Un procédé de traitement des déchets et de réintroduction des matériaux qui en sont issus dans le cycle de production d’autres produits équivalents ou différents
Epoxy resins are thermosetting polymers containing at least two epoxide groups. They are prepared through the reaction of bisphenol A and epichlorohydrin to form bisphenol A diglycidyl ethers. Epoxy resins can be cured through reaction with amines, acids, or anhydrides, forming a cross-linked three dimensional network structure. Common applications include surface coatings, composites with fibers like carbon and glass, which provide high strength and stiffness with lighter weight than metals.
Injection Molding (MIT 2.008x Lecture Slides)A. John Hart
The document discusses injection molding. It begins with an overview of injection molding and the types of products made through the process. It then covers the fundamentals of polymers used in injection molding, including their properties and how they behave under heat and pressure. The document outlines the key components of injection molding machines and mold tooling, and reviews the injection molding process parameters and how they impact the filling and cooling cycles. It also discusses common defects and guidelines for part design. Advanced topics covered include side-action molding, insert molding, and overmolding.
Recycling Composites presentation by Stella Job at the Technical Briefing Day22 April 2015, as one of the three key areas of the RNLI Lifeboat Decommissioning Challenge.
This presentation contains the basics of the composites, types of the composites and the processing of the composites or we can say that manufacturing of the composites. This presentation can also help who are working on the de-lamination of the laminates.
Carbon-carbon composites are lightweight materials made of carbon fibers reinforced with a carbon matrix. They were first developed in 1958 but not extensively researched until the Space Shuttle Program. Carbon-carbon composites can withstand temperatures over 3000°C and are strong, rigid, and lightweight. They are produced by infiltrating carbon fibers with liquid or gas precursors and pyrolyzing them to leave behind a carbon matrix.
High performance polymers such as PEEK, PAI, and PI are used for their high strength, heat resistance, and chemical resistance. They are more expensive than traditional plastics but are lighter weight. The aerospace, medical, and coating industries are major users of high performance plastics to replace heavier materials like metal. Additives are used to improve processing and mechanical properties or provide other functions. The high performance plastics market is expected to grow to $35 billion by 2026 due to increasing demand in aerospace, medical, and other industries.
This document discusses masterbatch, which is polymer granules containing a high percentage of additives that are optimally dispersed and encapsulated in a carrier material. There are three main types of masterbatch: color masterbatch for coloring plastics, additive masterbatch for imparting certain properties, and filler masterbatch for cost reduction. The goal of masterbatch production is ideal dispersion and distribution of pigments or additives in the polymer matrix without agglomeration. This can be achieved through single or two-stage production processes using an extruder to mix and disperse the components. The document provides examples of effect pigments, common additive types, and fillers that are used in masterbatch production.
Un procédé de traitement des déchets et de réintroduction des matériaux qui en sont issus dans le cycle de production d’autres produits équivalents ou différents
Epoxy resins are thermosetting polymers containing at least two epoxide groups. They are prepared through the reaction of bisphenol A and epichlorohydrin to form bisphenol A diglycidyl ethers. Epoxy resins can be cured through reaction with amines, acids, or anhydrides, forming a cross-linked three dimensional network structure. Common applications include surface coatings, composites with fibers like carbon and glass, which provide high strength and stiffness with lighter weight than metals.
Injection Molding (MIT 2.008x Lecture Slides)A. John Hart
The document discusses injection molding. It begins with an overview of injection molding and the types of products made through the process. It then covers the fundamentals of polymers used in injection molding, including their properties and how they behave under heat and pressure. The document outlines the key components of injection molding machines and mold tooling, and reviews the injection molding process parameters and how they impact the filling and cooling cycles. It also discusses common defects and guidelines for part design. Advanced topics covered include side-action molding, insert molding, and overmolding.
Recycling Composites presentation by Stella Job at the Technical Briefing Day22 April 2015, as one of the three key areas of the RNLI Lifeboat Decommissioning Challenge.
This presentation contains the basics of the composites, types of the composites and the processing of the composites or we can say that manufacturing of the composites. This presentation can also help who are working on the de-lamination of the laminates.
Carbon-carbon composites are lightweight materials made of carbon fibers reinforced with a carbon matrix. They were first developed in 1958 but not extensively researched until the Space Shuttle Program. Carbon-carbon composites can withstand temperatures over 3000°C and are strong, rigid, and lightweight. They are produced by infiltrating carbon fibers with liquid or gas precursors and pyrolyzing them to leave behind a carbon matrix.
High performance polymers such as PEEK, PAI, and PI are used for their high strength, heat resistance, and chemical resistance. They are more expensive than traditional plastics but are lighter weight. The aerospace, medical, and coating industries are major users of high performance plastics to replace heavier materials like metal. Additives are used to improve processing and mechanical properties or provide other functions. The high performance plastics market is expected to grow to $35 billion by 2026 due to increasing demand in aerospace, medical, and other industries.
This document discusses masterbatch, which is polymer granules containing a high percentage of additives that are optimally dispersed and encapsulated in a carrier material. There are three main types of masterbatch: color masterbatch for coloring plastics, additive masterbatch for imparting certain properties, and filler masterbatch for cost reduction. The goal of masterbatch production is ideal dispersion and distribution of pigments or additives in the polymer matrix without agglomeration. This can be achieved through single or two-stage production processes using an extruder to mix and disperse the components. The document provides examples of effect pigments, common additive types, and fillers that are used in masterbatch production.
This document discusses various types of polymer matrix composites, their processing techniques, and applications. It begins by defining polymer matrix composites and describing different types of matrices, including thermoset and thermoplastic polymers. Several processing methods for thermoset composites are then outlined, such as hand layup, filament winding, and resin transfer molding. Common thermoplastic processing techniques like injection molding and film stacking are also mentioned. The document concludes by noting some applications of polymer matrix composites.
Prepreg is reinforcing fabric pre-impregnated with epoxy resin and curing agent. It requires heat and pressure to cure the laminate. Prepregs offer advantages like maximum strength, uniform thickness, less mess and waste, and shorter curing times compared to hand-layup. However, prepregs cost more and have a limited shelf life requiring storage at cooler temperatures. Proper curing requires a heat source like an oven to reach 270F and sustain it for 4 hours under vacuum bagging.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help boost feelings of calmness, happiness and focus.
