The document discusses the principles of chromatography. It describes how chromatography separates components in a mixture based on differences in their interactions with mobile and stationary phases. It discusses how Michael Tswett first demonstrated chromatography in 1903 and the key aspects of how it works. These include how retention time, partition coefficients, selectivity factors and efficiency parameters like plate number and height equivalent to a theoretical plate are used to characterize chromatographic separations.
Benzamide and Phenyl Acetate both contain a C=O bond. However, their IR spectra show differences in the C=O stretching frequency:
- Benzamide shows C=O stretching absorption around 1650 cm-1. This is due to resonance stabilization of the C=O bond by the adjacent NH group. The conjugation lowers the force constant and hence decreases the C=O stretching frequency.
- Phenyl Acetate shows C=O stretching absorption around 1730-1750 cm-1. This is higher than benzamide since there is no conjugation or resonance effects in phenyl acetate to stabilize and weaken the C=O bond.
So in summary, the lower frequency of
The document discusses the Van-Deemter equation, which describes the relationship between column efficiency and linear velocity in chromatography. It explains the three main sources of band broadening: A) eddy diffusion, which increases with larger particle size; B) longitudinal diffusion, which increases at low flow rates; and C) resistance to mass transfer, which increases with thicker stationary or mobile phases or smaller particle size. The Van-Deemter equation can be used to optimize the mobile phase velocity and compare performance of different stationary phases by measuring peak broadening (HETP) at varying flow rates.
Molecular orbitals diagrams of hexacyanoferrate(III) and hexafluoroferrate(III)Mithil Fal Desai
This document presents and compares the molecular orbital diagrams for [Fe(CN)6]3- and [FeF6]3- complexes. It shows that in [Fe(CN)6]3-, cyanide acts as a π acceptor ligand resulting in low spin, while in [FeF6]3-, fluoride acts as a π donor ligand resulting in high spin. The diagrams depict the metal and ligand orbitals and how they combine to form the molecular orbitals of each complex.
Infrared spectroscopy can be used to identify functional groups on molecules through their characteristic absorption peaks. A Fourier transform converts the interferogram pattern into a spectrum showing absorption as a function of frequency. Key regions of the infrared spectrum include the O-H, N-H, C-H, C=O, C=C, and C≡C stretches between 4000-400 cm-1. Absorption peaks are indicative of bond strength and hydrogen bonding environment. Infrared spectroscopy allows quantitative analysis through Beer's Law.
The document discusses the principles of chromatography. It describes how chromatography separates components in a mixture based on differences in their interactions with mobile and stationary phases. It discusses how Michael Tswett first demonstrated chromatography in 1903 and the key aspects of how it works. These include how retention time, partition coefficients, selectivity factors and efficiency parameters like plate number and height equivalent to a theoretical plate are used to characterize chromatographic separations.
Benzamide and Phenyl Acetate both contain a C=O bond. However, their IR spectra show differences in the C=O stretching frequency:
- Benzamide shows C=O stretching absorption around 1650 cm-1. This is due to resonance stabilization of the C=O bond by the adjacent NH group. The conjugation lowers the force constant and hence decreases the C=O stretching frequency.
- Phenyl Acetate shows C=O stretching absorption around 1730-1750 cm-1. This is higher than benzamide since there is no conjugation or resonance effects in phenyl acetate to stabilize and weaken the C=O bond.
So in summary, the lower frequency of
The document discusses the Van-Deemter equation, which describes the relationship between column efficiency and linear velocity in chromatography. It explains the three main sources of band broadening: A) eddy diffusion, which increases with larger particle size; B) longitudinal diffusion, which increases at low flow rates; and C) resistance to mass transfer, which increases with thicker stationary or mobile phases or smaller particle size. The Van-Deemter equation can be used to optimize the mobile phase velocity and compare performance of different stationary phases by measuring peak broadening (HETP) at varying flow rates.
Molecular orbitals diagrams of hexacyanoferrate(III) and hexafluoroferrate(III)Mithil Fal Desai
This document presents and compares the molecular orbital diagrams for [Fe(CN)6]3- and [FeF6]3- complexes. It shows that in [Fe(CN)6]3-, cyanide acts as a π acceptor ligand resulting in low spin, while in [FeF6]3-, fluoride acts as a π donor ligand resulting in high spin. The diagrams depict the metal and ligand orbitals and how they combine to form the molecular orbitals of each complex.
