This document provides information about cascade control systems and ratio control systems. It begins with an introduction to cascade control systems, which use multiple measurement signals and control loops to control one primary variable. An example is described of using cascade control to maintain the temperature of a fluid being heated in an exchanger by controlling both the fluid flow and steam flow. The document then discusses ratio control systems, which are used to maintain a set ratio between two process stream flow rates, with one flow rate dependent on the other.
Wellhead equipment Introduction Based on API 6a & NACEAmir Rafati
1. Typical Onshore Wellhead and Casing Head Types
• CSG HEAD NO.1
• CSG HEAD NO.3
• CSG HEAD NO.6
• CSG HEAD NO.8
• CSG HEAD NO.9
• CSG HEAD DESIGN DUE TO FIELD EXPERIENCES
• AG(H)-10K
• B(H)-10K
• C(H)-5K
• V(H)-5K
• T(H)-3K,5K
• WELLHEAD DESIGN DUE TO FIELD EXPERIENCES
2. Brief Description of Wellhead Equipment and their Types
• Sealings and Ring Gaskets
• Safety valves
• Gate valves
• Double Studded Adaptors
• Spools
• Hangers
• Flanges
3. Install and Testing Wellhead and Casing Head Equipment
• Safety valves
• Gate valves
• Double Studded Adaptors
• Spools
• Hangers
• Flanges
4. Introduction to API 6A applications
• PSL: PRODUCT SPECIFICATION LEVELS
• PR: PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENT
• T/C: TEMPERATURE CLASS
• M/C: MATERIAL CLASS
Wellhead and Christmas tree products are used to monitor well pressure, adjust oil/gas well flow and prevent the release of hazardous liquid and gas from entering into air or water
Sougata Pal presents the concept of "Look, Listen, Feel" as an effective condition monitoring tool for identifying machine failures and maintenance needs just in time. It involves using visual inspection, listening for abnormal sounds, and feeling for changes in temperature, vibration, flow or other physical characteristics to monitor equipment condition. Safety precautions must be followed, and individuals should be properly certified and skilled before performing these monitoring activities. Regular use of the senses can help operators and maintainers detect issues with equipment early before major damage occurs.
ESP is an electric submersible pump inserted into oil wells to produce oil using artificial lift driven by an electric motor. ESPs are important for regulating oil and gas production and are a low maintenance and cost effective artificial lift method. The main ESP components are the motor, seal section, intake, power cable, and centrifugal pump. ESPs work by using a motor to drive a centrifugal pump via a shaft, lifting fluid up the well. Design considerations for ESPs include pump size and depth, motor HP requirement, and cable selection. ESPs are used widely in oil and gas production as well as other industries. Their advantages include a wide range of applications and capacities, ability to handle deep wells, and being anti-
This document provides an agenda for an O&M Gas Turbine course. It lists the instructor's contact information and covers various gas turbine topics including basic knowledge, components, systems, operation, history, cycles, bearing types, valve types, seals, electrical systems, instrumentation loops, and a Solar electric schematic. Slides are included on compressors, electrical systems, and explosion proof equipment. The course aims to give attendees an overview of gas turbine systems and components.
This document provides information about cascade control systems and ratio control systems. It begins with an introduction to cascade control systems, which use multiple measurement signals and control loops to control one primary variable. An example is described of using cascade control to maintain the temperature of a fluid being heated in an exchanger by controlling both the fluid flow and steam flow. The document then discusses ratio control systems, which are used to maintain a set ratio between two process stream flow rates, with one flow rate dependent on the other.
Wellhead equipment Introduction Based on API 6a & NACEAmir Rafati
1. Typical Onshore Wellhead and Casing Head Types
• CSG HEAD NO.1
• CSG HEAD NO.3
• CSG HEAD NO.6
• CSG HEAD NO.8
• CSG HEAD NO.9
• CSG HEAD DESIGN DUE TO FIELD EXPERIENCES
• AG(H)-10K
• B(H)-10K
• C(H)-5K
• V(H)-5K
• T(H)-3K,5K
• WELLHEAD DESIGN DUE TO FIELD EXPERIENCES
2. Brief Description of Wellhead Equipment and their Types
• Sealings and Ring Gaskets
• Safety valves
• Gate valves
• Double Studded Adaptors
• Spools
• Hangers
• Flanges
3. Install and Testing Wellhead and Casing Head Equipment
• Safety valves
• Gate valves
• Double Studded Adaptors
• Spools
• Hangers
• Flanges
4. Introduction to API 6A applications
• PSL: PRODUCT SPECIFICATION LEVELS
• PR: PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENT
• T/C: TEMPERATURE CLASS
• M/C: MATERIAL CLASS
Wellhead and Christmas tree products are used to monitor well pressure, adjust oil/gas well flow and prevent the release of hazardous liquid and gas from entering into air or water
Sougata Pal presents the concept of "Look, Listen, Feel" as an effective condition monitoring tool for identifying machine failures and maintenance needs just in time. It involves using visual inspection, listening for abnormal sounds, and feeling for changes in temperature, vibration, flow or other physical characteristics to monitor equipment condition. Safety precautions must be followed, and individuals should be properly certified and skilled before performing these monitoring activities. Regular use of the senses can help operators and maintainers detect issues with equipment early before major damage occurs.
