Comment citer ses sources dans son rapport de Projet d'Études ?Céline Andrieu
Ce support a été réalisé dans le cadre de l'amphi sur la préparation à la rédaction du rapport final de Projet d'Études pour les élèves 1A, le 15/05/2013 (durée : 30 min).
Cet amphi complète le TD sur la recherche et la gestion de l'information (2h) qui a eu lieu pour tous les élèves 1A en octobre 2012.
Cet amphi a complété le TD sur la recherche et la gestion de l'information (2h) qui a eu lieu pour tous les élèves 1A en octobre 2012.
Contenu de la formation :
le rapport de PE : un travail académique évalué
vous avez dit "plagiat" ?
le droit d'auteur en quelques mots
comment insérer de courtes citations de textes et générer sa bibliographie avec Zotero
comment réutiliser et citer des figures (images, graphiques, tableaux...) pour illustrer son rapport
Point de vue sur les opportunités des recueils qualitatifs online . De nouvelles solutions, pour quels apports méthodologiques ? Quels usages ? Quelles cibles ? Quelles problématiques ?
Comment citer ses sources dans son rapport de Projet d'Études ?Céline Andrieu
Ce support a été réalisé dans le cadre de l'amphi sur la préparation à la rédaction du rapport final de Projet d'Études pour les élèves 1A, le 15/05/2013 (durée : 30 min).
Cet amphi complète le TD sur la recherche et la gestion de l'information (2h) qui a eu lieu pour tous les élèves 1A en octobre 2012.
Cet amphi a complété le TD sur la recherche et la gestion de l'information (2h) qui a eu lieu pour tous les élèves 1A en octobre 2012.
Contenu de la formation :
le rapport de PE : un travail académique évalué
vous avez dit "plagiat" ?
le droit d'auteur en quelques mots
comment insérer de courtes citations de textes et générer sa bibliographie avec Zotero
comment réutiliser et citer des figures (images, graphiques, tableaux...) pour illustrer son rapport
Point de vue sur les opportunités des recueils qualitatifs online . De nouvelles solutions, pour quels apports méthodologiques ? Quels usages ? Quelles cibles ? Quelles problématiques ?
This document discusses how the world is currently in an age of disruption due to accelerating business evolution and technological change. Some key points made include:
- 80% of CEOs expect their businesses to be significantly disrupted in the coming years as the pace of change increases. Over 50% of Fortune 500 companies from 2000 are now gone.
- Business agility and the rapid introduction of new products, experiences, and responses to threats is now essential for companies to survive due to increasing disruption.
- Many jobs and entire industries have been disrupted out of existence since 2007 due to new technologies and shifting business models. Companies must change and adapt internally to the new digital era or risk disappearing.
- Traditional command-
The document discusses how the world is changing rapidly due to technology disruptions. Some key points made include that more than 50% of Fortune 500 companies have disappeared since 2000, 80% of CEOs expect significant disruptions to their businesses, and business agility is now essential. Examples of disruptions provided include e-commerce, robots, driverless cars, social networks, BYOD, and more. The document argues that organizations must change internally to remain competitive by embracing concepts like ecosystems, experiences, agility, digital transformation, innovation, the Internet of Things, and knowledge management.
This document discusses how work dynamics are changing in connected organizations. It notes that the world and businesses are accelerating faster than predicted, with more than 50% of Fortune 500 companies disappearing since 2000. It emphasizes that business agility is now essential to rapidly introduce new products and experiences, and respond quickly to threats. It provides several examples of how the world and behaviors have changed in just the last 10-15 years due to increased connectivity and digitalization. The document suggests organizations must also change internally to function effectively in this new environment, and discusses concepts like social networks, knowledge management, breaking down silos, and empowering workers.
The document discusses how the world is accelerating faster than predicted and how business agility is now essential. It provides examples of disruption across many industries through new technologies and changing customer behaviors. The key points are that organizations must change quickly, embrace new ways of working like digital transformation and knowledge sharing, and move away from command-and-control styles towards valuing mistakes and breaking down silos.