Infrared spectroscopy can be used to identify functional groups on molecules through their characteristic absorption peaks. A Fourier transform converts the interferogram pattern into a spectrum showing absorption as a function of frequency. Key regions of the infrared spectrum include the O-H, N-H, C-H, C=O, C=C, and C≡C stretches between 4000-400 cm-1. Absorption peaks are indicative of bond strength and hydrogen bonding environment. Infrared spectroscopy allows quantitative analysis through Beer's Law.
This document provides possible causes and suggested remedies for common gas chromatography (GC) troubleshooting issues. Some key issues addressed include no peaks, missing peaks, too small peaks, increasing or decreasing retention times, declining or rising baselines, interfering peaks, spikes, ghost peaks, broad peaks, fronting, tailing, cut tops, negative peaks, and double peaks. Suggested remedies include checking detector/electronics, gas flow, column installation, temperature programming, sample concentration, and column condition. The document is authored by Hassan Alnajem and provides troubleshooting guidance for resolving a variety of common GC performance problems.
This document discusses high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC). It begins with an introduction and overview of HPTLC principles, instrumentation, differences from TLC, and application steps. The document then provides more details on the HPTLC instrumentation components, factors affecting separation, common stationary and mobile phases used, and application techniques. It concludes by discussing detection methods and some key applications of HPTLC in pharmaceuticals, food analysis, clinical studies, and forensics.
Characterization & structure elucidation of certain classes of Sec.MetabolotesNilesh Thorat
The document discusses the characterization and structure elucidation of terpenoids and alkaloids.
It provides details on the general chromatographic techniques used to study terpenoids, including TLC, gas chromatography, HPLC and column chromatography. Common chemical and physical methods to determine the structure of terpenoids and alkaloids are also summarized, such as determining molecular formula, functional groups, unsaturation, and using spectroscopic and degradation studies. The document focuses on the analytical techniques and reactions used to elucidate organic structures from these important classes of plant secondary metabolites.
Solid Phase Microextraction (SPME) is a solvent-free sampling technique invented in 1990. It uses coated fibers to extract analytes from samples. The fibers are exposed to the sample or its headspace to allow analytes to adsorb to the coating. The fibers are then transferred to an instrument for analyte separation and quantification. SPME offers advantages over other extraction methods like being fast, solvent-free, and having good detection limits. It has various applications in fields like environmental analysis, forensics, and food and drug testing.
There are 6 types of electronic transitions that can occur in molecules: 1) σ→ σ* transition, 2) π → π* transition, 3) n→σ* transition, 4) n→π* transition, 5) σ→π* transition, and 6) π→σ* transition. These electronic transitions can be represented graphically using an energy level diagram.
This document provides guidance on interpreting infrared spectra. It outlines the key features of an IR spectrum and the types of information that can be obtained, such as identifying functional groups present between 4000-1500 cm-1 and determining molecular fingerprints from 1500-400 cm-1. It reviews the requirements for interpretation and general rules for analysis, such as looking for carbonyl groups between 1820-1660 cm-1 and associated functional groups. Common absorption regions for functional groups like O-H, C=O, C-H and others are also presented to aid analysis. Examples of drug spectra are provided for illustration.
A method of obtaining an Infrared spectrum by measuring the interferogram of a sample using an interferometer, then performing a Fourier Transform upon the interferogram to obtain the spectrum.
The document discusses the conjugate base mechanism for the base hydrolysis of cobalt(III) ammine complexes.
1) The complex [Co(NH3)5Cl]2+ acts as a Bronsted acid and loses a proton to form the conjugate base [Co(NH3)4(NH2)Cl]+.
2) The conjugate base is more labile than the original complex and undergoes an SN1 reaction by slowly dissociating chloride, forming a pentacoordinated intermediate.
3) Several experiments provide evidence that the reaction follows a conjugate base mechanism, including second-order kinetics and the rate being independent of hydroxide concentration at high levels.
WHAT IS LIQUID LIQUID EXTRACTION?