Composite materials in aerospace applicationsUfuk KORTAĞ
This document discusses the use of composite materials in the aerospace industry. It defines composites as materials made from two or more components and describes several types used in aircraft like carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) and glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP). Composites provide benefits for aircraft like weight reduction and high strength to weight ratio. Major applications include aircraft fuselages, wings, and tail components. Composites now make up over 50% of the total weight of some aircraft like Airbus planes.
Advanced Composite Materials & Technologies for DefenceDigitech Rathod
This document discusses advanced composite materials and technologies for defense applications. It covers composites for armor applications, including novel ceramic materials and modeling of material response to high-rate loading. It discusses fibers and resins used in ballistic armor composites. Different threats are outlined and the technical requirements for armor are discussed. Body armor design considerations around weight, flexibility and cost are presented.
Ceramic matrix composites (CMCs) have ceramic matrices reinforced with fibers like carbon or silicon carbide. This gives CMCs high strength, hardness, and temperature tolerance with low density. Common manufacturing involves hot pressing prepreg tapes made from ceramic powder, fibers, and binder.
Carbon-carbon (C-C) composites use carbon fibers in a carbon matrix, allowing use up to 3,315°C. The carbon reinforcement prevents catastrophic failure and improves properties. C-C composites are made through low-pressure carbonization and pyrolysis of phenolic resin-impregnated carbon cloth layers.
C-C composites are used in spacecraft nose cones, aircraft brakes
Prejudices about polyamide for multilayer filmsTed Brink
Although polyamide is widely used for the production of multilayer films, still some prejudices are persistent.
This presentation tries to explain the character of these prejudices to end with the conclusion that polyamide is a versatile polymer with good properties for multilayer films.
This document provides an overview of melt flow testing based on ISO 1133 and ASTM D1238 standards. Melt flow testing measures the mass or volume of melted polymer that flows through a die in 10 minutes at a specified temperature. It is commonly used for quality control of thermoplastics to verify materials, check quality, compare new materials, and predict polymer processing behavior. Key factors that can influence melt flow results include temperature accuracy and stability, sample preparation and moisture content, compaction method, density value used, manual test operations, die and piston maintenance, and cleaning procedures.
Natural rubber is obtained from latex extracted from rubber trees. It is composed primarily of the monomer isoprene. Throughout history, various advancements were made in rubber technology, including vulcanization which allows rubber to retain its shape. There are now many types of both natural and synthetic rubbers produced for various applications. The basic rubber compound involves mixing the rubber polymer with sulfur, zinc oxide, stearic acid, and accelerators. Additional components like fillers and plasticizers are often included to modify the properties of the cured rubber material. Rubber is processed using equipment like mills, mixers, extruders, calenders, and molds.
This document discusses different types of thermoset polymer matrices used in composite materials. It describes epoxy, polyester, vinyl ester, and polyimide resins. Epoxy resin is commonly used in aerospace structures due to its good adherence to fibers, curing options, and chemical resistance. However, it has relatively high cost and long curing time. Polyester resin is lower cost but has higher shrinkage and lower strength than epoxy. Vinyl ester resin combines properties of epoxy and polyester resins. Thermoset polyimides offer high temperature resistance but are inherently brittle. The document provides advantages and disadvantages as well as applications for each resin type.
A NEW MINERAL SOLUTION FOR POLYPROPYLENE AUTOMOTIVE LIGHTWEIGHTING APPLICATIONiQHub
This document discusses a new high aspect ratio (HAR) talc mineral solution for polypropylene automotive lightweighting applications. It begins with an overview of Imerys, the company presenting, and their talc product range. It then introduces a new HAR talc that provides improved impact resistance over existing HAR talc while maintaining stiffness properties. Experimental results on polypropylene copolymer and thermoplastic olefin formulations show the new HAR talc enhances impact resistance by 40-60% compared to standard HAR talc. The document concludes with a discussion of potential density reductions and energy savings from using the new HAR talc in automotive components based on a life cycle assessment.
This document discusses composite materials, including their history, components, types, applications, advantages, and disadvantages. Composite materials are composed of two or more constituent materials that differ in composition and remain separate when combined. Historically, Egyptians used mud and straw composites in 1500 BC, while Mongols invented composite bows in the 1200s using wood, bone, and glue. Modern composites use plastics and fibers and have stronger, stiffer, and lighter properties than metals. They contain a matrix, such as polymer, metal, or ceramic, that is reinforced with fibers or particles. Common composites include fiberglass, carbon fiber, and Kevlar in various matrices. Their advantages include tailorable properties while disadvantages include cost
This document provides an introduction to composite materials, including:
- A composite consists of two or more materials combined to take advantage of their combined properties. Composites have higher strength and stiffness than metals but allow for tailored design.
- Common fibers include glass, carbon, and aramid, and matrices include polymers, metals, and ceramics. Different manufacturing methods are used to produce composites.
- Composites have advantages over metals like higher strength-to-weight and stiffness-to-weight ratios, corrosion resistance, and fatigue life. Their properties can be optimized for different applications.
Polymer matrix composites consist of a polymer matrix reinforced with fibers. They offer advantages over unreinforced polymers like higher strength and stiffness. Common polymer matrices are thermosetting resins like epoxy and thermoplastics. Reinforcements include glass, carbon, and Kevlar fibers. Fiber orientation, concentration, and matrix properties determine the composite properties. Manufacturing methods for polymer composites include compression molding, injection molding, transfer molding, pultrusion, hand lay-up, spray-up, tape lay-up, and filament winding. Open molding is used for large parts while closed molding allows mass production.
The document provides an overview of latex foam, including its history, production processes, and comparisons between natural and synthetic latex. It details how latex was originally sourced from Brazil but is now primarily from Southeast Asia. The two most common production processes are described - Dunlop which gels and vulcanizes liquid latex, and Talalay which whips and freeze-dries latex foam for a more homogeneous structure. Benefits of synthetic latex discussed are lower shipping costs, more stable supply to meet increasing demand, and easier quality control.
