doctorat

1. ‫بإستخدام‬ ‫اة‬‫ر‬‫الدكتو‬ ‫رسائل‬ ‫مناقشة‬ ‫آلية‬
‫عد‬
ُ
‫ب‬ ‫عن‬ ‫التواصل‬ ‫منصات‬
Khaled Hussainey
Professor of Accounting & Financial Management
University of Portsmouth, UK

2. ‫مقدمة‬
‫التعليمية‬ ‫العملية‬ ‫إستمرارية‬ ‫على‬ ‫حرصا‬
‫حتى‬
‫علين‬ ‫هللا‬ ‫ينعم‬
‫ا‬
‫هللا‬ ‫شاء‬ ‫إن‬ ‫قريبا‬ ‫كرونا‬ ‫أزمة‬ ‫تنتهى‬ ‫و‬ ‫بفضله‬
-
‫بعض‬ ‫بدءت‬
‫بتسليم‬ ‫العليا‬ ‫الدراسات‬ ‫طالبات‬ ‫و‬ ‫لطلبة‬ ‫بالسماح‬ ‫الجامعات‬
‫للمناقشة‬ ‫تمهيدا‬ ‫للجامعة‬ ‫اإللكتروني‬ ‫بالبريد‬ ‫العلمية‬ ‫الرسائل‬
.
‫مناقشات‬ ‫بإجراء‬ ‫الجامعات‬ ‫من‬ ‫العديد‬ ‫قامت‬ ‫قد‬ ‫و‬
‫رسائل‬
‫الماجستير‬
‫ال‬ ‫ببعض‬ ‫الدكتوراة‬ ‫ورسائل‬ ‫العربية‬ ‫الدول‬ ‫ببعض‬
‫دول‬
‫المرئي‬ ‫اإلتصال‬ ‫تقنية‬ ‫خالل‬ ‫من‬ ‫واألجنبية‬ ‫العربية‬
.

3. ‫المحاضرة‬ ‫محاور‬
١
.
‫عد‬ُ‫ب‬ ‫عن‬ ‫الدكتوراة‬ ‫رسائل‬ ‫لمناقشة‬ ‫المنظمة‬ ‫اإلرشادات‬
.
٢
.
‫عد‬ُ‫ب‬ ‫عن‬ ‫الدكتوراة‬ ‫رسائل‬ ‫لمناقشة‬ ‫المستخدمة‬ ‫التكنولوجيا‬
.
٣
.
‫المستقل‬ ‫المناقشة‬ ‫لجنة‬ ‫رئيس‬ ‫دور‬
.
٤
.
‫الخارجى‬ ‫و‬ ‫الداخلى‬ ‫الممتحن‬ ‫دور‬
.
٥
.
‫المناقشة‬ ‫انتهاء‬ ‫بعد‬ ‫و‬ ‫اثناء‬ ‫و‬ ‫قبل‬ ‫المشرف‬ ‫دور‬
.
٦
.
‫عد‬ُ‫ب‬ ‫عن‬ ‫الدكتوراة‬ ‫رسالة‬ ‫لمناقشة‬ ‫الجيد‬ ‫اإلستعداد‬
.

4. ‫عد‬ُ‫ب‬ ‫عن‬ ‫الدكتوراة‬ ‫رسائل‬ ‫لمناقشة‬ ‫المنظمة‬ ‫اإلرشادات‬
Before the viva
‫اإللكتروني‬ ‫البريد‬ ‫عبر‬ ‫الدكتوراة‬ ‫رسالة‬ ‫إرسال‬ ‫يتم‬
PhD candidate will submit the thesis by email to the University (e.g. Research
Degree Office or Department of Postgraduate Studies).
‫يتم‬
‫خانة‬ ‫في‬ ‫للطالب‬ ‫األساسية‬ ‫البيانات‬ ‫كتابة‬
"
‫األيميل‬ ‫موضوع‬
"
‫الج‬ ‫الرقم‬ ‫و‬ ،‫الطالب‬ ‫اسم‬ ‫بالترتيب‬
‫امعى‬
‫و‬ ‫الرسالة‬ ‫نوع‬ ‫ثم‬ ‫للطالب‬
‫التخصص‬
In the Subject field: write your name, ID, PhD in …..
‫دى‬ ‫بى‬ ‫أو‬ ‫ورد‬ ‫ملف‬ ‫صورة‬ ‫في‬ ‫الرسالة‬ ‫تحميل‬
‫اف‬
PhD thesis to be submitted in a word or PDF file
‫األيميل‬ ‫نص‬
:
‫الدكتوراة‬ ‫رسالة‬ ‫لكم‬ ‫ارسل‬ ‫ان‬ ‫يسعدنى‬
‫بعنوان‬
...
I am very pleased to submit my PhD thesis titled: …...