STEPS OF LIQUID LIQUID EXTRACTION
SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM OF EXTRACTION PROCESS
WHERE WE CAN USE LIQUID LIQUID EXTRACTION
TERNARY SYSTEM
LIQUID LIQUID EQUILIBRIA
EXPERIMENTAL DETERMINATION OF LLE DATA
GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION OF LLE DATA
EQUILATERAL TRIANGULAR DIAGRAM
EFFECTS OF TEMPERATURE ON ETD
RECTANGULAR TRIANGULAR DIAGRAM
CRITERIA FOR SOLVENT SELECTION
The document discusses the Woodward-Fieser rules for correlating the wavelength of light absorption with molecular structure. Originally developed by Robert Burns Woodward in 1945 and later modified by Louis Frederick Fieser, the rules assign base absorption values and increments for conjugated dienes, trienes, and other functional groups. For example, acyclic conjugated dienes have a base value of 215 nm, with increments of 5 nm for each ring or exocyclic double bond. The rules can be used to determine conjugation, identify unknown compounds, and elucidate molecular structures. Questions are welcomed.
The document discusses protecting groups, focusing on protecting alcohols. It defines protecting groups as functional groups that are stable to reaction conditions but can be easily removed to regenerate the original functional group. The document outlines criteria for protecting groups and then discusses various methods for protecting alcohols, including using acetals, ethers, and silyl ethers. It provides examples of specific protecting groups like THP, MEM, benzyl ethers, and trialkylsilyl ethers.
Molecular weight determination of polymers by viscometrymisha minaal
This document discusses methods for determining the molecular weight of polymers using viscometry. It explains that viscosity is related to molecular weight through equations like the Mark-Houwink and Flory-Fox equations. An Ubbelohde viscometer is commonly used to measure the viscosity of polymer solutions and calculate values like intrinsic viscosity. These viscosity values can then be used in the equations to determine the average molecular weight of the polymer. The document also discusses how melt viscosity relates to molecular weight for linear polymers.
The document discusses radical chain polymerization, specifically free radical polymerization. It covers the basic mechanisms of initiation, propagation, and termination in free radical polymerization as well as factors that influence these steps such as monomer structure, initiator type, and chain transfer reactions. Chain transfer reactions are described as terminating the growing polymer chain and starting a new chain. The document provides examples of different initiator types and monomers that undergo free radical polymerization.
Woodward Feiser Rules -Calculation of absorbtion maximum for conjugated dienes and trienes - for unsaturated carbonyl compounds - benzene and its derivatives
To estimate the amount of zinc as zn2 p2o7 in the given solution of zinc sulp...Mithil Fal Desai
1. The document describes a procedure to estimate the amount of zinc (Zn) in a solution containing zinc sulfate and copper sulfate.
2. Zinc and copper ions are separated by selectively precipitating copper as copper sulfide by bubbling hydrogen sulfide gas through an acidic solution.
3. Zinc ions are then precipitated as ammonium zinc phosphate by adding diammonium hydrogen phosphate in a basic solution.
4. The precipitate is ignited to form zinc pyrophosphate, which is weighed to calculate the amount of original zinc in the solution.
Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography (UPLC) is a newer chromatographic technique that uses smaller particle sizes (1.7-1.8 μm) and higher pressures (>1000 bar) than High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) to improve resolution, sensitivity, and speed of analysis. UPLC provides faster separations, higher peak capacity, and uses less solvent than HPLC. It allows for more complex sample separations to be achieved in shorter time frames. UPLC instrumentation is designed to withstand the higher back pressures and uses specialized analytical columns packed with smaller 1.7 μm particles.
The document discusses Karl Fischer titration (KFT) techniques for determining water content. It describes two common methods - volumetric KFT, which uses a burette to dispense Karl Fischer reagent, and coulometric titration, which generates iodine electrochemically. The key reaction involves iodine oxidizing an intermediate alkylsulfite to alkylsulfate, consuming water. Factors like solvent choice, water content, pH, and kinetics are discussed. The document also outlines how volumetric and coulometric titrators function and how the endpoint is detected.
Protecting groups and deprotection- -OH, -COOH, C=O, -NH2 groups.SANTOSH KUMAR SAHOO
This document discusses various protecting groups used in organic synthesis. It begins by defining a protecting group as a molecular framework that is introduced onto a functional group to block its reactivity under reaction conditions needed for modifications elsewhere in the molecule. The document then summarizes several common protecting groups for hydroxyl, amine, and carboxylic acid functional groups including methyl, benzyl, and silyl ethers for alcohols as well as Boc, Fmoc, Cbz, and other carbamates for amines. It provides details on the formation and cleavage of each protecting group.