This document provides an overview of bladder curing presses and their components. It describes the bladder, which forms the inside surface of a tire during vulcanization. It explains the principle of bladder dimensioning and the components of a bladder mould. It then contrasts conventional bladder curing presses, which use a ram cylinder, with a newer compact design that lowers the head instead of raising the ram for faster opening and closing cycles. Finally, it lists the sizes and contact information for the manufacturer.
Manufacture of Plastic Films, HDPE and Thermoset Plastics Ajjay Kumar Gupta
This document provides information on manufacturing plastic films and thermoset plastics. It discusses various plastic film types including BOPP films, polyester films, polyolefins, polypropylene, and more. It also covers high-density polyethylene and thermoset plastics. The document outlines the market outlook and production processes for these materials. It includes details on the global plastic films market size, Indian plastic industry growth, and demand forecasts. Chapters cover topics like manufacturing methods, printing, wrapping equipment, unsaturated polyester resins, and more.
Composite materials are composed of two or more constituents that differ in composition and remain separated on a macro scale. Composites are classified based on their matrix, such as metal matrix composites, ceramic matrix composites, and polymer matrix composites, as well as the geometry of the reinforcement, such as particles, fibers, or layers. Composites enhance the properties of the matrix, for example improving strength, toughness, creep resistance, and elastic modulus. Fiber-reinforced composites can have estimated elastic modulus and tensile strength along the fiber direction and properties that are either isotropic or anisotropic depending on fiber alignment. Structural composites involve layering of materials like sandwiches to achieve properties like light weight and high bending
This document discusses materials. It does not provide any details about specific materials or their properties. In just one word, the document title "Materials" provides no context or substance about the topic being addressed.
This document discusses various types of polymer matrix composites, their processing techniques, and applications. It begins by defining polymer matrix composites and describing different types of matrices, including thermoset and thermoplastic polymers. Several processing methods for thermoset composites are then outlined, such as hand layup, filament winding, and resin transfer molding. Common thermoplastic processing techniques like injection molding and film stacking are also mentioned. The document concludes by noting some applications of polymer matrix composites.
Prepreg is reinforcing fabric pre-impregnated with epoxy resin and curing agent. It requires heat and pressure to cure the laminate. Prepregs offer advantages like maximum strength, uniform thickness, less mess and waste, and shorter curing times compared to hand-layup. However, prepregs cost more and have a limited shelf life requiring storage at cooler temperatures. Proper curing requires a heat source like an oven to reach 270F and sustain it for 4 hours under vacuum bagging.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help boost feelings of calmness, happiness and focus.
Composite materials in aerospace applicationsUfuk KORTAĞ
This document discusses the use of composite materials in the aerospace industry. It defines composites as materials made from two or more components and describes several types used in aircraft like carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) and glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP). Composites provide benefits for aircraft like weight reduction and high strength to weight ratio. Major applications include aircraft fuselages, wings, and tail components. Composites now make up over 50% of the total weight of some aircraft like Airbus planes.
Advanced Composite Materials & Technologies for DefenceDigitech Rathod
This document discusses advanced composite materials and technologies for defense applications. It covers composites for armor applications, including novel ceramic materials and modeling of material response to high-rate loading. It discusses fibers and resins used in ballistic armor composites. Different threats are outlined and the technical requirements for armor are discussed. Body armor design considerations around weight, flexibility and cost are presented.
Ceramic matrix composites (CMCs) have ceramic matrices reinforced with fibers like carbon or silicon carbide. This gives CMCs high strength, hardness, and temperature tolerance with low density. Common manufacturing involves hot pressing prepreg tapes made from ceramic powder, fibers, and binder.
Carbon-carbon (C-C) composites use carbon fibers in a carbon matrix, allowing use up to 3,315°C. The carbon reinforcement prevents catastrophic failure and improves properties. C-C composites are made through low-pressure carbonization and pyrolysis of phenolic resin-impregnated carbon cloth layers.
C-C composites are used in spacecraft nose cones, aircraft brakes
Prejudices about polyamide for multilayer filmsTed Brink
Although polyamide is widely used for the production of multilayer films, still some prejudices are persistent.
This presentation tries to explain the character of these prejudices to end with the conclusion that polyamide is a versatile polymer with good properties for multilayer films.
This document provides an overview of melt flow testing based on ISO 1133 and ASTM D1238 standards. Melt flow testing measures the mass or volume of melted polymer that flows through a die in 10 minutes at a specified temperature. It is commonly used for quality control of thermoplastics to verify materials, check quality, compare new materials, and predict polymer processing behavior. Key factors that can influence melt flow results include temperature accuracy and stability, sample preparation and moisture content, compaction method, density value used, manual test operations, die and piston maintenance, and cleaning procedures.
Natural rubber is obtained from latex extracted from rubber trees. It is composed primarily of the monomer isoprene. Throughout history, various advancements were made in rubber technology, including vulcanization which allows rubber to retain its shape. There are now many types of both natural and synthetic rubbers produced for various applications. The basic rubber compound involves mixing the rubber polymer with sulfur, zinc oxide, stearic acid, and accelerators. Additional components like fillers and plasticizers are often included to modify the properties of the cured rubber material. Rubber is processed using equipment like mills, mixers, extruders, calenders, and molds.
This document discusses different types of thermoset polymer matrices used in composite materials. It describes epoxy, polyester, vinyl ester, and polyimide resins. Epoxy resin is commonly used in aerospace structures due to its good adherence to fibers, curing options, and chemical resistance. However, it has relatively high cost and long curing time. Polyester resin is lower cost but has higher shrinkage and lower strength than epoxy. Vinyl ester resin combines properties of epoxy and polyester resins. Thermoset polyimides offer high temperature resistance but are inherently brittle. The document provides advantages and disadvantages as well as applications for each resin type.
A NEW MINERAL SOLUTION FOR POLYPROPYLENE AUTOMOTIVE LIGHTWEIGHTING APPLICATIONiQHub
This document discusses a new high aspect ratio (HAR) talc mineral solution for polypropylene automotive lightweighting applications. It begins with an overview of Imerys, the company presenting, and their talc product range. It then introduces a new HAR talc that provides improved impact resistance over existing HAR talc while maintaining stiffness properties. Experimental results on polypropylene copolymer and thermoplastic olefin formulations show the new HAR talc enhances impact resistance by 40-60% compared to standard HAR talc. The document concludes with a discussion of potential density reductions and energy savings from using the new HAR talc in automotive components based on a life cycle assessment.