5. ‫عد‬ُ‫ب‬ ‫عن‬ ‫الدكتوراة‬ ‫رسائل‬ ‫لمناقشة‬ ‫المنظمة‬ ‫اإلرشادات‬
Before the viva
First Supervisor:
- selects internal and external examiners who are familiar with online viva (or
who agree to examine students online) and seeks University approval.
‫الجامعة‬ ‫موافقة‬ ‫على‬ ‫الحصول‬ ‫و‬ ‫الممتحنين‬ ‫إختيار‬
- approves the online submission of the thesis.
‫الرسالة‬ ‫تقديم‬ ‫على‬ ‫الموافقة‬ ‫إعطاء‬
‫اليكترونيا‬
- Arranges the date and time of the viva with the candidate and the examiners
‫االتفاق‬
‫موعد‬ ‫على‬ ‫الممتحنين‬ ‫مع‬
‫المناقشة‬
- informs the University with the viva arrangement.
‫إخبار‬
‫المقترح‬ ‫األلكترونية‬ ‫الوسيلة‬ ‫و‬ ‫المناقشة‬ ‫بموعد‬ ‫الطالب‬
‫إستخدامها‬
- arranges an online mock viva with the candidate.
‫عقد‬
‫الطالب‬ ‫مع‬ ‫تجريبية‬ ‫مناقشة‬
/
‫األلكترونية‬ ‫الوسيلة‬ ‫نفس‬ ‫بإستخدام‬ ‫الطالبة‬
‫المقترحة‬

6. ‫عن‬ ‫الدكتوراة‬ ‫رسائل‬ ‫لمناقشة‬ ‫المنظمة‬ ‫اإلرشادات‬
‫عد‬ُ‫ب‬
The University:
- approves the appointment of the examiners.
‫الموافقة‬
‫الممتحنين‬ ‫على‬
- Approves the online viva
‫أونالين‬ ‫االمتحان‬ ‫عقد‬ ‫على‬ ‫الموافقة‬
- Sends the thesis (and the necessary forms and
regulations/guidelines) to the examiners – The University
should pay printing expenses (if needed).
‫صلة‬ ‫ذات‬ ‫مستندات‬ ‫أى‬ ‫و‬ ‫العلمية‬ ‫للدرجة‬ ‫المنظمة‬ ‫والقواعد‬ ‫الدكتوراة‬ ‫رسالة‬ ‫إرسال‬
‫لزم‬ ‫إذا‬ ‫الطباعة‬ ‫مصاريف‬ ‫بتحمل‬ ‫التعهد‬ ‫مع‬ ‫للممتحنين‬ ‫إليكترونيا‬
‫األمر‬
- appoints an independent chair.
‫المستقل‬ ‫المناقشة‬ ‫لجنة‬ ‫رئيس‬ ‫تعيين‬

7. ‫عد‬ُ‫ب‬ ‫عن‬ ‫الدكتوراة‬ ‫رسائل‬ ‫لمناقشة‬ ‫المنظمة‬ ‫اإلرشادات‬
Before the viva
The Examiners:
- receive the thesis and forms/regulations/guidance from the
University.
‫آخرى‬ ‫مستندات‬ ‫اى‬ ‫و‬ ‫العلمية‬ ‫بالدرجة‬ ‫المتعلقة‬ ‫القواعد‬ ‫و‬ ‫الرسالة‬ ‫الممتحنون‬ ‫يستلم‬
- confirm that they are happy with the online arrangement for
the viva.
‫أونالين‬ ‫المناقشة‬ ‫اجراء‬ ‫على‬ ‫كتابية‬ ‫موافقة‬ ‫الممتحنون‬ ‫يقدم‬
- send their preliminary report on the viva to the University at
least 3-14 days before the viva date.
‫الجامعة‬ ‫تحددها‬ ‫زمنية‬ ‫فترة‬ ‫خالل‬ ‫الرسالة‬ ‫لتقييم‬ ‫المبدئي‬ ‫التقرير‬ ‫الممتحنون‬ ‫يرسل‬