ESP is an electric submersible pump inserted into oil wells to produce oil using artificial lift driven by an electric motor. ESPs are important for regulating oil and gas production and are a low maintenance and cost effective artificial lift method. The main ESP components are the motor, seal section, intake, power cable, and centrifugal pump. ESPs work by using a motor to drive a centrifugal pump via a shaft, lifting fluid up the well. Design considerations for ESPs include pump size and depth, motor HP requirement, and cable selection. ESPs are used widely in oil and gas production as well as other industries. Their advantages include a wide range of applications and capacities, ability to handle deep wells, and being anti-
This document provides an agenda for an O&M Gas Turbine course. It lists the instructor's contact information and covers various gas turbine topics including basic knowledge, components, systems, operation, history, cycles, bearing types, valve types, seals, electrical systems, instrumentation loops, and a Solar electric schematic. Slides are included on compressors, electrical systems, and explosion proof equipment. The course aims to give attendees an overview of gas turbine systems and components.
This document provides a running procedure for installing a Transformer R7 wellhead system. It includes 11 stages of the installation process with detailed steps for each stage. The stages include site preparation, installing the casing head, installing additional components like the drilling adapter, testing the BOP stack, running casing, installing the packoff and casing head cap, and installing the tubing spool. Dimensional drawings and a bill of materials are provided.
The document discusses various components used in surface wellhead systems, including casing heads, casing spools, tubing heads, tubing hangers, valves, and trees. It describes the purpose and features of different types of casing hangers, casing spools, tubing heads, tubing head adapters, valves, and trees. The document is a presentation about surface wellhead components provided by Amr Haggag.
1) The document discusses various types of offshore oil and gas production facilities including fixed platforms, tension leg platforms, semi-submersibles, and FPSOs.
2) It provides details on the key components and processes involved in offshore drilling and production such as wellheads, christmas trees, separation, compression, and storage.
3) FPSOs are described as floating facilities that perform processing of production fluids to separate oil, gas, and water and include storage tanks for offloading to tankers.
1. Electro-pneumatic control integrates pneumatic and electrical technologies. Solenoid valves are used as the interface between electrical and pneumatic systems, and devices like sensors provide feedback.
2. Seven basic electrical devices used in electro-pneumatics are listed as push button switches, limit switches, pressure switches, solenoids, relays, timers, and temperature switches. Proximity sensors and counters are also used.
3. Electro-pneumatic control involves three main steps - signal input devices generate signals, signal processing uses relays or PLCs, and signal outputs activate solenoids to control pneumatic valves and cylinders.
The document provides information about pressure relief devices and safety valve testing procedures. It discusses what pressure relief devices are, common types like safety valves and pressure relief valves, and their key characteristics such as set pressure, overpressure tolerance, and blowdown percentage. It also outlines safety valve testing procedures like verifying the set pressure, repeatability testing, seat tightness testing, shell testing, and bellows integrity testing. Specifications for testing tolerances on set pressure at different temperature ranges are also presented.
The document discusses wellheads and their components. It describes how wellheads are made up of multiple pieces including the casing head, casing hangers, spools, tubing hangers, master valves, and flow trees. It provides pictures and descriptions of these individual components and how they assemble to form the full wellhead. It also discusses design considerations, installation procedures, sealing methods, and testing of wellhead equipment.
Pressure relief devices are important safety components that protect process equipment from overpressure. Standards like the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code provide guidelines for the proper design, installation, and sizing of relief valves, rupture disks, and other pressure relief devices. These standards help ensure personnel safety and prevent equipment damage in the event excess pressure develops from sources like explosions, fires, or pump failures.
OIL AND GAS SURFACE WELLHEAD AND CHRISTMAS TREEPZoneSlide
"OIL AND GAS SURFACE WELLHEAD AND CHRISTMAS TREE"
- Component Illustration Handbook
The purpose of this handbook is to simplify a complex oil and gas surface well equipment system, the “Oil & Gas Wellhead and Christmas Tree” and its components.