This document discusses composite materials, including their history, components, types, applications, advantages, and disadvantages. Composite materials are composed of two or more constituent materials that differ in composition and remain separate when combined. Historically, Egyptians used mud and straw composites in 1500 BC, while Mongols invented composite bows in the 1200s using wood, bone, and glue. Modern composites use plastics and fibers and have stronger, stiffer, and lighter properties than metals. They contain a matrix, such as polymer, metal, or ceramic, that is reinforced with fibers or particles. Common composites include fiberglass, carbon fiber, and Kevlar in various matrices. Their advantages include tailorable properties while disadvantages include cost
This document provides an introduction to composite materials, including:
- A composite consists of two or more materials combined to take advantage of their combined properties. Composites have higher strength and stiffness than metals but allow for tailored design.
- Common fibers include glass, carbon, and aramid, and matrices include polymers, metals, and ceramics. Different manufacturing methods are used to produce composites.
- Composites have advantages over metals like higher strength-to-weight and stiffness-to-weight ratios, corrosion resistance, and fatigue life. Their properties can be optimized for different applications.
Polymer matrix composites consist of a polymer matrix reinforced with fibers. They offer advantages over unreinforced polymers like higher strength and stiffness. Common polymer matrices are thermosetting resins like epoxy and thermoplastics. Reinforcements include glass, carbon, and Kevlar fibers. Fiber orientation, concentration, and matrix properties determine the composite properties. Manufacturing methods for polymer composites include compression molding, injection molding, transfer molding, pultrusion, hand lay-up, spray-up, tape lay-up, and filament winding. Open molding is used for large parts while closed molding allows mass production.
The document provides an overview of latex foam, including its history, production processes, and comparisons between natural and synthetic latex. It details how latex was originally sourced from Brazil but is now primarily from Southeast Asia. The two most common production processes are described - Dunlop which gels and vulcanizes liquid latex, and Talalay which whips and freeze-dries latex foam for a more homogeneous structure. Benefits of synthetic latex discussed are lower shipping costs, more stable supply to meet increasing demand, and easier quality control.
This document provides an overview of bladder curing presses and their components. It describes the bladder, which forms the inside surface of a tire during vulcanization. It explains the principle of bladder dimensioning and the components of a bladder mould. It then contrasts conventional bladder curing presses, which use a ram cylinder, with a newer compact design that lowers the head instead of raising the ram for faster opening and closing cycles. Finally, it lists the sizes and contact information for the manufacturer.
Manufacture of Plastic Films, HDPE and Thermoset Plastics Ajjay Kumar Gupta
This document provides information on manufacturing plastic films and thermoset plastics. It discusses various plastic film types including BOPP films, polyester films, polyolefins, polypropylene, and more. It also covers high-density polyethylene and thermoset plastics. The document outlines the market outlook and production processes for these materials. It includes details on the global plastic films market size, Indian plastic industry growth, and demand forecasts. Chapters cover topics like manufacturing methods, printing, wrapping equipment, unsaturated polyester resins, and more.
Composite materials are composed of two or more constituents that differ in composition and remain separated on a macro scale. Composites are classified based on their matrix, such as metal matrix composites, ceramic matrix composites, and polymer matrix composites, as well as the geometry of the reinforcement, such as particles, fibers, or layers. Composites enhance the properties of the matrix, for example improving strength, toughness, creep resistance, and elastic modulus. Fiber-reinforced composites can have estimated elastic modulus and tensile strength along the fiber direction and properties that are either isotropic or anisotropic depending on fiber alignment. Structural composites involve layering of materials like sandwiches to achieve properties like light weight and high bending
This document discusses materials. It does not provide any details about specific materials or their properties. In just one word, the document title "Materials" provides no context or substance about the topic being addressed.
Master thesis seminar" Carbon footprint of pultruded composite products in Au...Samer Ziadeh
Master thesis research about the calculations of carbon footprint and energy consumption of composites materials used in Automotive industry. The materials used are Glass fiber and polyester which manufactured by Pultrusion process as a profile used in Buses as a side panels. Highlights the reduction of emitted CO2 and energy usage when using the composites materials in comparison with high amounts of CO2 and energy usage emitted with other conventional materials.
Composite Plate Optimization with Practical Design ConstraintsAltair
Composite free size optimization has the potential to generate weight savings and performance improvements for many applications of composite structures. Key to realizing such improvements is practical application of design and manufacturing constraints in the optimization model.
Offre de formation en composites en WalloniePlusComposites
Présenté lors du « Forum européen des métiers et des formations dans le Domaine des matériaux composites », organisé par le projet +Composites le 7 février 2013 à St Quentin, France.
En savoir plus : http://www.pluscomposites.eu
Auteurs :
Jacques Devaux de IMCN Institut de la Matière Condensée et des Nanosciences
Anne Grzyb de IUFC Institut Universitaire de Formation Continue
S3 - Process product optimization design experiments response surface methodo...CAChemE
Session 3/4 – Central composite designs, second order models, ANOVA, blocking, qualitative factors
An intensive practical course mainly for PhD-students on the use of designs of experiments (DOE) and response surface methodology (RSM) for optimization problems. The course covers relevant background, nomenclature and general theory of DOE and RSM modelling for factorial and optimisation designs in addition to practical exercises in Matlab. Due to time limitations, the course concentrates on linear and quadratic models on the k≤3 design dimension. This course is an ideal starting point for every experimental engineering wanting to work effectively, extract maximal information and predict the future behaviour of their system.
Mikko Mäkelä (DSc, Tech) is a postdoctoral fellow at the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences in Umeå, Sweden and is currently visiting the Department of Chemical Engineering at the University of Alicante. He is working in close cooperation with Paul Geladi, Professor of Chemometrics, and using DOE and RSM for process optimization mainly for the valorization of industrial wastes in laboratory and pilot scales.”
The course took place at the University of Alicante and would not had been possible without the support of the Instituto Universitario de Ingeniería de Procesos Químicos.