8. ‫عد‬ُ‫ب‬ ‫عن‬ ‫الدكتوراة‬ ‫رسائل‬ ‫لمناقشة‬ ‫المنظمة‬ ‫اإلرشادات‬
Before the viva
PhD Candidate:
• confirms that he/she is happy with the online arrangement of the
viva.
‫اونالين‬ ‫المناقشة‬ ‫اجراء‬ ‫على‬ ‫الموافقة‬ ‫على‬ ‫يؤكد‬
• confirms that his/her supervisor(s) can attend the viva (UK universities
only).
‫المناقشة‬ ‫المشرف‬ ‫حضور‬ ‫على‬ ‫الموافقة‬
-
‫فقط‬ ‫البريطانية‬ ‫الجامعات‬
• Confirms that his/her supervisor(s) can attend the viva feedback
session (UK universities only).
‫المناقشة‬ ‫نتيجة‬ ‫اعالن‬ ‫المشرف‬ ‫حضور‬ ‫على‬ ‫الموافقة‬
-
‫فقط‬ ‫البريطانية‬ ‫الجامعات‬
• confirms that he/she will not receive any assistance from anyone
during the viva.
‫المناقشة‬ ‫إجراء‬ ‫اثناء‬ ‫للمساعده‬ ‫آخر‬ ‫شخص‬ ‫اى‬ ‫وجود‬ ‫عدم‬ ‫على‬ ‫يؤكد‬

9. ‫عد‬ُ‫ب‬ ‫عن‬ ‫الدكتوراة‬ ‫رسائل‬ ‫لمناقشة‬ ‫المنظمة‬ ‫اإلرشادات‬
Before the viva (e.g. a day before the viva)
Technology check:
‫و‬ ‫للمناقشة‬ ‫المنصة‬ ‫صالحية‬ ‫من‬ ‫للتأكد‬ ‫عد‬ُ‫ب‬ ‫عن‬ ‫التواصل‬ ‫منصة‬ ‫تجربة‬
‫على‬ ‫المعنية‬ ‫األطراف‬ ‫كافة‬ ‫قدرة‬
‫إستخدامها‬
- Two separate checks:
- [1] the independent chair and the examiners;
- [2] the independent chair and the candidate and
his/her supervisors.

10. ‫عد‬ُ‫ب‬ ‫عن‬ ‫الدكتوراة‬ ‫رسائل‬ ‫لمناقشة‬ ‫المنظمة‬ ‫اإلرشادات‬
On the day of the viva
(An admin staff could be appointed to help on this issue)
( ‫فنى‬ ‫دعم‬
‫تقنى‬ )
4 separate online meetings could be arranged:
1. Pre-viva meeting between the examiners and the independent chair.
2. The Oral Examination (viva): PhD student, examiners, supervisory team (if
the candidate agrees) and the independent chair.
Note: supervisors and independent chair should make voice muted and
camera off.
3. Post viva meeting between examiners and the independent chair.
4. The announcement of the outcome of the viva meeting: PhD student,
examiners, the supervisory team (if the candidate agrees) and the
independent chair.

11. ‫عد‬ُ‫ب‬ ‫عن‬ ‫الدكتوراة‬ ‫رسائل‬ ‫لمناقشة‬ ‫المنظمة‬ ‫اإلرشادات‬
The online process of the PhD viva
- Examiners will have produced a preliminary report before the viva.
On the day of the viva:
- Online Meeting 1: They (with the independent chair) meet before the viva
to discuss their pre-viva reports and other issues (i.e. the duration of the
viva, breaks, the order of the questions…etc.) (e.g. 30-60 minutes)
- Online Meeting 2: They examine you (duration, on average, 2-3 hours;
but might be shorter or longer!).
- Online Meeting 3: They ask you (and your supervisor) to leave the room
and will discuss your defend and make a decision!
- Online Meeting 4: The external examiner will inform you (and your
supervisor) the decision.