The Handbook is a good source for training and easy referencing to oil & gas industry workers (regular engineers and new employees), research industry, training institutions, government agencies, Professors and Students of oil industry related disciplines. Oil & Gas vendors/contractors and any non-technical person would find the book very useful.
This handbook, clearly, illustrates (pictorially) and describes each of the components that constitutes the intricate “Wellhead and Christmas Tree”. Also stating their functions.
All models found in the book are, exclusively, designed by me – the Author; as such, the Author owns the copyright to the eBook – “All rights reserved.”
“This book is a must for the worldwide oil & gas industry.”
Scsssv surface control subsurface safety valveElsayed Amer
The document discusses subsurface safety valves (SSSVs), which are installed downhole to allow emergency shutdown and prevent uncontrolled hydrocarbon release from a well. SSSVs were not in place during the Piper Alpha platform disaster, exacerbating the accident. SSSVs come in two types: wireline-retrievable, which can be easily installed/removed via wireline but restrict flow; and tubing-retrievable, which are integral to the tubing and avoid flow restrictions but require pulling tubing for repair. Recommended minimum setting depths are 50m below the deepest pile for offshore and 100m below ground level for onshore. [/SUMMARY]
This document provides information on erecting a GE 9000E power plant, outlining the typical logical sequence of erection. It describes the erection of various components including the template and subsole plates, transporting and unloading heavy equipment, erecting the air inlet supports structure, air inlet ducts, air filter, vertical and lateral exhaust ducts, chimney, off base coolers, pipes and skids, walkways, electrical systems, and tank. Diagrams illustrate the erection process and components.
Valves operation and functions complete guideElsayed Amer
Eng. El Sayed Amer is a senior process and production engineer at Suez Oil Co. He has worked as a drilling and completion engineer for Weatherford drilling international. He is also an instructor for oil and gas courses. He is a member of several professional engineering organizations and certified in process modeling and reservoir simulation software. He has expertise in valves technology and operations in the process industry.
Mayur Amin is applying for the position of Panel Operator/DCS Operator. He has over 18 years of experience in refinery operations, including over 8 years experience working at Laffan Refinery in Qatar. He has extensive experience operating and maintaining various refinery units including hydrotreaters, distillation columns, and sweetening units. He is proficient in DCS systems from Honeywell and Foxboro and has experience commissioning and starting up new plants.
This document discusses control valves, including their classification, basic parts, types, and how they work. Control valves can regulate fluid flow and control process variables under controller commands. There are two main types: linear and rotary. The basic parts include a valve body, bonnet, plug, trim, and actuator. Actuators are either pneumatic or electric and convert control signals into valve stem movement. Positioners translate control signals into standardized signals for the actuator. Trim parts like the stem, seat and plug are exposed to the process flow.
The document discusses well intervention pressure control and completion equipment. It provides information on:
- Well control considerations for wireline, coiled tubing, and snubbing unit operations.
- Characteristics and density ranges of common completion fluids like brines, oils, and how their density changes with temperature.
- Types of wellhead and Christmas tree configurations including conventional, solid block, and horizontal trees.
- Downhole tools used in completions like tubing hangers, safety valves, packers, and nipples.
- Surface controlled subsurface safety valves (SCSSV) that can be remotely closed from the surface in an emergency.
The document discusses pressure and vacuum relief valves for low-pressure tanks. It defines key terms related to relief valve design and operation. It describes potential causes of overpressure and vacuum in tanks and outlines strategies for relief system design, including using direct-load or emergency relief valves and considering valve type like proportional or full-lift. It also addresses leakage concerns, highlighting the need to minimize escapes and outlining relief valve design features and leak testing procedures.
Optimux globe control valves provide superior performance while permitting easy, fast, and inexpensive maintenance. Unlike diaphragm-operated control valves, the Piston cylinder-actuated OpGL™ provides stiffness, maintains high positioning accuracy control – making for the world’s most efficient and accurately responsive valve.
For more information on TrimTeck OpGL valves in Northern California, contact:
Belilove Company Engineers
21060 Corsair Blvd
Hayward, CA 94545
Phone: (510) 274-1990
Fax: (510) 274-1999
E-mail: sales@belilove.com
The document discusses various causes of permanent packer failure, including body collapse from differential pressure, packing element failure from over-pressurization or chemical breakdown, pin collapse at body/guide connections, body-to-guide thread failure from tensile loads, anchor attachment failure, and bearing failure between locating/sealing assemblies and the packer body. It also describes using a packer envelope diagram to ensure planned well operations do not exceed the packer's safe operating limits.