Rayon is a semi-synthetic fiber made from regenerated cellulose. It is produced through a process that involves dissolving cellulose pulp in chemicals to form a solution called viscose, which is then extruded through spinnerets into an acid bath to harden the fibers. The fibers are then stretched, washed, and cut or left as filaments. Rayon has properties between synthetic and natural fibers - it is strong and absorbent like cotton but can be dyed in bright colors. It is used widely in apparel, home textiles, and industrial products like tires.
Composite materials technology overview andrew georgeWalt Maruszczak
The document discusses composite materials and provides an overview of composites technology. It defines composites as materials made from a combination of fiber reinforcement and a polymer matrix. The document then focuses on different types of resins used in composites, specifically discussing unsaturated polyester resins which are the most commonly used thermosetting resin. It explains how unsaturated polyesters undergo polymerization during production and crosslinking during curing to solidify. The properties of the composite can be tailored by adjusting the chemical composition of the unsaturated polyester resin.
Polyester resins are made from di-acids and glycols in a condensation reaction that produces water as a byproduct. They are the most common and inexpensive composite resins, and are used to make products like molding compounds, adhesives, and coatings. Styrene is often added as a reactive diluent to reduce viscosity and allow for easier processing. When cured with an initiator like a peroxide, the styrene participates in free radical chain reactions that crosslink the polyester polymers into a thermoset network. While polyesters have many advantages, styrene emissions during curing can cause health issues, so new formulations aim to reduce or eliminate styrene.
Open Badges / Badges Ouverts Numériques — Reconnaître les apprentissages in...Serge Ravet
Programme « journée Open Badges »
le mercredi 11 juin 2014 de 10h à 17h à l’Espace Mendès France, Poitiers, France
1 place de la Cathédrale, 86000 Poitiers
Participation libre et gratuite, inscription conseillée (voir ci après)
10 h : Accueil et présentation des objectifs de la journée
par Didier Moreau, directeur de l’Espace Mendès France, et Serge Ravet, ADPIOS, Europortfolio, spécialiste des technologies et de l’apprentissage, animateur de la communauté ePortfolios et Open Badges, organisateur de la conférence ePIC (ePortfolio & identity Conference)
Ateliers Open Badges / Badges Ouverts Numériques (BON)
Découvrez le pouvoir des Badges pour ouvrir à tous l’éducation et la reconnaissance des compétences, des talents et réalisations de chacun.
Trois ateliers et un repas convivial sont au programme de la journée. Le travail de conception des badges se fera avec papier et crayons/marqueurs. Votre ordinateur portable ou votre tablette sont les bienvenus (mais pas requis) pour mettre en ligne le résultat final. Cette dernière partie pourra aussi être réalisée après la fin de l’atelier.
Les participants aux ateliers recevront un BON !
10 h 30 : Atelier 1 — Découverte — durée 1h30
Après une présentation de 20 minutes sur ce que sont les Badges Ouverts Numériques, les participants travailleront en petits groupes à la conception de leurs premiers badge en s’appuyant sur le canevas joint en annexe.
12h : Repas (pris en charge pour les participants inscrits avant le 5 juin 2014)
13 h 30 : Atelier 2 — Enjeux — durée 1h30
A partir du travail effectué dans le premier atelier, les participants travaillerontpr en petits groupes pour mettre en valeur les différents enjeux, défis, avantages, inconvénients, forces, faiblesses, risques et opportunités engendrés par l’utilisation des Badges dans leur contexte professionnel et/ou social.
15 h 30 : Atelier 3 — Stratégie — durée 1h30
A partir du travail effectué dans les ateliers précédents, les participants travailleront en petits groupes pour établir ce que pourrait être une stratégie d’intégration d’une initiative Badge (individuelle ou organisationnelle) dans un écosystème de Badges émis et consommés par une variété des parties prenantes et de services.
17 h : Clôture
The document summarizes growth opportunities in the global composites industry from 2012 to 2017. It finds that the global composite materials industry reached $19.6 billion in 2011 and is expected to reach $29.9 billion by 2017, representing a compound annual growth rate of around 7%. Key growth drivers include increasing demand from industries like automotive, aerospace, and wind energy. The automotive composites market in particular is forecast to grow from $2.8 billion to $4.3 billion over this period, driven by interest from automakers in using carbon fiber to reduce vehicle weight.
I am the student of Textile Institute of Pakistan in the discipline of Textile Science [B.Sc( Hons)] & this presentation is about Viscose Rayon fiber, its manufacturing, its chemical composition, its types, its modification, its identification and its uses.
Carbon fiber is a strong yet lightweight material made by processing precursor fibers through stabilization, carbonization, and sometimes graphitization stages. There are two main precursors used: polyacrylonitrile (PAN) and pitch. PAN precursor involves oxidation and pyrolysis heating steps, while pitch precursor involves polymerization, stabilization in oxygen, and carbonization in inert gas. Carbon fiber has very high tensile strength, low density, and good electrical conductivity. Its major applications are in aerospace and aircraft industries, automotive bodies, sports equipment, civil engineering, and wind turbine blades due to its advantages of light weight, high strength, and temperature insensitivity. India's first carbon fiber manufacturing plant was inaugurated in 2010.
L’éco-conception peut être aujourd’hui un vrai projet collaboratif intégrant les acteurs de la Supply Chain.
Airbus Helicopter (ex-Eurocopter) en est un l’exemple : avec 80% des produits de l’hélicoptère achetés issus en grande partie de PME, Airbus Helicopter confirme qu’il est indispensable de travailler en collaboration avec toute la chaîne de fournisseurs sur l’impact environnemental des produits et procédés.
C’était l’objectif du projet de recherche européen CORINE, Conception Optimisée pour la Réduction de l’Impact des Nuisances Environnementales, qui vient de se clôturer fin septembre. Il a permis de rassembler plusieurs PME autour de leur donneur d'ordres pour avancer sur la thématique de l'éco-conception et développer une base de données et un outil dédiés.
Selon Claire COPEL, responsable du service Green Technologies au Laboratoire Matériaux et Procédés d’Airbus Helicopter, dans numéro 2377 d’Air&Cosmos « Cet outil va permettre d'ajouter l'enjeu environnemental aux différents critères pris en compte dans la recherche et la conception de nos appareils. […] Maintenant […] nous allons pouvoir déployer l’approche à plus grande échelle ».
