and exciting trends that mold the future of this captivating art form. In this piece, we delve into the significant trends set to influence the look and functionality of product design in the year 2024.
How Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental HealthThinkNow
Mental health has been in the news quite a bit lately. Dozens of U.S. states are currently suing Meta for contributing to the youth mental health crisis by inserting addictive features into their products, while the U.S. Surgeon General is touring the nation to bring awareness to the growing epidemic of loneliness and isolation. The country has endured periods of low national morale, such as in the 1970s when high inflation and the energy crisis worsened public sentiment following the Vietnam War. The current mood, however, feels different. Gallup recently reported that national mental health is at an all-time low, with few bright spots to lift spirits.
To better understand how Americans are feeling and their attitudes towards mental health in general, ThinkNow conducted a nationally representative quantitative survey of 1,500 respondents and found some interesting differences among ethnic, age and gender groups.
Technology
For example, 52% agree that technology and social media have a negative impact on mental health, but when broken out by race, 61% of Whites felt technology had a negative effect, and only 48% of Hispanics thought it did.
While technology has helped us keep in touch with friends and family in faraway places, it appears to have degraded our ability to connect in person. Staying connected online is a double-edged sword since the same news feed that brings us pictures of the grandkids and fluffy kittens also feeds us news about the wars in Israel and Ukraine, the dysfunction in Washington, the latest mass shooting and the climate crisis.
Hispanics may have a built-in defense against the isolation technology breeds, owing to their large, multigenerational households, strong social support systems, and tendency to use social media to stay connected with relatives abroad.
Age and Gender
When asked how individuals rate their mental health, men rate it higher than women by 11 percentage points, and Baby Boomers rank it highest at 83%, saying it’s good or excellent vs. 57% of Gen Z saying the same.
Gen Z spends the most amount of time on social media, so the notion that social media negatively affects mental health appears to be correlated. Unfortunately, Gen Z is also the generation that’s least comfortable discussing mental health concerns with healthcare professionals. Only 40% of them state they’re comfortable discussing their issues with a professional compared to 60% of Millennials and 65% of Boomers.
Race Affects Attitudes
As seen in previous research conducted by ThinkNow, Asian Americans lag other groups when it comes to awareness of mental health issues. Twenty-four percent of Asian Americans believe that having a mental health issue is a sign of weakness compared to the 16% average for all groups. Asians are also considerably less likely to be aware of mental health services in their communities (42% vs. 55%) and most likely to seek out information on social media (51% vs. 35%).
AI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdfmarketingartwork
This article is all about what AI trends will emerge in the field of creative operations in 2024. All the marketers and brand builders should be aware of these trends for their further use and save themselves some time!
2024 State of Marketing Report – by HubspotMarius Sescu
https://www.hubspot.com/state-of-marketing
· Scaling relationships and proving ROI
· Social media is the place for search, sales, and service
· Authentic influencer partnerships fuel brand growth
· The strongest connections happen via call, click, chat, and camera.
· Time saved with AI leads to more creative work
· Seeking: A single source of truth
· TLDR; Get on social, try AI, and align your systems.
· More human marketing, powered by robots
ChatGPT is a revolutionary addition to the world since its introduction in 2022. A big shift in the sector of information gathering and processing happened because of this chatbot. What is the story of ChatGPT? How is the bot responding to prompts and generating contents? Swipe through these slides prepared by Expeed Software, a web development company regarding the development and technical intricacies of ChatGPT!
Product Design Trends in 2024 | Teenage EngineeringsPixeldarts
The realm of product design is a constantly changing environment where technology and style intersect. Every year introduces fresh challenges and exciting trends that mold the future of this captivating art form. In this piece, we delve into the significant trends set to influence the look and functionality of product design in the year 2024.
How Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental HealthThinkNow
Mental health has been in the news quite a bit lately. Dozens of U.S. states are currently suing Meta for contributing to the youth mental health crisis by inserting addictive features into their products, while the U.S. Surgeon General is touring the nation to bring awareness to the growing epidemic of loneliness and isolation. The country has endured periods of low national morale, such as in the 1970s when high inflation and the energy crisis worsened public sentiment following the Vietnam War. The current mood, however, feels different. Gallup recently reported that national mental health is at an all-time low, with few bright spots to lift spirits.
To better understand how Americans are feeling and their attitudes towards mental health in general, ThinkNow conducted a nationally representative quantitative survey of 1,500 respondents and found some interesting differences among ethnic, age and gender groups.