This document discusses control valves, including their applications in flow, level, pressure, and temperature control. It defines control valves as valves that are remotely controlled to maintain parameters like flow rate, level, pressure, and temperature. The document then covers classifications of control valves based on actuator and valve action. It also discusses components like the valve body and actuator. Characteristics, plugs, cages, and typical valve types are described. Failure modes and valve leakage classes are defined.
This document provides standard operating procedures for safely operating the 6.6kV switchboard at NMDC. It outlines safety precautions, roles and responsibilities, and step-by-step procedures for switching various feeders on and off, including incomer, bus coupler, and outgoing feeders. The procedures describe checking equipment status, obtaining clearances, verifying voltages and breaker positions before executing switch operations either locally or remotely via SCADA. Emergency conditions and general instructions are also covered.
Controle et isolation - La sélection d'une soupape de sureté vous donne des m...Laurentide Controls
Saviez-vous que choisir la bonne soupape de sureté (« Safety Valve ») pourrait vous permettre d’augmenter votre rendement en plus de protéger votre usine?
Cependant, entre les différents codes, la RBQ et les multitudes de modèles, même un personnel expérimenté pourrait utiliser de l’aide. Nous sommes là pour vous aider à naviguer ces sujets et retrouver la confiance à vos installations.
This document provides a running procedure for installing a Transformer R7 wellhead system. It includes 11 stages of the installation process with detailed steps for each stage. The stages include site preparation, installing the casing head, installing additional components like the drilling adapter, testing the BOP stack, running casing, installing the packoff and casing head cap, and installing the tubing spool. Dimensional drawings and a bill of materials are provided.
The document discusses various components used in surface wellhead systems, including casing heads, casing spools, tubing heads, tubing hangers, valves, and trees. It describes the purpose and features of different types of casing hangers, casing spools, tubing heads, tubing head adapters, valves, and trees. The document is a presentation about surface wellhead components provided by Amr Haggag.
1) The document discusses various types of offshore oil and gas production facilities including fixed platforms, tension leg platforms, semi-submersibles, and FPSOs.
2) It provides details on the key components and processes involved in offshore drilling and production such as wellheads, christmas trees, separation, compression, and storage.
3) FPSOs are described as floating facilities that perform processing of production fluids to separate oil, gas, and water and include storage tanks for offloading to tankers.
1. Electro-pneumatic control integrates pneumatic and electrical technologies. Solenoid valves are used as the interface between electrical and pneumatic systems, and devices like sensors provide feedback.
2. Seven basic electrical devices used in electro-pneumatics are listed as push button switches, limit switches, pressure switches, solenoids, relays, timers, and temperature switches. Proximity sensors and counters are also used.
3. Electro-pneumatic control involves three main steps - signal input devices generate signals, signal processing uses relays or PLCs, and signal outputs activate solenoids to control pneumatic valves and cylinders.
The document provides information about pressure relief devices and safety valve testing procedures. It discusses what pressure relief devices are, common types like safety valves and pressure relief valves, and their key characteristics such as set pressure, overpressure tolerance, and blowdown percentage. It also outlines safety valve testing procedures like verifying the set pressure, repeatability testing, seat tightness testing, shell testing, and bellows integrity testing. Specifications for testing tolerances on set pressure at different temperature ranges are also presented.
The document discusses wellheads and their components. It describes how wellheads are made up of multiple pieces including the casing head, casing hangers, spools, tubing hangers, master valves, and flow trees. It provides pictures and descriptions of these individual components and how they assemble to form the full wellhead. It also discusses design considerations, installation procedures, sealing methods, and testing of wellhead equipment.
Pressure relief devices are important safety components that protect process equipment from overpressure. Standards like the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code provide guidelines for the proper design, installation, and sizing of relief valves, rupture disks, and other pressure relief devices. These standards help ensure personnel safety and prevent equipment damage in the event excess pressure develops from sources like explosions, fires, or pump failures.
OIL AND GAS SURFACE WELLHEAD AND CHRISTMAS TREEPZoneSlide
"OIL AND GAS SURFACE WELLHEAD AND CHRISTMAS TREE"
- Component Illustration Handbook
The purpose of this handbook is to simplify a complex oil and gas surface well equipment system, the “Oil & Gas Wellhead and Christmas Tree” and its components.
The Handbook is a good source for training and easy referencing to oil & gas industry workers (regular engineers and new employees), research industry, training institutions, government agencies, Professors and Students of oil industry related disciplines. Oil & Gas vendors/contractors and any non-technical person would find the book very useful.