Lecture-03 Analytical Methodology or differentiate Techniques, Methods, Proce...University of Okara
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xVd4pldHJRc&t=51s
#Subscribe#like#Share# Don’t forget to Like, Share & Subscribe our Channel “KK-Chemistry with Dr. Hussain Ullah” for more useful videos #Fundamental of AnalyticalChemistry# # Analytical Methodology and basic Terminologies OR Differences between Techniques#Method#Procedure#Protocol# Analyte: Constituent of the sample that is to be studied by quantitative measurements or identified qualitatively. Or the chemical species to be identified or quantitated. It Can be a pure substance or one constituent in a multi-component sample. Sample: A portion of a material selected from a larger quantity of material Matrix: A portion of a material selected from a larger quantity of material OR matrix refers to the components of a sample other than the analyte of interest Or matrix is the medium in which the sample is analysed. » Techniques» Method» Procedure» Protocol Criteria of Primary standard Solutions As we know Primary standards are reference compounds of high purity used in the volumetric analysis for the standardization of other substances., It should have the following properties;
Skoog, D. A., West, P. M., Holler, F. J., Crouch, S. R., Fundamentals of AnalyticalChemistry, 9th ed., Brooks Cole Publishing Company, (2013).
Christian, G. D., Analytical Chemistry. 6th ed., John-Wiley & Sons, New York, (2006).
Harris, D. C., Quantitative Chemical Analysis, 8th ed., W. H. Freeman and Company, New York, USA, (2011).
Bender, G.T. 1987. “Principles of Chemical Instrumentation” W.B. Saunders Co., London.
Reilley, C. 1993. Laboratory Manual of Analytical Chemistry. Allyn& Bacon, London.
Hargis, L.G. 1988. “Analytical Chemistry: Printice Hall Publishers, London.
MERITS OF MICROWAVE ASSISTED REACTIONS
DEMERITS OF MICROWAVE ASSISTED REACTIONS
MECHANISM OF MICROWAVE HEATING
EFFECTS OF SOLVENTS IN MICROWAVE ASSISTED SYNTHESIS
MICROWAVE VERSUS CONVENTIONAL SYNTHESIS
MICROWAVE INSTRUMENTATION
VARIOUS TYPES OF MICROWAVE ASSISTED ORGANIC REACTIONS
APPLICATIONS OF MICROWAVE ASSISTED REACTIONS
Série de séminaires internes "la RMN en pratique" données par le personnel du CCRMN à ses utilisateurs.
Présentation consacrée aux noyaux autres que 1H et 13C
This document provides possible causes and suggested remedies for common gas chromatography (GC) troubleshooting issues. Some key issues addressed include no peaks, missing peaks, too small peaks, increasing or decreasing retention times, declining or rising baselines, interfering peaks, spikes, ghost peaks, broad peaks, fronting, tailing, cut tops, negative peaks, and double peaks. Suggested remedies include checking detector/electronics, gas flow, column installation, temperature programming, sample concentration, and column condition. The document is authored by Hassan Alnajem and provides troubleshooting guidance for resolving a variety of common GC performance problems.
This document discusses high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC). It begins with an introduction and overview of HPTLC principles, instrumentation, differences from TLC, and application steps. The document then provides more details on the HPTLC instrumentation components, factors affecting separation, common stationary and mobile phases used, and application techniques. It concludes by discussing detection methods and some key applications of HPTLC in pharmaceuticals, food analysis, clinical studies, and forensics.
Characterization & structure elucidation of certain classes of Sec.MetabolotesNilesh Thorat
The document discusses the characterization and structure elucidation of terpenoids and alkaloids.
It provides details on the general chromatographic techniques used to study terpenoids, including TLC, gas chromatography, HPLC and column chromatography. Common chemical and physical methods to determine the structure of terpenoids and alkaloids are also summarized, such as determining molecular formula, functional groups, unsaturation, and using spectroscopic and degradation studies. The document focuses on the analytical techniques and reactions used to elucidate organic structures from these important classes of plant secondary metabolites.