Technology
For example, 52% agree that technology and social media have a negative impact on mental health, but when broken out by race, 61% of Whites felt technology had a negative effect, and only 48% of Hispanics thought it did.
While technology has helped us keep in touch with friends and family in faraway places, it appears to have degraded our ability to connect in person. Staying connected online is a double-edged sword since the same news feed that brings us pictures of the grandkids and fluffy kittens also feeds us news about the wars in Israel and Ukraine, the dysfunction in Washington, the latest mass shooting and the climate crisis.
Hispanics may have a built-in defense against the isolation technology breeds, owing to their large, multigenerational households, strong social support systems, and tendency to use social media to stay connected with relatives abroad.
Age and Gender
When asked how individuals rate their mental health, men rate it higher than women by 11 percentage points, and Baby Boomers rank it highest at 83%, saying it’s good or excellent vs. 57% of Gen Z saying the same.
Gen Z spends the most amount of time on social media, so the notion that social media negatively affects mental health appears to be correlated. Unfortunately, Gen Z is also the generation that’s least comfortable discussing mental health concerns with healthcare professionals. Only 40% of them state they’re comfortable discussing their issues with a professional compared to 60% of Millennials and 65% of Boomers.
Race Affects Attitudes
As seen in previous research conducted by ThinkNow, Asian Americans lag other groups when it comes to awareness of mental health issues. Twenty-four percent of Asian Americans believe that having a mental health issue is a sign of weakness compared to the 16% average for all groups. Asians are also considerably less likely to be aware of mental health services in their communities (42% vs. 55%) and most likely to seek out information on social media (51% vs. 35%).
AI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdfmarketingartwork
This article is all about what AI trends will emerge in the field of creative operations in 2024. All the marketers and brand builders should be aware of these trends for their further use and save themselves some time!
Le comité de filière ovin et les équipes de l’Institut de l’Elevage ont présenté lors d'un webinaire, comment la sélection génétique contribue aux enjeux actuels de la production ovine. Quelles sont les travaux en cours et les perspectives d’étude sur la brebis de demain.
Intervention : La génétique, un levier majeur pour les enjeux à venir (Mathieu Foucault)
L’équipe du projet BeBoP a proposé un webinaire le 30 mai 2024 pour découvrir comment la technologie vidéo, combinée à l’intelligence artificielle, se met au service de l’analyse du comportement des taurillons.
2024 03 27 JTC actualités C Perrot (idele).pdfidelewebmestre
Quelque que soit les secteurs de production, les pyramides des âges des agriculteurs français (chefs et coexploitants) présentent presque toujours un double déséquilibre : i) en faveur des classes d’âges à partir de 50-55 ans, ii) en défaveur des femmes, surtout de moins de 40 ans. Si le secteur caprin est une exception à cette règle, c’est principalement grâce aux producteurs qui transforment du lait à la ferme. Cette sous population présente le même équilibre, en classe d’âge et en sex ratio, que la population active française en emplois tous secteurs économiques confondus. C’est légèrement moins vrai pour les classes d’âge les plus jeunes (moins de 30 ans) : le métier d’éleveur.se est un métier d’indépendant alors que les jeunes actifs français sont salariés. Cet équilibre parfait du secteur caprin fermier s’explique par une forte attractivité. 40% des éleveur.se.s présents en 2020 s’étaient installés depuis 2010 ! Deux fois plus que dans les autres secteurs de l’élevage. Bien que pour l’instant stable (taux de remplacement des départs, entrées/sorties, proche de 100%), la sous population des éleveurs qui livrent du lait de chèvre est plus fragile. Compte tenu d’un très faible taux de renouvellement (nombre d’entrées/nombre de présents), elle vieillit et pourrait finir par diminuer. Néanmoins comme les besoins de recrutement sont bien moins élevés qu’en bovins lait par exemple, les marges de manoeuvre pour la filière semblent plus accessibles.
JTC_2024_TC Bâtiment et bien-être estival.pdfidelewebmestre
Le changement climatique s’exprime de plus en plus par la manifestation d’épisodes caniculaires et par la diminution de la ressource fourragère en été, ce qui contraint les éleveurs à rentrer leur troupeau plus fréquemment. Les animaux logés en bâtiment pendant la période estivale sont exposés à un stress thermique qui peut altérer leur bien-être et leurs performances à court et moyen terme. La conception du bâtiment ou certains équipements peuvent permettre de réduire ce stress pour assurer un meilleur confort aux animaux pendant les périodes de fortes chaleurs.
A report by thenetworkone and Kurio.