This handbook, clearly, illustrates (pictorially) and describes each of the components that constitutes the intricate “Wellhead and Christmas Tree”. Also stating their functions.
All models found in the book are, exclusively, designed by me – the Author; as such, the Author owns the copyright to the eBook – “All rights reserved.”
“This book is a must for the worldwide oil & gas industry.”
Scsssv surface control subsurface safety valveElsayed Amer
The document discusses subsurface safety valves (SSSVs), which are installed downhole to allow emergency shutdown and prevent uncontrolled hydrocarbon release from a well. SSSVs were not in place during the Piper Alpha platform disaster, exacerbating the accident. SSSVs come in two types: wireline-retrievable, which can be easily installed/removed via wireline but restrict flow; and tubing-retrievable, which are integral to the tubing and avoid flow restrictions but require pulling tubing for repair. Recommended minimum setting depths are 50m below the deepest pile for offshore and 100m below ground level for onshore. [/SUMMARY]
This document provides information on erecting a GE 9000E power plant, outlining the typical logical sequence of erection. It describes the erection of various components including the template and subsole plates, transporting and unloading heavy equipment, erecting the air inlet supports structure, air inlet ducts, air filter, vertical and lateral exhaust ducts, chimney, off base coolers, pipes and skids, walkways, electrical systems, and tank. Diagrams illustrate the erection process and components.
Valves operation and functions complete guideElsayed Amer
Eng. El Sayed Amer is a senior process and production engineer at Suez Oil Co. He has worked as a drilling and completion engineer for Weatherford drilling international. He is also an instructor for oil and gas courses. He is a member of several professional engineering organizations and certified in process modeling and reservoir simulation software. He has expertise in valves technology and operations in the process industry.
Mayur Amin is applying for the position of Panel Operator/DCS Operator. He has over 18 years of experience in refinery operations, including over 8 years experience working at Laffan Refinery in Qatar. He has extensive experience operating and maintaining various refinery units including hydrotreaters, distillation columns, and sweetening units. He is proficient in DCS systems from Honeywell and Foxboro and has experience commissioning and starting up new plants.
This document discusses control valves, including their classification, basic parts, types, and how they work. Control valves can regulate fluid flow and control process variables under controller commands. There are two main types: linear and rotary. The basic parts include a valve body, bonnet, plug, trim, and actuator. Actuators are either pneumatic or electric and convert control signals into valve stem movement. Positioners translate control signals into standardized signals for the actuator. Trim parts like the stem, seat and plug are exposed to the process flow.
The document discusses well intervention pressure control and completion equipment. It provides information on:
- Well control considerations for wireline, coiled tubing, and snubbing unit operations.
- Characteristics and density ranges of common completion fluids like brines, oils, and how their density changes with temperature.
- Types of wellhead and Christmas tree configurations including conventional, solid block, and horizontal trees.
- Downhole tools used in completions like tubing hangers, safety valves, packers, and nipples.
- Surface controlled subsurface safety valves (SCSSV) that can be remotely closed from the surface in an emergency.
The document discusses pressure and vacuum relief valves for low-pressure tanks. It defines key terms related to relief valve design and operation. It describes potential causes of overpressure and vacuum in tanks and outlines strategies for relief system design, including using direct-load or emergency relief valves and considering valve type like proportional or full-lift. It also addresses leakage concerns, highlighting the need to minimize escapes and outlining relief valve design features and leak testing procedures.
Optimux globe control valves provide superior performance while permitting easy, fast, and inexpensive maintenance. Unlike diaphragm-operated control valves, the Piston cylinder-actuated OpGL™ provides stiffness, maintains high positioning accuracy control – making for the world’s most efficient and accurately responsive valve.
For more information on TrimTeck OpGL valves in Northern California, contact:
Belilove Company Engineers
21060 Corsair Blvd
Hayward, CA 94545
Phone: (510) 274-1990
Fax: (510) 274-1999
E-mail: sales@belilove.com
The document discusses various causes of permanent packer failure, including body collapse from differential pressure, packing element failure from over-pressurization or chemical breakdown, pin collapse at body/guide connections, body-to-guide thread failure from tensile loads, anchor attachment failure, and bearing failure between locating/sealing assemblies and the packer body. It also describes using a packer envelope diagram to ensure planned well operations do not exceed the packer's safe operating limits.
This document discusses control valves, including their applications in flow, level, pressure, and temperature control. It defines control valves as valves that are remotely controlled to maintain parameters like flow rate, level, pressure, and temperature. The document then covers classifications of control valves based on actuator and valve action. It also discusses components like the valve body and actuator. Characteristics, plugs, cages, and typical valve types are described. Failure modes and valve leakage classes are defined.