C’est dans cette perspective que le pole ASTech Paris Region, en partenariat avec EcoMundo (partenaire du projet CORINE), vous propose un atelier gratuit consacré à l’éco-conception et à la découverte de l’outil logiciel CORINE développé dans le cadre du projet et utilisé par Eurocopter.
Travaux de recherche de l'Instititut des Matériaux Jean Rouxel / CNRS à Nantes. Etat de la recherche sur les différentes formes de stockage couvrant les photobatteries, supercondensateurs, électrolyseurs, piles à combustibles et les projets du territoire (ValorPAC / Intégration d’une pile à combustible dans une chaîne de valorisation de déchets avec gazéification).
Séminaire de clôture du projet SOTHERCO | Arlon (ULg) - 20 septembre 2017Cluster TWEED
Workshop de clôture du projet SOTHERCO : développement d'un stockage compact de la chaleur sous forme thermochimique, avec de nombreux partenaires nationaux (Besol, UMons, ULB, ULg) et internationaux (UVSQ, INES et Clipso pour la France et AIT pour l'Autriche).
Sommet wallon Air Climat Energie - Des entreprises exemplaires, moteurs de la...Cluster TWEED
Quel est le rôle des entreprises dans la transition ? Quelles sont leurs motivations ? De quoi ont-elles besoin pour réussir ? De quel soutien réglementaire, de quel type d’incitant ? Cet atelier, organisé le 22 novembre 2018 das le cadre du Sommet wallon Air Climat Energie, a mis en évidence des entreprises (Biowanze, Bridgestone, Groupe François, Enersol) mettant en œuvre volontairement des processus innovants, intégrés ou encore en allant de manière volontariste au-delà des normes prescrites. L'animation fut réalisée par le Cluster TWEED.
Mise en place d'une politique visant à limiter la diversité des matériaux, à favoriser la conception mono-matériau et la fabrication de nouvelles pièces à partir de matériaux recyclés
Présentation projet BIOVALSAN aux 16e Assises de l'Energie, Bordeaux 28-01-2015Olaf LUTHER
Présentation du projet BIOVALSAN aux 16e Assises de l'Energie à Bordeaux le 28-01-2015. Première station d'épuration en France à produire du biométhane pour l'injecter dans le réseau de distribution de gaz naturel. Projet pilote réalisé avec le soutien du programme LIFE+ de la Commission Européenne.
Auteur : Frédéric Pierre, SUEZ Environnement.
Le Bâtiment, l'empreinte environnementale et les énergies renouvelablesNovabuild
Lors d'une réunion organisée par le CINA (commission Immobilier d'Entreprise & Habitat), la problématique des énergies renouvelables a été élargie à l'empreinte environnementale des bâtiments, depuis la trajectoire 1,5 à 2 °C du GIEC jusqu'à la RE 2020.
Formation M2i - Onboarding réussi - les clés pour intégrer efficacement vos n...M2i Formation
Améliorez l'intégration de vos nouveaux collaborateurs grâce à notre formation flash sur l'onboarding. Découvrez des stratégies éprouvées et des outils pratiques pour transformer l'intégration en une expérience fluide et efficace, et faire de chaque nouvelle recrue un atout pour vos équipes.
Les points abordés lors de la formation :
- Les fondamentaux d'un onboarding réussi
- Les outils et stratégies pour un onboarding efficace
- L'engagement et la culture d'entreprise
- L'onboarding continu et l'amélioration continue
Formation offerte animée à distance avec notre expert Eric Collin
Impact des Critères Environnementaux, Sociaux et de Gouvernance (ESG) sur les...mrelmejri
J'ai réalisé ce projet pour obtenir mon diplôme en licence en sciences de gestion, spécialité management, à l'ISCAE Manouba. Au cours de mon stage chez Attijari Bank, j'ai été particulièrement intéressé par l'impact des critères Environnementaux, Sociaux et de Gouvernance (ESG) sur les décisions d'investissement dans le secteur bancaire. Cette étude explore comment ces critères influencent les stratégies et les choix d'investissement des banques.
Newsletter SPW Agriculture en province du Luxembourg du 12-06-24BenotGeorges3
Les informations et évènements agricoles en province du Luxembourg et en Wallonie susceptibles de vous intéresser et diffusés par le SPW Agriculture, Direction de la Recherche et du Développement, Service extérieur de Libramont.
Le fichier :
Les newsletters : https://agriculture.wallonie.be/home/recherche-developpement/acteurs-du-developpement-et-de-la-vulgarisation/les-services-exterieurs-de-la-direction-de-la-recherche-et-du-developpement/newsletters-des-services-exterieurs-de-la-vulgarisation/newsletters-du-se-de-libramont.html
Bonne lecture et bienvenue aux activités proposées.
#Agriculture #Wallonie #Newsletter #Recherche #Développement #Vulgarisation #Evènement #Information #Formation #Innovation #Législation #PAC #SPW #ServicepublicdeWallonie
Conseils pour Les Jeunes | Conseils de La Vie| Conseil de La JeunesseOscar Smith
Besoin des conseils pour les Jeunes ? Le document suivant est plein des conseils de la Vie ! C’est vraiment un document conseil de la jeunesse que tout jeune devrait consulter.
Voir version video:
➡https://youtu.be/7ED4uTW0x1I
Sur la chaine:👇
👉https://youtube.com/@kbgestiondeprojets
Aimeriez-vous donc…
-réussir quand on est jeune ?
-avoir de meilleurs conseils pour réussir jeune ?
- qu’on vous offre des conseils de la vie ?
Ce document est une ressource qui met en évidence deux obstacles qui empêchent les jeunes de mener une vie épanouie : l'inaction et le pessimisme.
1) Découvrez comment l'inaction, c'est-à-dire le fait de ne pas agir ou d'agir alors qu'on le devrait ou qu'on est censé le faire, est un obstacle à une vie épanouie ;
> Comment l'inaction affecte-t-elle l'avenir du jeune ? Que devraient plutôt faire les jeunes pour se racheter et récupérer ce qui leur appartient ? A découvrir dans le document ;
2) Le pessimisme, c'est douter de tout ! Les jeunes doutent que la génération plus âgée ne soit jamais orientée vers la bonne volonté. Les jeunes se sentent toujours mal à l'aise face à la ruse et la volonté politique de la génération plus âgée ! Cet état de doute extrême empêche les jeunes de découvrir les opportunités offertes par les politiques et les dispositifs en faveur de la jeunesse. Voulez-vous en savoir plus sur ces opportunités que la plupart des jeunes ne découvrent pas à cause de leur pessimisme ? Consultez cette ressource gratuite et profitez-en !
