The document summarizes a case study on extension and advisory services in Papua New Guinea. It analyzes the methodology used in the study, including desk research, interviews, and seminars. It then provides context on Papua New Guinea's land resources and population, agriculture sector contributions, constraints facing the agriculture sector like poor infrastructure, and trends in the rural sector like subsistence farming. It discusses the history of decentralization and corporatization of extension services and their impacts. Finally, it recommends strengthening policies and the lead agriculture agency, reviewing the national agricultural research system, and formalizing private sector participation in extension services.