This document discusses the role of the Data Protection Officer (DPO) under the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). It outlines an agenda with topics on how to choose a DPO, avoid conflicts of interest, formally appoint the DPO, guarantee their independence, involve them in decisions regarding personal data, and inform staff internally. For each topic, it lists questions an organization should consider to ensure they are compliant with the GDPR requirements regarding the DPO. The presentation emphasizes that properly establishing the role of the DPO can help organizations rethink their internal processes to be compliant with privacy regulations.
This document discusses how the GDPR impacts digital marketing. It begins by providing context on the digital transformation and the importance of data. It then discusses the key aspects of the GDPR including territorial scope, definitions of personal and sensitive data, data subject rights, and responsibilities of controllers and processors. It notes that under the GDPR, companies must be able to demonstrate compliance. The rest of the document discusses specific implications for digital marketing like obtaining consent, managing cookies and third parties, international data transfers, and potential solutions like using contracts and considering the public interest. It concludes that while challenging, the GDPR presents an opportunity for digital marketing if companies adapt practices to prioritize privacy.
This document provides an agenda for a presentation on GDPR and digital strategy. It includes an introduction of the presenter, Jacques Folon, and his background and publications on privacy. The agenda covers the basic principles of GDPR, questions from attendees, and how GDPR relates to digital strategy. Specific topics that will be discussed include the purpose and requirements of GDPR, how it applies in Belgium, practical implementation steps, important points like privacy by design, and exercises. The presentation aims to help attendees understand GDPR and provide reassurance that being non-compliant is not too late to address.
This document discusses the balance between privacy and health measures during the COVID-19 pandemic in Belgium. It provides a timeline of events from March 2020 to March 2021, describing the various emergency measures and legal challenges. Key organizations like Human Rights Watch and the League of Human Rights have argued that the government's response has concentrated too much power without proper parliamentary oversight. Moving forward, the document suggests that respecting principles like separation of powers can help ensure both public health and civil liberties are protected during the crisis.
This document discusses data privacy and the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). It begins with an overview of the context and definitions related to GDPR, including personal data, processing, controllers, processors, and data breaches. It then outlines 12 key principles of GDPR, such as accountability, consumer rights, privacy by design, information security, penalties, and data privacy officers. The document concludes by discussing some of the consequences of GDPR for companies and the methodology for complying with its requirements, including risk analysis, records of processing, and training.
This document discusses various topics related to intellectual property rights (IPR) in 2021. It begins by introducing the author Jacques Folon and their background and credentials. It then discusses some criticisms of IPR and surveys that find many French internet users do not consider piracy to be theft. Other topics covered include the historical development of copyright law, debates around whether IPR constitutes a form of property, how IPR may limit research and art, the purpose of IPR, and categories of works that are protected by IPR like patents, trademarks, design, copyright, and neighboring rights. The document also discusses concepts like public domain, fair use exceptions, and new licenses like Creative Commons. It considers how IPR applies in the digital
The document discusses how the business world is changing rapidly due to digital disruption. It notes that most presentations and strategies will become obsolete very quickly. It provides examples of how the world has changed in just a short period of time due to new technologies and rising consumer expectations of personalization and convenience. The document argues that organizations must become more agile, innovative, and embrace new technologies in order to survive this period of massive disruption.
The document discusses how the world is accelerating faster than predicted with more than 50% of Fortune 500 companies disappearing since 2000 and 80% of CEOs expecting significant business disruption. It provides examples of rapid changes, such as how the memory in an iPhone X today is 2% of what an IBM computer had in the 1970s. The document argues that business agility is now essential to introduce new products and experiences rapidly in response to threats. It also discusses how behaviors and jobs are changing, with the rise of robots, digitalization, data/knowledge sharing, social networks, security issues, and the need for flatter organizational structures.
The document discusses how the world is accelerating faster than predicted with more than 50% of Fortune 500 companies disappearing since 2000 and 80% of CEOs expecting significant business disruption. It provides examples of rapid changes, such as how the memory of an IBM computer from the 1970s is only 2% of an iPhone X's memory. The summary discusses how behaviors and industries are changing, with the emergence of robots, connected objects, changing jobs, and disappearing companies. It emphasizes that organizations must change quickly internally to adapt.