Solid Phase Microextraction (SPME) is a solvent-free sampling technique invented in 1990. It uses coated fibers to extract analytes from samples. The fibers are exposed to the sample or its headspace to allow analytes to adsorb to the coating. The fibers are then transferred to an instrument for analyte separation and quantification. SPME offers advantages over other extraction methods like being fast, solvent-free, and having good detection limits. It has various applications in fields like environmental analysis, forensics, and food and drug testing.
There are 6 types of electronic transitions that can occur in molecules: 1) σ→ σ* transition, 2) π → π* transition, 3) n→σ* transition, 4) n→π* transition, 5) σ→π* transition, and 6) π→σ* transition. These electronic transitions can be represented graphically using an energy level diagram.
This document provides guidance on interpreting infrared spectra. It outlines the key features of an IR spectrum and the types of information that can be obtained, such as identifying functional groups present between 4000-1500 cm-1 and determining molecular fingerprints from 1500-400 cm-1. It reviews the requirements for interpretation and general rules for analysis, such as looking for carbonyl groups between 1820-1660 cm-1 and associated functional groups. Common absorption regions for functional groups like O-H, C=O, C-H and others are also presented to aid analysis. Examples of drug spectra are provided for illustration.
A method of obtaining an Infrared spectrum by measuring the interferogram of a sample using an interferometer, then performing a Fourier Transform upon the interferogram to obtain the spectrum.
The document discusses the conjugate base mechanism for the base hydrolysis of cobalt(III) ammine complexes.
1) The complex [Co(NH3)5Cl]2+ acts as a Bronsted acid and loses a proton to form the conjugate base [Co(NH3)4(NH2)Cl]+.
2) The conjugate base is more labile than the original complex and undergoes an SN1 reaction by slowly dissociating chloride, forming a pentacoordinated intermediate.
3) Several experiments provide evidence that the reaction follows a conjugate base mechanism, including second-order kinetics and the rate being independent of hydroxide concentration at high levels.
WHAT IS LIQUID LIQUID EXTRACTION?
STEPS OF LIQUID LIQUID EXTRACTION
SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM OF EXTRACTION PROCESS
WHERE WE CAN USE LIQUID LIQUID EXTRACTION
TERNARY SYSTEM
LIQUID LIQUID EQUILIBRIA
EXPERIMENTAL DETERMINATION OF LLE DATA
GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION OF LLE DATA
EQUILATERAL TRIANGULAR DIAGRAM
EFFECTS OF TEMPERATURE ON ETD
RECTANGULAR TRIANGULAR DIAGRAM
CRITERIA FOR SOLVENT SELECTION
The document discusses the Woodward-Fieser rules for correlating the wavelength of light absorption with molecular structure. Originally developed by Robert Burns Woodward in 1945 and later modified by Louis Frederick Fieser, the rules assign base absorption values and increments for conjugated dienes, trienes, and other functional groups. For example, acyclic conjugated dienes have a base value of 215 nm, with increments of 5 nm for each ring or exocyclic double bond. The rules can be used to determine conjugation, identify unknown compounds, and elucidate molecular structures. Questions are welcomed.
The document discusses protecting groups, focusing on protecting alcohols. It defines protecting groups as functional groups that are stable to reaction conditions but can be easily removed to regenerate the original functional group. The document outlines criteria for protecting groups and then discusses various methods for protecting alcohols, including using acetals, ethers, and silyl ethers. It provides examples of specific protecting groups like THP, MEM, benzyl ethers, and trialkylsilyl ethers.
Molecular weight determination of polymers by viscometrymisha minaal
This document discusses methods for determining the molecular weight of polymers using viscometry. It explains that viscosity is related to molecular weight through equations like the Mark-Houwink and Flory-Fox equations. An Ubbelohde viscometer is commonly used to measure the viscosity of polymer solutions and calculate values like intrinsic viscosity. These viscosity values can then be used in the equations to determine the average molecular weight of the polymer. The document also discusses how melt viscosity relates to molecular weight for linear polymers.
The document discusses radical chain polymerization, specifically free radical polymerization. It covers the basic mechanisms of initiation, propagation, and termination in free radical polymerization as well as factors that influence these steps such as monomer structure, initiator type, and chain transfer reactions. Chain transfer reactions are described as terminating the growing polymer chain and starting a new chain. The document provides examples of different initiator types and monomers that undergo free radical polymerization.