This document provides standard operating procedures for safely operating the 6.6kV switchboard at NMDC. It outlines safety precautions, roles and responsibilities, and step-by-step procedures for switching various feeders on and off, including incomer, bus coupler, and outgoing feeders. The procedures describe checking equipment status, obtaining clearances, verifying voltages and breaker positions before executing switch operations either locally or remotely via SCADA. Emergency conditions and general instructions are also covered.
Controle et isolation - La sélection d'une soupape de sureté vous donne des m...Laurentide Controls
Saviez-vous que choisir la bonne soupape de sureté (« Safety Valve ») pourrait vous permettre d’augmenter votre rendement en plus de protéger votre usine?
Cependant, entre les différents codes, la RBQ et les multitudes de modèles, même un personnel expérimenté pourrait utiliser de l’aide. Nous sommes là pour vous aider à naviguer ces sujets et retrouver la confiance à vos installations.
6---SYSTEME DE DISTRIBUTION propres.pptxlandrybazie
Ce fichier renseigne sur le système de distribution d'une automobile et vise à permettre aux pratiquants de la mécanique automobile de plus se familiariser avec ledit système
Robinet fond de cuve soupape casse croute-Guichon valvesGUICHON VALVES
Pour tout liquide, poudre ou gaz. Soufflet en option si produit dangereux.
Ouverture dans la cuve pour fonction « casse-croûte », pas de zone de rétention, Option « sécurité cuve » pour empêcher l’écoulement du produit en cas d’arrachement du corps de vanne.
DN 20 à 400
3/4" à 16"
PN 10 à PN 150
150 à 900 lbs
Similaire à Prvs 5a. fonctionnement des soupapes de surete - conventionnelles et pilotees rev4 (16)
Alternative - Complément au Tramway et 3ème lien de la ville de Québec Daniel Bedard
An update of this presentation has been done with Slide 16 that has been updated and 17 has been added, only.
Cette présentation a été ajournée avec la diapo 16 qui a été modifié et la 17 qui a été ajouté.
Voir ici
https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/alternative-au-tramway-de-la-ville-de-quebec-rev1-sum-pdf/269691794
CDPQ Infra dévoile un plan de mobilité de 15 G$ sur 15 ans pour la région de Québec. Une alternative plus économique et rapide, ne serait-elle pas posssible?
- Valoriser les infrastructures ferroviaires du CN, en créant un Réseau Express Métropolitain (REM) plutôt qu'un nouveau tramway ou une combinaison des 2.
- Optimiser l'utilisation des rails pour un transport combiné des marchandises et des personnes, en accordant une priorité aux déplacements des personnes aux heures de pointes.
- Intégrer un téléphérique transrives comme 3ème lien urbain dédiés aux piétons et cyclistes avec correspondance avec le REM.
- Le 3 ème lien routier est repensé en intégrant un tunnel routier qui se prolonge avec le nouveau pont de l'Île d'Orléans et quelques réaménagemet de ses chausées.
https://www.linkedin.com/in/bedarddaniel/
English:
CDPQ Infra unveils a $15 billion, 15-year mobility plan for the Quebec region. Wouldn't a more economical and faster alternative be possible?
Leverage CN's railway infrastructure by creating a Metropolitan Express Network (REM) instead of a new tramway or a combination of both.
Optimize the use of rails for combined freight and passenger transport, giving priority to passenger travel during peak hours.
Integrate a cross-river cable car as a third urban link dedicated to pedestrians and cyclists, with connections to the REM.
Rethink the third road link by integrating a road tunnel that extends with the new Île d'Orléans bridge and some reconfiguration of its lanes.
https://www.linkedin.com/in/bedarddaniel/
3. Soupapes de sûreté conventionnelles (à ressort)
▪ Starflow série P (P3/P4/P5 & S5) – conforme à la norme API STD 526
▪ Série 9 (soupape portable– utilise pour les petits capacités et les applications d’expansion thermique
Fonctionnement des soupapes de sûreté
4. Soupapes de sûreté conventionnelles (à ressort)
CAPUCHON (cap)
VIS DE REGLAGE (adjusting screw)
ECROU DE VIS DE REGLAGE
(adjusting screw locknut
BUSE (nozzle)
CORPS (body)
VIS DE BAGUE DE REGLAGE
(adjusting ring screw)
BAGUE DE REGLAGE
(adjusting ring)
CLAPET (disc)
PORTE-CLAPET (disc-holder)
GUIDE
RONDELLES RESSORT Sup. & Inf.