The contributing experts and agencies are (in an alphabetical order): Sylwia Rytel, Social Media Supervisor, 180heartbeats + JUNG v MATT (PL), Sharlene Jenner, Vice President - Director of Engagement Strategy, Abelson Taylor (USA), Alex Casanovas, Digital Director, Atrevia (ES), Dora Beilin, Senior Social Strategist, Barrett Hoffher (USA), Min Seo, Campaign Director, Brand New Agency (KR), Deshé M. Gully, Associate Strategist, Day One Agency (USA), Francesca Trevisan, Strategist, Different (IT), Trevor Crossman, CX and Digital Transformation Director; Olivia Hussey, Strategic Planner; Simi Srinarula, Social Media Manager, The Hallway (AUS), James Hebbert, Managing Director, Hylink (CN / UK), Mundy Álvarez, Planning Director; Pedro Rojas, Social Media Manager; Pancho González, CCO, Inbrax (CH), Oana Oprea, Head of Digital Planning, Jam Session Agency (RO), Amy Bottrill, Social Account Director, Launch (UK), Gaby Arriaga, Founder, Leonardo1452 (MX), Shantesh S Row, Creative Director, Liwa (UAE), Rajesh Mehta, Chief Strategy Officer; Dhruv Gaur, Digital Planning Lead; Leonie Mergulhao, Account Supervisor - Social Media & PR, Medulla (IN), Aurelija Plioplytė, Head of Digital & Social, Not Perfect (LI), Daiana Khaidargaliyeva, Account Manager, Osaka Labs (UK / USA), Stefanie Söhnchen, Vice President Digital, PIABO Communications (DE), Elisabeth Winiartati, Managing Consultant, Head of Global Integrated Communications; Lydia Aprina, Account Manager, Integrated Marketing and Communications; Nita Prabowo, Account Manager, Integrated Marketing and Communications; Okhi, Web Developer, PNTR Group (ID), Kei Obusan, Insights Director; Daffi Ranandi, Insights Manager, Radarr (SG), Gautam Reghunath, Co-founder & CEO, Talented (IN), Donagh Humphreys, Head of Social and Digital Innovation, THINKHOUSE (IRE), Sarah Yim, Strategy Director, Zulu Alpha Kilo (CA).
Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024Search Engine Journal
The search marketing landscape is evolving rapidly with new technologies, and professionals, like you, rely on innovative paid search strategies to meet changing demands.
It’s important that you’re ready to implement new strategies in 2024.
Check this out and learn the top trends in paid search advertising that are expected to gain traction, so you can drive higher ROI more efficiently in 2024.
You’ll learn:
- The latest trends in AI and automation, and what this means for an evolving paid search ecosystem.
- New developments in privacy and data regulation.
- Emerging ad formats that are expected to make an impact next year.
Watch Sreekant Lanka from iQuanti and Irina Klein from OneMain Financial as they dive into the future of paid search and explore the trends, strategies, and technologies that will shape the search marketing landscape.
If you’re looking to assess your paid search strategy and design an industry-aligned plan for 2024, then this webinar is for you.
5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summarySpeakerHub
From their humble beginnings in 1984, TED has grown into the world’s most powerful amplifier for speakers and thought-leaders to share their ideas. They have over 2,400 filmed talks (not including the 30,000+ TEDx videos) freely available online, and have hosted over 17,500 events around the world.
With over one billion views in a year, it’s no wonder that so many speakers are looking to TED for ideas on how to share their message more effectively.
The article “5 Public-Speaking Tips TED Gives Its Speakers”, by Carmine Gallo for Forbes, gives speakers five practical ways to connect with their audience, and effectively share their ideas on stage.
Whether you are gearing up to get on a TED stage yourself, or just want to master the skills that so many of their speakers possess, these tips and quotes from Chris Anderson, the TED Talks Curator, will encourage you to make the most impactful impression on your audience.
See the full article and more summaries like this on SpeakerHub here: https://speakerhub.com/blog/5-presentation-tips-ted-gives-its-speakers
See the original article on Forbes here:
http://www.forbes.com/forbes/welcome/?toURL=http://www.forbes.com/sites/carminegallo/2016/05/06/5-public-speaking-tips-ted-gives-its-speakers/&refURL=&referrer=#5c07a8221d9b
ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd Clark Boyd
Everyone is in agreement that ChatGPT (and other generative AI tools) will shape the future of work. Yet there is little consensus on exactly how, when, and to what extent this technology will change our world.