En rapport avec les " conseils pour les jeunes, " cette ressource peut aussi aider les internautes cherchant :
➡les conseils pratiques pour les jeunes
➡conseils pour réussir
➡jeune investisseur conseil
➡comment investir son argent quand on est jeune
➡conseils d'écriture jeunes auteurs
➡conseils pour les jeunes auteurs
➡comment aller vers les jeunes
➡conseil des jeunes citoyens
➡les conseils municipaux des jeunes
➡conseils municipaux des jeunes
➡conseil des jeunes en mairie
➡qui sont les jeunes
➡projet pour les jeunes
➡conseil des jeunes paris
➡infos pour les jeunes
➡conseils pour les jeunes
➡Quels sont les bienfaits de la jeunesse ?
➡Quels sont les 3 qualités de la jeunesse ?
➡Comment gérer les problèmes des adolescents ?
➡les conseils de jeunes
➡guide de conseils de jeunes
Cycle de Formation Théâtrale 2024 / 2025Billy DEYLORD
Pour la Saison 2024 / 2025, l'association « Le Bateau Ivre » propose un Cycle de formation théâtrale pour particuliers amateurs et professionnels des arts de la scène enfants, adolescents et adultes à l'Espace Saint-Jean de Melun (77). 108 heures de formation, d’octobre 2024 à juin 2025, à travers trois cours hebdomadaires (« Pierrot ou la science de la Scène », « Montage de spectacles », « Le Mime et son Répertoire ») et un stage annuel « Tournez dans un film de cinéma muet ».
1. Recyclage des
composites carbone
« Aviation et Environnement »
IIe Colloque International
7 février 2013
Yann BUZARÉ, Ingénieur Projet Développement, Toray Carbon Fibers Europe
4. Situation actuelle
Tendances générales :
Quantité de fibres de carbone consommées
• Augmentation de la consommation
de matériaux composites à base de
fibres de carbone
• La fabrication de fibre de carbone
est très consommatrice d’énergie
• Les premières générations d’avions et de bateaux contenant des
composites atteindront leur fin de vie dans les 10 prochaines années
• Législations de plus en plus contraignantes (surtout en Europe) sur la
gestion des déchets et leur recyclabilité
Besoin de solutions fiables et durables pour la gestion des déchets
composites
5. Situation actuelle
Sources de déchets composites
• Fin de vie de produits contenant des composites (de la pièce de base
à la structure complexe multi-matériaux : avion, véhicule, …)
Mais également
• Chutes de production (usinage, découpe, …)
• Produits non-conformes
• Problèmes de durée de vie des matières premières (résines, préimprégnés, …)
• ...
6. Industrie automobile
Augmentation attendue de la proportion de matériaux composites dans les
futures générations de véhicules (gain de poids)
La législation européenne instaure des quotas de recyclabilité dans
l’automobile. En 2015, ces objectifs seront de :
• 85 % de matériaux recyclables
• 95 % de matériaux valorisables
Situation actuelle :
• Les composites utilisés dans l’automobile sont principalement à base
de fibre de verre
• La fibre de verre recyclée coûte plus cher que la fibre de verre neuve
… mais est de plus en plus utilisée à cause de la législation
7. Industrie automobile
Situation future :
• Intégration du facteur recyclabilité dans le design initial
• Augmentation du ratio de matériaux recyclés
• Étiquetage des différents type de matériaux pour un tri des
déchets plus efficace
Exemple : Partenariat entre Boeing et BMW pour la recherche sur le
recyclage des fibres de carbone (décembre 2012)
Va permettre à BMW d’utiliser le matériau en améliorant son ratio de
recyclabilité
8. Industrie marine
Estimation en France :
58 % des bateaux de plaisance construits avant 1990
Âge moyen de ces bateaux : 23 ans
Le nombre de bateau en fin de vie va augmenter significativement
durant les 5 à 10 prochaines années
Pas de réelle législation sur la gestion des bateaux en fin de vie
• Pas de contrôle technique
• Pas d’aide financière au démantèlement (et faible valorisation
économique des déchets générés)
• Pas de réel encadrement légal sur l’abandon de bateau
environ 374 000 bateaux en attente de démantèlement en France
Besoin d’un programme de gestion des déchets aussi bien technique
que légal
9. • Augmentation du ratio de
composites carbone dans les
avions
50
40
30
• Augmentation des cadences de
production
20
Composite Structural
Weight [%]
Industrie aéronautique
A350-900
XWB
A400M
A380
A340-300
A320
10
0
1970
A340-600
A310-200
A300
1980
1990
2000
2010
• Premières générations d’avions contenant des composites atteignant leur
fin de vie : 12 000 appareils à démanteler dans les 20 prochaines années
Augmentation à la fois des déchets composites de production et de fin
de vie
11. Solutions de traitement
Solutions existantes (classées par potentiel de recyclage croissant)
• Enfouissement :
Limité, voire proscrit dans les législations à venir
Aucune valorisation
• Incinération :
Génération possible de gaz toxiques durant l’opération
Autorisations limitées
Aucune valorisation
Ces solutions ne peuvent pas être considérées comme durables
12. Solutions de traitement
• Incinération avec récupération d’énergie
par exemple en cimenterie
Intéressant financièrement
Procédé continu
Valorisation énergétique uniquement
• Procédés avec récupération de fibre
par exemple : pyrolyse, décomposition catalytique, crackage
thermique, …
Valorisation de la fibre sous forme de fibres courtes ou semi-longues
(avec des propriétés mécaniques dégradées)
Pas de valorisation de la résine
13. Pyrolyse
• Principe
Traitement thermique des déchets sous conditions de température et
pression contrôlées : dégradation de la résine et du sizing, récupération
de la fibre
• Projets / Développements en cours
États-Unis : Aircraft Fleet Recycling Association (AFRA, Boeing)
Europe : Process for Advanced Management of End-of-Life Aircraft
(PAMELA, Airbus)
Japon : Recycling Committee of the Japan Carbon Fiber Manufacturers
Association (JCMA, Toray / Toho-Tenax / Mitsubishi Rayon)
• Performance moyenne estimée
Coût : 70 % du prix de la fibre neuve
Environnement : 5 % de l’énergie nécessaire à la fabrication de la fibre
neuve
14. Pyrolyse
• Valorisation de la fibre
Fibres souvent obtenues sous forme de
« peluche »
Peuvent être valorisées telles quelles
(fibres coupées, SMC, non-tissé, …) ou
après une étape de réalignement (tissu,
UD, …)
• Propriétés mécaniques dégradées
Influence importante des conditions opératoires sur la perte de
performances
Nécessité de recycler dans des applications moins exigeantes (pièces
non-structurelles d’avion, produits industriels, …)
15. Pyrolyse
Applications industrielles du procédé de pyrolyse en Europe :
• ELG Carbon Fibre Ltd.