Woodward Feiser Rules -Calculation of absorbtion maximum for conjugated dienes and trienes - for unsaturated carbonyl compounds - benzene and its derivatives
To estimate the amount of zinc as zn2 p2o7 in the given solution of zinc sulp...Mithil Fal Desai
1. The document describes a procedure to estimate the amount of zinc (Zn) in a solution containing zinc sulfate and copper sulfate.
2. Zinc and copper ions are separated by selectively precipitating copper as copper sulfide by bubbling hydrogen sulfide gas through an acidic solution.
3. Zinc ions are then precipitated as ammonium zinc phosphate by adding diammonium hydrogen phosphate in a basic solution.
4. The precipitate is ignited to form zinc pyrophosphate, which is weighed to calculate the amount of original zinc in the solution.
Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography (UPLC) is a newer chromatographic technique that uses smaller particle sizes (1.7-1.8 μm) and higher pressures (>1000 bar) than High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) to improve resolution, sensitivity, and speed of analysis. UPLC provides faster separations, higher peak capacity, and uses less solvent than HPLC. It allows for more complex sample separations to be achieved in shorter time frames. UPLC instrumentation is designed to withstand the higher back pressures and uses specialized analytical columns packed with smaller 1.7 μm particles.
The document discusses Karl Fischer titration (KFT) techniques for determining water content. It describes two common methods - volumetric KFT, which uses a burette to dispense Karl Fischer reagent, and coulometric titration, which generates iodine electrochemically. The key reaction involves iodine oxidizing an intermediate alkylsulfite to alkylsulfate, consuming water. Factors like solvent choice, water content, pH, and kinetics are discussed. The document also outlines how volumetric and coulometric titrators function and how the endpoint is detected.
Protecting groups and deprotection- -OH, -COOH, C=O, -NH2 groups.SANTOSH KUMAR SAHOO
This document discusses various protecting groups used in organic synthesis. It begins by defining a protecting group as a molecular framework that is introduced onto a functional group to block its reactivity under reaction conditions needed for modifications elsewhere in the molecule. The document then summarizes several common protecting groups for hydroxyl, amine, and carboxylic acid functional groups including methyl, benzyl, and silyl ethers for alcohols as well as Boc, Fmoc, Cbz, and other carbamates for amines. It provides details on the formation and cleavage of each protecting group.
Lecture-03 Analytical Methodology or differentiate Techniques, Methods, Proce...University of Okara
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xVd4pldHJRc&t=51s
#Subscribe#like#Share# Don’t forget to Like, Share & Subscribe our Channel “KK-Chemistry with Dr. Hussain Ullah” for more useful videos #Fundamental of AnalyticalChemistry# # Analytical Methodology and basic Terminologies OR Differences between Techniques#Method#Procedure#Protocol# Analyte: Constituent of the sample that is to be studied by quantitative measurements or identified qualitatively. Or the chemical species to be identified or quantitated. It Can be a pure substance or one constituent in a multi-component sample. Sample: A portion of a material selected from a larger quantity of material Matrix: A portion of a material selected from a larger quantity of material OR matrix refers to the components of a sample other than the analyte of interest Or matrix is the medium in which the sample is analysed. » Techniques» Method» Procedure» Protocol Criteria of Primary standard Solutions As we know Primary standards are reference compounds of high purity used in the volumetric analysis for the standardization of other substances., It should have the following properties;
Skoog, D. A., West, P. M., Holler, F. J., Crouch, S. R., Fundamentals of AnalyticalChemistry, 9th ed., Brooks Cole Publishing Company, (2013).
Christian, G. D., Analytical Chemistry. 6th ed., John-Wiley & Sons, New York, (2006).
Harris, D. C., Quantitative Chemical Analysis, 8th ed., W. H. Freeman and Company, New York, USA, (2011).
Bender, G.T. 1987. “Principles of Chemical Instrumentation” W.B. Saunders Co., London.
Reilley, C. 1993. Laboratory Manual of Analytical Chemistry. Allyn& Bacon, London.
Hargis, L.G. 1988. “Analytical Chemistry: Printice Hall Publishers, London.