Businesses that extract maximum value from ChatGPT will use it as a collaborative tool for everything from brainstorming to technical maintenance.
For individuals, now is the time to pinpoint the skills the future professional will need to thrive in the AI age.
Check out this presentation to understand what ChatGPT is, how it will shape the future of work, and how you can prepare to take advantage.
Le comité de filière ovin et les équipes de l’Institut de l’Elevage ont présenté lors d'un webinaire, comment la sélection génétique contribue aux enjeux actuels de la production ovine. Quelles sont les travaux en cours et les perspectives d’étude sur la brebis de demain.
Intervention : La génétique, un levier majeur pour les enjeux à venir (Mathieu Foucault)
L’équipe du projet BeBoP a proposé un webinaire le 30 mai 2024 pour découvrir comment la technologie vidéo, combinée à l’intelligence artificielle, se met au service de l’analyse du comportement des taurillons.
2024 03 27 JTC actualités C Perrot (idele).pdfidelewebmestre
Quelque que soit les secteurs de production, les pyramides des âges des agriculteurs français (chefs et coexploitants) présentent presque toujours un double déséquilibre : i) en faveur des classes d’âges à partir de 50-55 ans, ii) en défaveur des femmes, surtout de moins de 40 ans. Si le secteur caprin est une exception à cette règle, c’est principalement grâce aux producteurs qui transforment du lait à la ferme. Cette sous population présente le même équilibre, en classe d’âge et en sex ratio, que la population active française en emplois tous secteurs économiques confondus. C’est légèrement moins vrai pour les classes d’âge les plus jeunes (moins de 30 ans) : le métier d’éleveur.se est un métier d’indépendant alors que les jeunes actifs français sont salariés. Cet équilibre parfait du secteur caprin fermier s’explique par une forte attractivité. 40% des éleveur.se.s présents en 2020 s’étaient installés depuis 2010 ! Deux fois plus que dans les autres secteurs de l’élevage. Bien que pour l’instant stable (taux de remplacement des départs, entrées/sorties, proche de 100%), la sous population des éleveurs qui livrent du lait de chèvre est plus fragile. Compte tenu d’un très faible taux de renouvellement (nombre d’entrées/nombre de présents), elle vieillit et pourrait finir par diminuer. Néanmoins comme les besoins de recrutement sont bien moins élevés qu’en bovins lait par exemple, les marges de manoeuvre pour la filière semblent plus accessibles.
JTC_2024_TC Bâtiment et bien-être estival.pdfidelewebmestre
Le changement climatique s’exprime de plus en plus par la manifestation d’épisodes caniculaires et par la diminution de la ressource fourragère en été, ce qui contraint les éleveurs à rentrer leur troupeau plus fréquemment. Les animaux logés en bâtiment pendant la période estivale sont exposés à un stress thermique qui peut altérer leur bien-être et leurs performances à court et moyen terme. La conception du bâtiment ou certains équipements peuvent permettre de réduire ce stress pour assurer un meilleur confort aux animaux pendant les périodes de fortes chaleurs.
A report by thenetworkone and Kurio.
The contributing experts and agencies are (in an alphabetical order): Sylwia Rytel, Social Media Supervisor, 180heartbeats + JUNG v MATT (PL), Sharlene Jenner, Vice President - Director of Engagement Strategy, Abelson Taylor (USA), Alex Casanovas, Digital Director, Atrevia (ES), Dora Beilin, Senior Social Strategist, Barrett Hoffher (USA), Min Seo, Campaign Director, Brand New Agency (KR), Deshé M. Gully, Associate Strategist, Day One Agency (USA), Francesca Trevisan, Strategist, Different (IT), Trevor Crossman, CX and Digital Transformation Director; Olivia Hussey, Strategic Planner; Simi Srinarula, Social Media Manager, The Hallway (AUS), James Hebbert, Managing Director, Hylink (CN / UK), Mundy Álvarez, Planning Director; Pedro Rojas, Social Media Manager; Pancho González, CCO, Inbrax (CH), Oana Oprea, Head of Digital Planning, Jam Session Agency (RO), Amy Bottrill, Social Account Director, Launch (UK), Gaby Arriaga, Founder, Leonardo1452 (MX), Shantesh S Row, Creative Director, Liwa (UAE), Rajesh Mehta, Chief Strategy Officer; Dhruv Gaur, Digital Planning Lead; Leonie Mergulhao, Account Supervisor - Social Media & PR, Medulla (IN), Aurelija Plioplytė, Head of Digital & Social, Not Perfect (LI), Daiana Khaidargaliyeva, Account Manager, Osaka Labs (UK / USA), Stefanie Söhnchen, Vice President Digital, PIABO Communications (DE), Elisabeth Winiartati, Managing Consultant, Head of Global Integrated Communications; Lydia Aprina, Account Manager, Integrated Marketing and Communications; Nita Prabowo, Account Manager, Integrated Marketing and Communications; Okhi, Web Developer, PNTR Group (ID), Kei Obusan, Insights Director; Daffi Ranandi, Insights Manager, Radarr (SG), Gautam Reghunath, Co-founder & CEO, Talented (IN), Donagh Humphreys, Head of Social and Digital Innovation, THINKHOUSE (IRE), Sarah Yim, Strategy Director, Zulu Alpha Kilo (CA).
Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024Search Engine Journal
The search marketing landscape is evolving rapidly with new technologies, and professionals, like you, rely on innovative paid search strategies to meet changing demands.
It’s important that you’re ready to implement new strategies in 2024.
Check this out and learn the top trends in paid search advertising that are expected to gain traction, so you can drive higher ROI more efficiently in 2024.
You’ll learn:
- The latest trends in AI and automation, and what this means for an evolving paid search ecosystem.
- New developments in privacy and data regulation.
- Emerging ad formats that are expected to make an impact next year.
Watch Sreekant Lanka from iQuanti and Irina Klein from OneMain Financial as they dive into the future of paid search and explore the trends, strategies, and technologies that will shape the search marketing landscape.
If you’re looking to assess your paid search strategy and design an industry-aligned plan for 2024, then this webinar is for you.
5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summarySpeakerHub
From their humble beginnings in 1984, TED has grown into the world’s most powerful amplifier for speakers and thought-leaders to share their ideas. They have over 2,400 filmed talks (not including the 30,000+ TEDx videos) freely available online, and have hosted over 17,500 events around the world.
With over one billion views in a year, it’s no wonder that so many speakers are looking to TED for ideas on how to share their message more effectively.
The article “5 Public-Speaking Tips TED Gives Its Speakers”, by Carmine Gallo for Forbes, gives speakers five practical ways to connect with their audience, and effectively share their ideas on stage.
Whether you are gearing up to get on a TED stage yourself, or just want to master the skills that so many of their speakers possess, these tips and quotes from Chris Anderson, the TED Talks Curator, will encourage you to make the most impactful impression on your audience.
See the full article and more summaries like this on SpeakerHub here: https://speakerhub.com/blog/5-presentation-tips-ted-gives-its-speakers
See the original article on Forbes here:
http://www.forbes.com/forbes/welcome/?toURL=http://www.forbes.com/sites/carminegallo/2016/05/06/5-public-speaking-tips-ted-gives-its-speakers/&refURL=&referrer=#5c07a8221d9b
ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd Clark Boyd
Everyone is in agreement that ChatGPT (and other generative AI tools) will shape the future of work. Yet there is little consensus on exactly how, when, and to what extent this technology will change our world.
Businesses that extract maximum value from ChatGPT will use it as a collaborative tool for everything from brainstorming to technical maintenance.
For individuals, now is the time to pinpoint the skills the future professional will need to thrive in the AI age.
Check out this presentation to understand what ChatGPT is, how it will shape the future of work, and how you can prepare to take advantage.
A brief introduction to DataScience with explaining of the concepts, algorithms, machine learning, supervised and unsupervised learning, clustering, statistics, data preprocessing, real-world applications etc.
It's part of a Data Science Corner Campaign where I will be discussing the fundamentals of DataScience, AIML, Statistics etc.
Time Management & Productivity - Best PracticesVit Horky
Here's my presentation on by proven best practices how to manage your work time effectively and how to improve your productivity. It includes practical tips and how to use tools such as Slack, Google Apps, Hubspot, Google Calendar, Gmail and others.
The six step guide to practical project managementMindGenius
The six step guide to practical project management
If you think managing projects is too difficult, think again.
We’ve stripped back project management processes to the
basics – to make it quicker and easier, without sacrificing
the vital ingredients for success.
“If you’re looking for some real-world guidance, then The Six Step Guide to Practical Project Management will help.”
Dr Andrew Makar, Tactical Project Management
Unlocking the Power of ChatGPT and AI in Testing - A Real-World Look, present...Applitools
During this webinar, Anand Bagmar demonstrates how AI tools such as ChatGPT can be applied to various stages of the software development life cycle (SDLC) using an eCommerce application case study. Find the on-demand recording and more info at https://applitools.info/b59
Key takeaways:
• Learn how to use ChatGPT to add AI power to your testing and test automation
• Understand the limitations of the technology and where human expertise is crucial
• Gain insight into different AI-based tools
• Adopt AI-based tools to stay relevant and optimize work for developers and testers
* ChatGPT and OpenAI belong to OpenAI, L.L.C.