12. ‫التكنولوجيا‬
‫عن‬ ‫الدكتوراة‬ ‫رسائل‬ ‫لمناقشة‬ ‫المستخدمة‬
‫عد‬ُ‫ب‬
•Blackboard Learn
•Google Meet
•Microsoft Team
•Skype
•Webex
•Zoom

13. ‫دور‬
‫المناقشة‬ ‫لجنة‬ ‫رئيس‬
‫المستقل‬
Independent Chair (non-examining role)
‫ال‬
‫تخصصه‬ ‫يكون‬ ‫أن‬ ‫يفضل‬ ‫و‬ ‫الطالب‬ ‫إختبار‬ ‫أو‬ ‫عليها‬ ‫الحكم‬ ‫أو‬ ‫الرسالة‬ ‫فحص‬ ‫فى‬ ‫يشارك‬
‫تخصص‬ ‫عن‬ ‫مختلف‬ ‫العلمى‬
‫الطالب‬
‫يقوم‬
‫المناقشة‬ ‫لعقد‬ ‫المشرفين‬ ‫و‬ ‫الطالب‬ ‫و‬ ‫الممتحنين‬ ‫بدعوة‬
‫ب‬ ‫يقوم‬
‫تجربة‬
‫عد‬ُ‫ب‬ ‫عن‬ ‫التواصل‬ ‫منصة‬
‫لتحديد‬ ‫المناقشة‬ ‫قبل‬ ‫ما‬ ‫إجتماع‬ ‫على‬ ‫يشرف‬
-
‫المناقشة‬ ‫بداية‬
-
‫بعرض‬ ‫الطالب‬ ‫سيقوم‬ ‫هل‬
‫العرض‬ ‫مدة‬ ‫كم‬ ‫و‬ ‫للرسالة‬ ‫العلمية‬ ‫المساهمة‬
...
‫أوال‬ ‫سيبدء‬ ‫من‬
...
-
‫حسب‬ ‫األختبار‬ ‫سيتم‬ ‫هل‬
‫األهمية‬ ‫ذات‬ ‫النقاط‬ ‫حسب‬ ‫أم‬ ‫الرسالة‬ ‫فصول‬ ‫ترتيب‬
...
-
‫كم‬
‫المناقشة‬ ‫مدة‬
..
‫التاكد‬
‫إختبار‬ ‫فى‬ ‫ساهم‬ ‫ممتحن‬ ‫كل‬ ‫أن‬
‫الطالب‬
‫الممتحنين‬ ‫تعليقات‬ ‫على‬ ‫للرد‬ ‫كاملة‬ ‫فرصة‬ ‫أخذ‬ ‫الطالب‬ ‫ان‬ ‫التاكد‬
‫التاكد‬
‫تم‬ ‫األوراق‬ ‫كل‬ ‫أن‬ ‫و‬ ‫عادلة‬ ‫وبصورة‬ ‫الجامعة‬ ‫لقوانين‬ ‫وفقا‬ ‫تم‬ ‫الدكتوراة‬ ‫إمتحان‬ ‫أن‬
‫اليكترونيا‬ ‫توقيعها‬

14. ‫الممتحن‬ ‫دور‬
‫الخارجى‬
External Examiner should:
1. Chair the viva and examine the thesis
2. Produce independent pre-viva report (with or without a
‘definite’ recommendation. They, however, can change their
mind after the viva.
3. Lead questioning in the viva
4. Make recommendation for award of degree, or otherwise
5. Specify corrections if required

15. ‫الداخلى‬ ‫الممتحن‬ ‫دور‬
Internal Examiner should:
1. examine the thesis.
2. produce a pre-viva independent report with or
without a recommendation.
3. ask additional questions in the viva.
4. ensuring that the student has opportunities to
demonstrate his/her knowledge.
5. make recommendation for award of degree, or
otherwise.
6. specify corrections if required.
7. check minor corrections have been made.

16. ‫المناقشة‬ ‫انتهاء‬ ‫بعد‬ ‫و‬ ‫اثناء‬ ‫و‬ ‫قبل‬ ‫المشرف‬ ‫دور‬
‫قبل‬
‫المناقشة‬
• Advisor before the viva.
• Approves the submission.
• Selects the examiners.
• Arranges for a mock viva.
‫المناقشة‬ ‫اثناء‬
• No role in the viva (UK universities only)
‫بعد‬
‫انتهاء‬
‫المناقشة‬
• Gives the candidate feedback on his/her performance
during the viva
• Supports the candidate in completing his/her corrections.