This document discusses how the world is currently in an age of disruption due to accelerating business evolution and technological change. Some key points made include:
- 80% of CEOs expect their businesses to be significantly disrupted in the coming years as the pace of change increases. Over 50% of Fortune 500 companies from 2000 are now gone.
- Business agility and the rapid introduction of new products, experiences, and responses to threats is now essential for companies to survive due to increasing disruption.
- Many jobs and entire industries have been disrupted out of existence since 2007 due to new technologies and shifting business models. Companies must change and adapt internally to the new digital era or risk disappearing.
- Traditional command-
The document discusses how the world is changing rapidly due to technology disruptions. Some key points made include that more than 50% of Fortune 500 companies have disappeared since 2000, 80% of CEOs expect significant disruptions to their businesses, and business agility is now essential. Examples of disruptions provided include e-commerce, robots, driverless cars, social networks, BYOD, and more. The document argues that organizations must change internally to remain competitive by embracing concepts like ecosystems, experiences, agility, digital transformation, innovation, the Internet of Things, and knowledge management.
This document discusses how work dynamics are changing in connected organizations. It notes that the world and businesses are accelerating faster than predicted, with more than 50% of Fortune 500 companies disappearing since 2000. It emphasizes that business agility is now essential to rapidly introduce new products and experiences, and respond quickly to threats. It provides several examples of how the world and behaviors have changed in just the last 10-15 years due to increased connectivity and digitalization. The document suggests organizations must also change internally to function effectively in this new environment, and discusses concepts like social networks, knowledge management, breaking down silos, and empowering workers.
The document discusses how the world is accelerating faster than predicted and how business agility is now essential. It provides examples of disruption across many industries through new technologies and changing customer behaviors. The key points are that organizations must change quickly, embrace new ways of working like digital transformation and knowledge sharing, and move away from command-and-control styles towards valuing mistakes and breaking down silos.
This document discusses the role of the Data Protection Officer (DPO) under the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). It outlines an agenda with topics on how to choose a DPO, avoid conflicts of interest, formally appoint the DPO, guarantee their independence, involve them in decisions regarding personal data, and inform staff internally. For each topic, it lists questions an organization should consider to ensure they are compliant with the GDPR requirements regarding the DPO. The presentation emphasizes that properly establishing the role of the DPO can help organizations rethink their internal processes to be compliant with privacy regulations.
This document discusses how the GDPR impacts digital marketing. It begins by providing context on the digital transformation and the importance of data. It then discusses the key aspects of the GDPR including territorial scope, definitions of personal and sensitive data, data subject rights, and responsibilities of controllers and processors. It notes that under the GDPR, companies must be able to demonstrate compliance. The rest of the document discusses specific implications for digital marketing like obtaining consent, managing cookies and third parties, international data transfers, and potential solutions like using contracts and considering the public interest. It concludes that while challenging, the GDPR presents an opportunity for digital marketing if companies adapt practices to prioritize privacy.
This document provides an agenda for a presentation on GDPR and digital strategy. It includes an introduction of the presenter, Jacques Folon, and his background and publications on privacy. The agenda covers the basic principles of GDPR, questions from attendees, and how GDPR relates to digital strategy. Specific topics that will be discussed include the purpose and requirements of GDPR, how it applies in Belgium, practical implementation steps, important points like privacy by design, and exercises. The presentation aims to help attendees understand GDPR and provide reassurance that being non-compliant is not too late to address.
This document discusses the balance between privacy and health measures during the COVID-19 pandemic in Belgium. It provides a timeline of events from March 2020 to March 2021, describing the various emergency measures and legal challenges. Key organizations like Human Rights Watch and the League of Human Rights have argued that the government's response has concentrated too much power without proper parliamentary oversight. Moving forward, the document suggests that respecting principles like separation of powers can help ensure both public health and civil liberties are protected during the crisis.