(spring washers – upper & lower)
RESSORT (spring)
TIGE (spindle)
SOUFFLET
(bellows)
Fonctionnement des soupapes de sûreté
GOUJONS ET ECROUS
(studs and nuts)
BOUCHON DE CAPUCHON
(cap plug)
BOUCHON D’EVENT (vent plug)
JOINT (gasket)
5. Fonctionnement des soupapes de sûreté
Soupapes de sûreté conventionnelles : conditions de fonctionnement normales
Pression d’étanchéité / Pression de fonctionnement maximum prévue
▪ Siège métal : 90% / 90%
▪ Siège souple : 95% / 93%
PRESSION
90 %
PDO.
6. Fonctionnement des soupapes de sûreté
Soupapes de sûreté conventionnelles : conditions d’augmentation de pression
Exemple d’une pression à 94% de la PDO
▪ Siège métal : fuite probable
▪ Siège souple : étanche
PRESSION
94 %
PDO.
7. Fonctionnement des soupapes de sûreté
Soupapes de sûreté conventionnelles : conditions d’augmentation de pression
Sifflement (simmer) :
▪ Fuite audible (ou visible) d’un fluide compressible entre le siège
et le clapet à une pression inférieure à la pression de début d’ouverture.
PRESSION
96 %
PDO.
8. Fonctionnement des soupapes de sûreté
Soupapes de sûreté conventionnelles : conditions d’augmentation de pression
Pression de début d’ouverture
▪ Début de la levée du clapet.
PRESSION
100% PDO
9. Fonctionnement des soupapes de sûreté
Soupapes de sûreté conventionnelles : conditions d’augmentation de pression
Levée réactive
▪ La pleine levée est atteinte généralement autour de :
▪ 102% pour les soupapes de chaudière type ASME Section I.
▪ 105% pour les soupapes de process type ASME Section VIII.
105%
PRESSION
10. Fonctionnement des soupapes de sûreté
Soupapes de sûreté conventionnelles : conditions d’augmentation de pression
Plein levée – pleine décharge (capacité)
▪ Position stable (en butée).
▪ Chaos dans le corps (impacts sur les parois).
110%
PRESSION
11. Fonctionnement des soupapes de sûreté
Soupapes de sûreté conventionnelles : conditions de chute de pression
Diminution de la levée
105%
PRESSION
12. Fonctionnement des soupapes de sûreté
Soupapes de sûreté conventionnelles : conditions de chute de pression
Diminution de la levée
▪ La charge du ressort commence à prendre le dessus sur celle du ressort.
▪ Levée toujours significative.
PRESSION
100% PDO
13. Fonctionnement des soupapes de sûreté
Soupapes de sûreté conventionnelles : conditions de chute de pression
Pressure de fermeture
▪ La pression de fermeture n’est pas la pression d’étanchéité.
▪ ASME / API : Min -2% / Max -7%
▪ ISO 4126 : Min Gaz -2% / Liquide -2.5%
Max Gaz -15% / Liquide -20%
PRESSION
93 %
PDO.
14. Fonctionnement des soupapes de sûreté
Soupapes de sûreté conventionnelles : caractéristiques de levée typiques
% P.D.O.
Pleine
ouverture
90 100 110
Cycle ouverture
des soupapes de
sûreté à ressort
sur fluide
compressible
Fermeture
15. Soupapes de sûreté conventionnelles : caractéristiques de levée typiques
Pleine
ouverture
90 100 110
Fuite
Fermeture
Cycle
d’ouverture
simplifié d’une
soupape de
sûreté à ressort
sur fluide
incompressible
Fonctionnement des soupapes de sûreté
% P.D.O.
16. Fonctionnement des soupapes de sûreté
Soupapes de sûreté conventionnelles : rôle de la bague de réglage
▪ Agit sur la forme de chambre d’accumulation.
▪ Contrôle les caractéristiques d’ouverture et fermeture.
▪ Vissé vers le haut pour augmenter la fermeture.
▪ Vissé vers le bas pour diminuer la fermeture.
Bague de réglage
Chambre d’accumulation
17. Fonctionnement des soupapes de sûreté
Soupapes de sûreté conventionnelles : rôle de la vis de réglage et du ressort
▪ La vis de réglage comprime le ressort et ajuste la pression de début d’ouverture.
▪ Le ressort d’une soupape de sûreté à une plage d’utilisation publié. Elle inclue une tolérance de + / - 5%.
Cela permet à tout utilisateur d’ajuster le réglage de + /- 5% de la PDO nominale.