More than Just Lines on a Map: Best Practices for U.S Bike Routes
This session highlights best practices and lessons learned for U.S. Bike Route System designation, as well as how and why these routes should be integrated into bicycle planning at the local and regional level.
Presenters:
Presenter: Kevin Luecke Toole Design Group
Co-Presenter: Virginia Sullivan Adventure Cycling Association
Ride the Storm: Navigating Through Unstable Periods / Katerina Rudko (Belka G...DevGAMM Conference
Has your project been caught in a storm of deadlines, clashing requirements, and the need to change course halfway through? If yes, then check out how the administration team navigated through all of this, relocating 160 people from 3 countries and opening 2 offices during the most turbulent time in the last 20 years. Belka Games’ Chief Administrative Officer, Katerina Rudko, will share universal approaches and life hacks that can help your project survive unstable periods when there seem to be too many tasks and a lack of time and people.
Ride the Storm: Navigating Through Unstable Periods / Katerina Rudko (Belka G...
Chapitre 4.pdf
1. LES M
LES MÉ
ÉLANGES ET LEUR COMPORTEMENT
LANGES ET LEUR COMPORTEMENT
1.
1. INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION
1.
1. D
Dé
éfinition
finition
„
„ Composant:
Composant: corps chimiquement pur
corps chimiquement pur
„
„ Phase:
Phase: r
ré
égion d
gion d’
’un corps caract
un corps caracté
éris
risé
ée par
e par
une structure et un arrangement
une structure et un arrangement
atomique identiques.
atomique identiques.
„
„ Constituant:
Constituant: élément dont les atomes
forment l’alliage
2. LES M
LES MÉ
ÉLANGES ET LEUR COMPORTEMENT
LANGES ET LEUR COMPORTEMENT
2.
2. R
Rè
ègle de phase:
gle de phase: é
équation de
quation de Gibbs
Gibbs
V = N
V = N –
– P + 1
P + 1
•
• V
V –
– nombre de variables ind
nombre de variables indé
épendantes
pendantes
•
• N
N –
– nombre de composants
nombre de composants
•
• P
P –
– nombre de phases en pr
nombre de phases en pré
ésence
sence
Les variables:
Les variables: θ
θ –
– temp
tempé
érature
rature
Les compositions
Les compositions C
C1
1, C
, C2
2,
, …
…, C
, Ci
i des phases
des phases
P
P1
1, P
, P2
2,
, …
…, P
, Pi
i
3. LES M
LES MÉ
ÉLANGES ET LEUR COMPORTEMENT
LANGES ET LEUR COMPORTEMENT
2.
2. R
Rè
ègle de phase
gle de phase
V = N
V = N –
– P + 1
P + 1
Dans un syst
Dans un systè
ème binaire (
me binaire (N = 2
N = 2)
)
•
• P = 1
P = 1 Î
Î V = 2: syst
V = 2: systè
ème
me bivariant
bivariant
•
• P = 2
P = 2 Î
Î V = 1: syst
V = 1: systè
ème
me monovariant
monovariant
•
• P = 3
P = 3 Î
Î V = O: syst
V = O: systè
ème
me invariant
invariant
4. LES M
LES MÉ
ÉLANGES ET LEUR COMPORTEMENT
LANGES ET LEUR COMPORTEMENT
2.
2. Diagrammes d
Diagrammes d’é
’équilibre binaires
quilibre binaires
Repr
Repré
ésentation des:
sentation des:
•
• Domaines de stabilit
Domaines de stabilité
és des phases
s des phases
•
• Conditions d
Conditions d’é
’équilibre entre plusieurs
quilibre entre plusieurs
phases
phases (
(θ
θ, C
, C)
)
D
Dé
étermination des diagrammes d
termination des diagrammes d’é
’équilibre:
quilibre:
•
• Analyse thermique (exp
Analyse thermique (expé
érimentale)
rimentale)
•
• Analyse thermodynamique (th
Analyse thermodynamique (thé
éorique)
orique)
5. LES M
LES MÉ
ÉLANGES ET LEUR COMPORTEMENT
LANGES ET LEUR COMPORTEMENT
2.