This document discusses data privacy and the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). It begins with an overview of the context and definitions related to GDPR, including personal data, processing, controllers, processors, and data breaches. It then outlines 12 key principles of GDPR, such as accountability, consumer rights, privacy by design, information security, penalties, and data privacy officers. The document concludes by discussing some of the consequences of GDPR for companies and the methodology for complying with its requirements, including risk analysis, records of processing, and training.
This document discusses various topics related to intellectual property rights (IPR) in 2021. It begins by introducing the author Jacques Folon and their background and credentials. It then discusses some criticisms of IPR and surveys that find many French internet users do not consider piracy to be theft. Other topics covered include the historical development of copyright law, debates around whether IPR constitutes a form of property, how IPR may limit research and art, the purpose of IPR, and categories of works that are protected by IPR like patents, trademarks, design, copyright, and neighboring rights. The document also discusses concepts like public domain, fair use exceptions, and new licenses like Creative Commons. It considers how IPR applies in the digital
The document discusses how the business world is changing rapidly due to digital disruption. It notes that most presentations and strategies will become obsolete very quickly. It provides examples of how the world has changed in just a short period of time due to new technologies and rising consumer expectations of personalization and convenience. The document argues that organizations must become more agile, innovative, and embrace new technologies in order to survive this period of massive disruption.
The document discusses how the world is accelerating faster than predicted with more than 50% of Fortune 500 companies disappearing since 2000 and 80% of CEOs expecting significant business disruption. It provides examples of rapid changes, such as how the memory in an iPhone X today is 2% of what an IBM computer had in the 1970s. The document argues that business agility is now essential to introduce new products and experiences rapidly in response to threats. It also discusses how behaviors and jobs are changing, with the rise of robots, digitalization, data/knowledge sharing, social networks, security issues, and the need for flatter organizational structures.
The document discusses how the world is accelerating faster than predicted with more than 50% of Fortune 500 companies disappearing since 2000 and 80% of CEOs expecting significant business disruption. It provides examples of rapid changes, such as how the memory of an IBM computer from the 1970s is only 2% of an iPhone X's memory. The summary discusses how behaviors and industries are changing, with the emergence of robots, connected objects, changing jobs, and disappearing companies. It emphasizes that organizations must change quickly internally to adapt.
5. Pourquoi devez-vous dans un travail inclure les références aux
sources utilisées?
Il existe plusieurs raisons :
• Respecter le droit d’auteur.
• Que les œuvres soient libres de droit d'auteur ou non, il faut donner le crédit là où il
revient pour les propos et les idées qui ne sont pas les vôtres (« remettre à César ce
qui appartient à César »).
• Faciliter la compréhension d’un texte pour le lecteur qui saura distinguer vos idées de
celles des personnes mentionnées dans votre texte et mieux comprendre votre
argumentation.
• Permettre au lecteur qui voudrait en savoir davantage sur un texte ou un auteur
mentionné de retracer les sources que vous aurez utilisées, ce qui sera possible
seulement si les références complètes à celles-ci ont été données dans le document.
• Permettre au lecteur de vérifier l'exactitude des données rapportées ou du texte cité,
ou encore de voir la citation en contexte. C'est un principe de base de la
communication scientifique.
http://www.integrite.umontreal.ca/pratiques/sources.html
9. Qu'est-ce que le plagiat et comment
l'éviter ?
Tout au long de ses études, on aura à produire des travaux de
recherche dans lesquels on doit intégrer les idées de différents
auteurs. Il est très important de savoir comment insérer
correctement ces idées dans son travail si on ne veut pas se
retrouver en situation de plagiat.
Mais tout d'abord qu'est-ce que le plagiat ?