17. ‫عد‬ُ‫ب‬ ‫عن‬ ‫الدكتوراة‬ ‫رسالة‬ ‫لمناقشة‬ ‫الجيد‬ ‫اإلستعداد‬

18. ‫عن‬ ‫الدكتوراة‬ ‫رسالة‬ ‫لمناقشة‬ ‫الجيد‬ ‫اإلستعداد‬
‫عد‬ُ‫ب‬
Preparation before the submission
- Be sure that the content of your thesis
matches the standard of the PhD at your
university.
- Carefully read and cite (if relevant) the
publications of your external and internal
examiners.

19. Preparation after the
submission
• Revision and Summaries
• Re-read critically
• Review each chapter and summarise in points
• Defence of research
• Know limitations
• Anticipate questions and prepare sample answers
• Put bookmarks on important pages
• Study the background of your examiners
• Spot any typos and make a list
• Do a mock viva with your supervisor

20. ‫عد‬ُ‫ب‬ ‫عن‬ ‫الدكتوراة‬ ‫رسالة‬ ‫لمناقشة‬ ‫الجيد‬ ‫اإلستعداد‬
How to Prepare for an Online PhD viva
• The thesis should be in the front of you and any other supporting materials
plus a pen/pencil.
• Keep a glass of water or soft/hot drink close to you.
• ‘Make Sure Your Computer Is Up to Date
• Download and install software ahead of time
• Use an appropriate photo and username (e.g. ID skype)
• Test the software & the hardware with family or friends
• Minimise noise and location matter
• Dress well (professionally)
• Have eye contact
• Minimise note taking
• Practice beforehand’*
* Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wBbzI0_HPuM

21. In the viva
dealing with questions
- You will be asked for either a powerpoint presentation
or a verbal presentation (up to 15 minutes)
- Then, you will be asked some questions:
1. Carefully listen to the question.
2. Be sure that you understand the question.
3. Ask for clarification (if required).
4. Take your time.
5. Talk precisely, shortly and move from the general to
the specific.

22. Responding to questions
• Rule 1: Answer completely • Rule 2: Answer politely
• It important that all of
the examiners’
comments are
responded to in
sequence
• It is quite all right to
disagree with examiners
when replying, but do it
in a way that makes your
examiners feel valued

23. In your reply, please avoid opening phrases
such as:
[I] totally disagree… (Williams, 2014)
[The Examiner] obviously does not know this
field” (Williams, 2014)
There is a clear misunderstanding here by
[The Examiner]
This is an unfair point by [The Examiner]

24. Useful Phrases to Reply to Critical Comments*
• [I] agree with [the comment] that ……, but
• [The Examiner] is right to point out …., yet
• Whilst [I] agree with [The Examiner] that…..
• It is true that …, but
• [I] acknowledge that [my thesis] might have been…., but
• [I] too was disappointed by the low response rate…
• [I] agree that this is an important area that requires further research…..
• [I] support [The Examiner]’s assertion that …., although
• With all due respect to [The Examiner], we felt that this point is not
correct…
* Williams (2014)

25. Responding to Comments
Rule 3: Answer with evidence
If you disagree with the
examiner’s comments,
don’t just say, “we
disagree” and then move
on. Say why you disagree
with a coherent argument.
(Williams, 2014).
- Rule 4: Dealing with criticism
Remind the examiners of the
(limited) scope of a PhD
thesis.
Talk about making
amendments in the context of
publication.

26. ،‫الحكيم‬ ‫العليم‬ ‫أنت‬ ‫إنك‬ ،‫علمتنا‬ ‫ما‬ ‫إال‬ ‫لنا‬ ‫علم‬ ‫ال‬ ‫اللهم‬
‫علما‬ ‫وزدنا‬ ،‫علمتنا‬ ‫بما‬ ‫وانفعنا‬ ،‫ينفعنا‬ ‫ما‬ ‫علمنا‬ ‫اللهم‬
Khaled Hussainey
Professor of Accounting and Financial Management
Portsmouth Business School
Portsmouth University
Telephone: Mobile 07727190105 Office 02392844715
Email: khaled.hussainey@port.ac.uk
‫ويرزقهم‬ ‫مثلى‬ ‫لمناقشة‬ ‫الجميع‬ ‫يوفق‬ ‫أن‬ ‫هللا‬ ‫أدعو‬
‫الحياة‬ ‫في‬ ‫الثابت‬ ‫بالقول‬ ‫ويثبتهم‬ ‫العالية‬ ‫الدرجات‬
‫اآلخرة‬ ‫وفي‬ ‫الدنيا‬
.
‫سميع‬ ‫إنه‬
‫مجيب‬
.