2. Diagrammes d
Diagrammes d’é
’équilibre binaires
quilibre binaires
D
Dé
étermination des diagrammes d
termination des diagrammes d’é
’équilibre:
quilibre:
•
• Analyse thermique (exp
Analyse thermique (expé
érimentale)
rimentale)
θ
θ = f(t)
= f(t) –
– changement de phase
changement de phase
•
• Analyse thermodynamique (th
Analyse thermodynamique (thé
éorique)
orique)
Banque d
Banque d’
’informations
informations
Concentration des composants:
Concentration des composants: % massique
% massique
6. LES M
LES MÉ
ÉLANGES ET LEUR COMPORTEMENT
LANGES ET LEUR COMPORTEMENT
2.
2. Diagrammes d
Diagrammes d’é
’équilibre binaires
quilibre binaires
1.
1. Miscibilit
Miscibilité
é totale
totale à
à l
l’é
’état solide
tat solide
Î
Θ
7. LES M
LES MÉ
ÉLANGES ET LEUR COMPORTEMENT
LANGES ET LEUR COMPORTEMENT
2.
2. Diagrammes d
Diagrammes d’é
’équilibre binaires
quilibre binaires
1.
1. Miscibilit
Miscibilité
é totale
totale à
à l
l’é
’état solide
tat solide
Î
Θ
Θ
i
CS CL
8. LES M
LES MÉ
ÉLANGES ET LEUR COMPORTEMENT
LANGES ET LEUR COMPORTEMENT
2.
2. Diagrammes d
Diagrammes d’é
’équilibre binaires
quilibre binaires
2.
2. Solidification
Solidification à
à l
l’é
’équilibre d
quilibre d’
’une
une sln
sln à
à M.T.
M.T.
Î
Θ
ΘS
Θ
L
Co CLf
CS1 B
A
S
L
S + L
%BÎ
ΘfA
ΘfB
9. LES M
LES MÉ
ÉLANGES ET LEUR COMPORTEMENT
LANGES ET LEUR COMPORTEMENT
2.
2. Diagrammes d
Diagrammes d’é
’équilibre binaires
quilibre binaires
3.
3. Proportion des phases en pr
Proportion des phases en pré
ésence
sence
Î
Θ
Co CLf
CS1 %BÎ
A B
ΘfB
ΘS
Θ
L
S
L
S + L
ΘfA
Θi
CS CL
fS =
CL- C0
CL- CS
fL =
CL- CS
C0- CS
10. LES M
LES MÉ
ÉLANGES ET LEUR COMPORTEMENT
LANGES ET LEUR COMPORTEMENT
2.
2. Diagrammes d
Diagrammes d’é
’équilibre binaires
quilibre binaires
3.
3. Proportion des phases en pr
Proportion des phases en pré
ésence
sence
Diagramme d’équilibre Cu-Ni
11. LES M
LES MÉ
ÉLANGES ET LEUR COMPORTEMENT
LANGES ET LEUR COMPORTEMENT
2.
2. Diagrammes d
Diagrammes d’é
’équilibre binaires
quilibre binaires
4.
4. R
Rè
ègles de miscibilit
gles de miscibilité
é
a)
a) Le
Le diam
diamè
ètre atomique
tre atomique des
des é
él
lé
éments A et B ne
ments A et B ne
doit pas diff
doit pas diffé
érer de plus de
rer de plus de 15%
15%
b)
b) Les deux
Les deux é
él
lé
éments A et B doivent avoir la
ments A et B doivent avoir la même
même
structure cristalline
structure cristalline
c)
c) Les
Les valences
valences des deux
des deux é
él
lé
éments doivent être
ments doivent être
é
égales
gales
d)
d) L
L’
’é
électron
lectroné
égativit
gativité
é de A et celle de B doivent être
de A et celle de B doivent être
semblables.
semblables.
12. LES M
LES MÉ
ÉLANGES ET LEUR COMPORTEMENT
LANGES ET LEUR COMPORTEMENT
2.
2. Diagrammes d
Diagrammes d’é
’équilibre binaires
quilibre binaires
5.
5. Miscibilit
Miscibilité
é partielle
partielle à
à l
l’é
’état solide
tat solide
5.1 Transformation eutectique
M – solubilité maximale
E – point eutectique
α - phase solide riche en A
β - phase solide riche en B
Réaction eutectique:
LE ' α + β
13. LES M
LES MÉ
ÉLANGES ET LEUR COMPORTEMENT
LANGES ET LEUR COMPORTEMENT
2.