MERITS OF MICROWAVE ASSISTED REACTIONS
DEMERITS OF MICROWAVE ASSISTED REACTIONS
MECHANISM OF MICROWAVE HEATING
EFFECTS OF SOLVENTS IN MICROWAVE ASSISTED SYNTHESIS
MICROWAVE VERSUS CONVENTIONAL SYNTHESIS
MICROWAVE INSTRUMENTATION
VARIOUS TYPES OF MICROWAVE ASSISTED ORGANIC REACTIONS
APPLICATIONS OF MICROWAVE ASSISTED REACTIONS
Série de séminaires internes "la RMN en pratique" données par le personnel du CCRMN à ses utilisateurs.
Présentation consacrée aux noyaux autres que 1H et 13C
Tomographie par Cohérence Optique: État de l’ArtAntonio Lobo
Presentation sur "Tomographie par Cohérence Optique: État de l'Art", Réunion d'Automne, SEVE - Société d'Exploration Visuelle et Electrophysiologie (HE-UFP,Gondomar, Portugal, 5-6 Septembre 2014).
This document summarizes information about operations and services at the CCRMN newcomers meeting. It outlines how to register as a user, submit analysis requests, prepare samples, access spectrometers and data, and opportunities for training on instruments and collaboration. Key points covered are how to register as a user, submit analysis requests online, requirements for sample preparation like tube height, and availability of on-demand and self-service analyses after training.
This document provides information about various NMR experiments and parameters that can be performed on instruments at the Centre Commun de RMN de l'université Lyon1. It discusses topics like practical NMR seminars, NMR tubes, solvents, magnetic fields, signal to noise ratios, quantitative analysis, decoupling, analysis temperature, solvent presaturation, TOCSY, ROESY, and proton broad band decoupling. Examples are provided on different instruments to demonstrate the effects of varying parameters like magnetic field strength, pulse sequence, relaxation delay, number of scans, and probe type on the resulting NMR spectrum.
This document provides instructions for operating a spectrometer in both routine and automatic modes. The steps include inserting and calibrating a sample, selecting solvent and experiment parameters, starting the experiment, monitoring analysis steps, and recovering the sample after completion.
Les choses à savoir avant de passer l'habilitation pour utiliser le spectromètre RMN AVL300 (passeur continu) du Cenetre COmmun de RMN de l'université Lyon1.
1. La RMN 2D
hétéronucléaire
Séminaires "la RMN en pratique"
Centre Commun de RMN de l'université Lyon1,
bâtiment Lederer, 1 rue Victor Grignard, 69616 Villeurbanne
2. La RMN 2D hétéronucléaire
c
H
c O
H H
cc
HSQC, HMQC (détection 1H)
HetCor (détection X)
HMBC
c
H
c O
H H
cc
H
c
H
"through bond"
"through space"
HOESY
H
c c
X
c
H
c
c
3. La RMN 2D hétéronucléaire
Tube test cyclosporine, 500MHz, 4 scans, sonde BBFO
t1=0
t1=in0
t1=2in0
t1=3in0
t1=TD(F1)*in0
in0=1/SW(F1)
AQ
13C
1H
1/2J 1/2Jd0 d01/2J 1/2J
16. 1J 1H/13C : les HSQC sélectives
Tube test cylosporine, 500MHz, 4 scans, sonde BBFO
HSQC fenêtre "normale" , zoom HSQC fenêtre réduite HSQC sélective
Si / No = 90
expt = 2h30
pas de signaux repliés, meilleur
SiNo, expérience longue
Si / No = 38
expt = 20mn
nombreux signaux repliés, SiNo
faible, expérience courte
Si / No = 30
expt = 17mn
peu de signaux repliés, SiNo
faible, expérience courte
on sélectionne les H qui sont attachés à des 13C, ceux attachés à des 12C ne donnent pas de signal
pulse en clair : refocalise les couplages proton pendant l'évolution du 13C découplage proton, a enlever si on veut garder les couplages
HMQC + robuste si mauvais atma ou pulse mal calibré. Pendant le d0 magnétisation du 13C et du 1H évoluent élargissement des signaux X par les couplages avec H.
pulses 180 sur X il faut mettre des pulses adiabatiques à haut champ pour irradier toute la gamme.
HSQC et HMQC
in=50u, TDF1=200 AQ F1 de 50u à 10m
JLR=8Hz JMIN=120, Jmax=170
1/2JLR=60ms filtre 1J ajoute 5ms + 2*d0 (d0 de 50u à 10m)