C'est un «Vol littéraire. Le plagiat consiste à s’approprier les mots
ou les idées de quelqu’un d’autre et de les présenter comme
siens.»(Petit Robert 1, 2005). Ce vol est donc passible de
sanctions qui risquent de compromettre le bon déroulement des
études universitaires.
http://www.bibliotheques.uqam.ca/recherche/plagiat/index.html
34. Conseils
Avant de commencer le travail
• Comprendre les consignes pour le travail
• Poser des questions si certaines consignes ne sont pas claires
• Noter la date de remise du travail ainsi que toutes les autres
échéances liées au travail, s’il y a lieu
• Bien gérer son temps : dès le début de la session, il faut planifier
son travail. Par exemple, réserver du temps pour trouver le
sujet, faire des recherches en bibliothèque, rédiger un brouillon,
etc.
http://www.bibliotheques.uqam.ca/recherche/plagiat/conseils.html
35. Conseils
En cours de travail
• Fiches de lecture
• Il faut prendre certaines précautions lors de la recherche en bibliothèque ou
sur Internet pour s'assurer de ne pas plagier en utilisant des fiches ou un
cahier de notes pour inscrire les renseignements suivants :
◦ la référence complète de la source
◦ la localisation du document
◦ un court résumé du contenu du document
◦ les idées ou les citations pertinentes au travail
• Photocopies
• Quand on fait des photocopies, il faut s'assurer d’y inscrire immédiatement la
référence complète du document. Sinon, on risque d’oublier d’où proviennent
ces photocopies et il n’est pas toujours aisé d'en retrouver la source. De plus,
il faut conserver ces photocopies jusqu’à ce que le travail soit terminé. On
pourrait en avoir besoin au cours de la rédaction de la version finale du
travail, par exemple pour comparer une paraphrase à l’extrait original.
http://www.bibliotheques.uqam.ca/recherche/plagiat/conseils.html
36. Conseils
Avant de remettre le travail au professeur
• Vérifier que toutes les citations sont entre guillemets (« ») ou en
retrait lorsqu’elles font plus de trois lignes.
• Vérifier que toutes les paraphrases sont une reformulation
complète des extraits originaux, c’est-à-dire qu'on n'a pas
simplement remplacé quelques mots du passage original par des
synonymes.
• Vérifier que toutes les citations et les paraphrases sont
accompagnées d’une référence complète.
• Comparer les citations et les paraphrases aux passages
originaux, dans le premier cas pour s'assurer qu'on a bien
recopié l’extrait original, dans le second cas pour s'assurer qu'on
n'a pas accidentellement utilisé les mêmes mots et/ou les
mêmes phrases que dans l’extrait original.
http://www.bibliotheques.uqam.ca/recherche/plagiat/conseils.html
38. Citer les sources
http://www.bibliotheques.uqam.ca/recherche/plagiat/citer.html
39. Citer les sources
http://www.bibliotheques.uqam.ca/recherche/plagiat/citer.html
40. Comment citer
• Nous vous proposons de vous référer aux
consignes donnés par les responsables des
TFE
• il existe en fait deux grandes méthodes
• notes en bas de page
• auteur date
41. Un cas particulier: les paraphrases
La paraphrase consiste à reprendre dans ses propres mots les idées d’un auteur. Comme la
citation, elle vient appuyer ses idées. Elle permet cependant de présenter les idées d’un auteur
sans utiliser les mêmes mots. En s'intégrant directement au texte, elle en facilite la lecture. Elle
est particulièrement utile dans les cas où les termes utilisés par l’auteur n'apparaissent pas
adéquats pour ce qu'on veut démontrer. Mais, dans tous les cas, lorsqu'on utilise la paraphrase,
il ne faut jamais oublier de faire référence au document d'où provient
l'information.
Cependant, la paraphrase ne consiste pas seulement à remplacer les mots du texte original
par des synonymes. Il faut complètement réécrire le passage, c’est-à-dire changer les mots
et la structure des phrases. Si on veut conserver ne serait-ce que quelques mots du
passage original, il faut les mettre entre guillemets (« »).
La paraphrase est donc un art. Plus on le pratiquera, meilleur on deviendra. Son utilisation
est importante, car elle montre qu'on a vraiment compris ce que l’auteur a voulu dire. De
plus, elle permet de mettre en valeur son propre style d’écriture, car ce sont ses mots et non
ceux de l’auteur qui apparaissent sur la page. L’enchaînement entre ses idées et celles des
autres sera par le fait même plus fluide.
http://www.bibliotheques.uqam.ca/recherche/plagiat/citer.html