2. Diagrammes d
Diagrammes d’é
’équilibre binaires
quilibre binaires
5.
5. Miscibilit
Miscibilité
é partielle
partielle à
à l
l’é
’état solide
tat solide
•
• Solidification d
Solidification d’
’un alliage de composition eutectique:
un alliage de composition eutectique:
•
• Solidification d
Solidification d’
’un alliage de composition hors eutectique:
un alliage de composition hors eutectique:
5.1 Transformation eutectique
fα =
Cβ- CE
Cβ- Cα
fβ = 1 - fα
fα =
Cβ- CX
Cβ- Cα
fβ = 1 - fα
14. LES M
LES MÉ
ÉLANGES ET LEUR COMPORTEMENT
LANGES ET LEUR COMPORTEMENT
2.
2. Diagrammes d
Diagrammes d’é
’équilibre binaires
quilibre binaires
5.
5. Miscibilit
Miscibilité
é partielle
partielle à
à l
l’é
’état solide
tat solide
5.1 Transformation eutectique
Diagramme
d’équilibre Pb-Sn
15. LES M
LES MÉ
ÉLANGES ET LEUR COMPORTEMENT
LANGES ET LEUR COMPORTEMENT
2.
2. Diagrammes d
Diagrammes d’é
’équilibre binaires
quilibre binaires
5.
5. Miscibilit
Miscibilité
é partielle
partielle à
à l
l’é
’état solide
tat solide
5.2 Transformation péritectique
αCα + LCL ' + βCβ
16. LES M
LES MÉ
ÉLANGES ET LEUR COMPORTEMENT
LANGES ET LEUR COMPORTEMENT
2.
2. Diagrammes d
Diagrammes d’é
’équilibre binaires
quilibre binaires
6.
6. Phases interm
Phases intermé
édiaires
diaires
Trois types de phases interm
Trois types de phases intermé
édiaires:
diaires:
•
• Compos
Composé
és
s é
électroniques
lectroniques (phases de Hume
(phases de Hume-
-Rothery
Rothery)
)
•
• Compos
Composé
és ioniques ou covalents
s ioniques ou covalents
•
• Phases de laves
Phases de laves
17. LES M
LES MÉ
ÉLANGES ET LEUR COMPORTEMENT
LANGES ET LEUR COMPORTEMENT
2.
2. Diagrammes d
Diagrammes d’é
’équilibre binaires
quilibre binaires
6.
6. Phases interm
Phases intermé
édiaires
diaires
18. LES M
LES MÉ
ÉLANGES ET LEUR COMPORTEMENT
LANGES ET LEUR COMPORTEMENT
2.
2. Diagrammes d
Diagrammes d’é
’équilibre binaires
quilibre binaires
7.
7. Consid
Considé
érations g
rations gé
én
né
érales sur les
rales sur les
diagrammes d
diagrammes d’é
’équilibre binaires
quilibre binaires
•
• Un diagramme d
Un diagramme d’é
’équilibre donne les limites des domaines
quilibre donne les limites des domaines
d
d’
’existence, en
existence, en θ
θ et en C, des m
et en C, des mé
élanges monophas
langes monophasé
és
s
•
• Deux domaines monophas
Deux domaines monophasé
és sont s
s sont sé
épar
paré
és par une r
s par une ré
égions
gions à
à
deux phases,
deux phases, à
à moins qu
moins qu’
’ils ne le soient par une ligne
ils ne le soient par une ligne
horizontale; dans ce cas, la ligne horizontale pr
horizontale; dans ce cas, la ligne horizontale pré
ésente un point
sente un point
invariant o
invariant où
ù trois phases sont en
trois phases sont en é
équilibre. C
quilibre. C’
’est le cas des
est le cas des
points eutectiques et
points eutectiques et p
pé
éritectiques
ritectiques.
.
•
• Dans un domaine
Dans un domaine à
à deux phases, la composition de chacune
deux phases, la composition de chacune
des phases en
des phases en é
équilibre l
quilibre l’
’une avec l
une avec l’
’autre
autre à
à une temp
une tempé
érature
rature θ
θi
i
est d
est dé
étermin
terminé
ée par l
e par l’
’intersection de l
intersection de l’
’isotherme
isotherme θ
θi
i (horizontale
(horizontale
passant par l
passant par l’
’ordonn
ordonné
ée
e θ
θi
i) et des fronti
) et des frontiè
ères qui s
res qui sé
éparent ce
parent ce
domaine des deux domaines monophas
domaine des deux domaines monophasé
és adjacents.
s adjacents.