(anciennement Recycled Carbon Fibre Ltd.)
West Midlands, Royaume-Uni
2000 t de déchets composite carbone par an
Entreprise impliquée dans le recyclage des chutes de production du Boeing
787 en pièces non-structurelles et en applications sport et loisir telles que
des pagaies de kayak
• CFK Valley Stade Recycling GmbH
Hambourg, Allemagne
16. Solutions de traitement
• Procédé avec récupération de fibre et de résine : solvolyse
Utilisation d’un solvant (eau, méthanol, …) en conditions supercritiques
Séparation fibre / matrice par différence de solubilité dans le solvant
Dépolymérisation de la résine
Valorisation de la fibre sous forme de fibres courtes ou semi-longues
Valorisation de la résine sous forme de monomères ou de composés
organiques courts
Pas encore à l’échelle industrielle
Déchets
composite
Fibre
Eau super-critique
Phase liquide
17. Solvolyse
• Valorisation de la résine
Rupture des liaisons chimiques des polymères
Mélange de différents produits chimiques (monomères de départ,
mais également divers composés organiques courts en fonction des
conditions opératoires)
Nécessité d’une étape de séparation pour une valorisation efficace
Impact sur le coût
• Valorisation de la fibre
Les propriétés mécaniques semblent moins dégradées qu’avec les
autres procédés (type pyrolyse)
A valider à l’échelle industrielle
18. Projets collaboratifs
Projets sur le recyclage de composites carbone auxquels Toray Carbon
Fibers Europe a participé :
• RECYCOMP 2 (2004-2005, Compositec) : 1ers essais de valorisation de
déchets composites (co-combustion, incorporation dans des TP, broyage,
bains de sels fondus)
Partenaires : Ashland Polyester, Corima, Cray Valley, Italdry, MCR/Inoplast, Plastic
Omnium, Sadac, Saint-Gobain Vetrotex International, SDE/Schneider Electric, Toray CFE
• RECYCARB (2005-2006, Compositec) : estimer le montant des déchets
composites (en Europe) et étudier des solutions de recyclage
Partenaires : Airbus France, Corima, Daher Lhotellier, EADS CCR, Hexcel Composites,
Hexcel Reinforcement, Porcher Industries, Toray CFE, ARAMM, JEC
19. Projets collaboratifs
• RECCO (2009-2012, Airbus) : mise en place d’une filière de recyclage des
composites carbone par solvolyse
Partenaires : Airbus, EADS Astrium, Uni. Bordeaux, SNECMA PS, Innoveox, ADEME,
Gaches Chimie, Toray CFE
• FENICS (2012-…, Airbus) : Suite de RECCO, développer une filière
industrielle française de fabrication de semi-produits finis à base de
fibres de carbone recyclées via le procédé de solvolyse
Attention : données à compléter, projet en restructuration
Nouveau projet focalisé uniquement sur la valorisation en fibres courtes
• Collaboration à deux développements menés par le Centre RAPSODEE
(École des Mines d’Albi) sur les procédés de :
Vapo-thermolyse (thèse soutenue en décembre 2012)
Solvolyse (travaux en cours)
21. Perspectives
Comment améliorer la recyclabilité des matériaux composites à base de
fibre de carbone ?
Par l’intégration du concept de recyclage dans chacune des étapes
du cycle de vie du produit
Design
Logistique
Production
Opération
Fin de vie
22. Perspectives
Design
Logistique
Production
Opération
Fin de vie
Sélection des matériaux en prenant en considération les solutions
existantes de recyclage
ou
Mise en place de la filière de recyclage en parallèle du développement des
matériaux
Solutions globales (multi-sectorielles), combinaisons de plusieurs
procédés de recyclage, intégration de l’expérience et du réseau des
fournisseurs de matières premières, …
23. Perspectives
Design
Logistique
Production
Opération
Fin de vie
Amélioration de la chaîne d’approvisionnement pour réduire les pertes
de matières premières (par ex. les problèmes de durées et
températures de stockage des pré-imprégnés)
Intégration dans le flux de matières premières d’un ratio de pièces et /
ou de matériaux recyclés (que ce soit du procédé de fabrication
concerné ou d’un autre secteur industriel)
24. Perspectives
Design
Logistique
Production
Opération
Fin de vie
Amélioration des procédés de fabrication pour réduire les quantités de :
• Chutes de production
• Produits non-conformes
Étiquetage des pièces produites pour faciliter le tri des déchets (recyclage
plus efficace)
Recyclage interne des produits non-conformes intégré au procédé de
fabrication
28. Conclusions
Besoin grandissant de solutions de recyclage des matériaux composites à
base de fibres de carbone
Le recyclage va devenir un sujet clé pour l’avenir de l’industrie des
composites
Des solutions existent, mais toujours besoin d’amélioration en terme de :
• Meilleure valorisation
• Quantités traitables (passage à l’échelle industrielle)
L’intégration du concept de recyclage à chaque étape du cycle de vie du
produit (du design à la gestion de fin de vie) est la solution pour développer
des filières de recyclage fiables, durables et économiquement viables.
29. Fin
Merci pour votre attention
Vos commentaires et questions sont les bienvenus
Toray Carbon Fibers Europe : www.toray-cfe.com