▪ Tolérance de réglage de la soupape de sûreté (selon API Std 520 part 1) :
▪ PDO Jusqu’à 4,83 barg [70 psig ] : ± 0.14 barg [2 psig]
▪ PDO au-delà de 4.83 barg [70 psig] : ± 3%
Ressort
Vis de réglage
18. Fonctionnement des soupapes de sûreté
Avantages des soupapes de sûreté conventionnelles type ASME/API par rapport aux
soupapes de sûreté conventionnelles non-codées.
▪ Buse longue : protection chimique du corps.
▪ Buse (longue) vissée : facilité pour le rodage ou le remplacement.
▪ Clapet articulé : position du siège auto-ajustable.
▪ Bague de réglage : ouverture franche et réglage de la fermeture.
▪ Surépaisseur de corrosion pour le corps et le chapeau.
▪ Dimensions standardisées et possibilité d’interchangeabilité entre marques ou types (conventionnelles et
pilotées).
19. Soupapes de sûreté pilotée
Fonctionnement – pilotes à action « pop » & modulants
20. Fonctionnement des soupapes de sûreté
Série 78 (buse courte)
+ pilote DCS
Série 76 (buse longue) corps forgé
+ pilote DGS
Soupapes de sûreté pilotée
▪ Pilote
▪ Action POP
▪ Action modulante
▪ Soupape principale
▪ Buse courte (API STD 576)
▪ Buse longue (dimensions du corps correspondant aux version à ressort.
21. Fonctionnement des soupapes de sûreté
Soupape de sûreté pilotée POP action : conditions de fonctionnement normales
Pression d’étanchéité / Pression de fonctionnement maximum prévue
▪ Siège métal : 95% / 95%
▪ Siège souple : 95% / 95%
Filtre
Port de vidange
Clapet
Ressort de
réglage
Siège de
vidange
Siège
d’alimentation
Port du dôme
Ressort de rappel
Bille
Tige
Alimentation
22. Fonctionnement des soupapes de sûreté
Soupape de sûreté pilotée POP action : conditions de fonctionnement normales
Pression d’étanchéité / Pression de fonctionnement maximum prévue
▪ Siège métal : 95% / 95%
▪ Siège souple : 95% / 95%
PRESSION
100%
100%
Le siège d’alimentation du pilote est ouvert et
permet la pressurisation du dôme :
- LA SOUPAPE PRINCIPALE EST FERMÉE -
23. Soupape de sûreté pilotée POP action : conditions d’augmentation de pression
Pression de début d’ouverture
Le clape du siège de vidange s’ouvre et
permet la fermeture du siège d’alimentation :
- LA SOUPAPE PRINCIPALE S’OUVRE -
Fonctionnement des soupapes de sûreté
100%
100%
PRESSION
24. Soupape de sûreté pilotée POP action : conditions d’augmentation de pression
100% PDO < PRESSION ≤ 110% PDO
Le clapet du siège de vidange reste ouvert
et garde le dôme connectée à l’atmosphère :
- LA SOUPAPE PRINCIPALE RESTE
OUVERTE -
Fonctionnement des soupapes de sûreté
100%
100%
PRESSION
25. Soupape de sûreté pilotée POP action : conditions de chute de pression
95% PDO < PRESSION ≤ 100% PDO
Le clapet du siège de vidange reste ouvert
et garde le dôme connectée à l’atmosphère :
- LA SOUPAPE PRINCIPALE RESTE
OUVERTE -
Fonctionnement des soupapes de sûreté
100%
100%
PRESSION
26. Soupape de sûreté pilotée POP action : conditions de chute de pression
▪ Pression = 95% PDO
▪ La fermeture (blowdown) ne doit pas être inférieure à 5% pour éviter les battements.
Le clapet rétablit le contact avec le siège de
vidange et permet l’ouverture du siège
d’alimentation :
- LA SOUPAPE PRINCIPALE SE FERME -
Fonctionnement des soupapes de sûreté
P
100%
100%
27. Soupape de sûreté pilotée POP action : caractéristiques de levée typiques
105 110100
3% Min.
Fermeture
Pleine ouverture
Fermeture
PDO %
Fonctionnement des soupapes de sûreté
28. Fonctionnement des soupapes de sûreté
Soupape de sûreté pilotée modulante : conditions de fonctionnement normales
Pression d’étanchéité / Pression de fonctionnement maximum prévue
▪ Siège métal : 95% / 95%
▪ Siège souple : 95% / 95%
Port du dôme
Alimentation
Port de vidange
Ressort de rappel
Siège de
vidange
Ressort de
réglage
Siège
d’alimentation
Diaphragme de
détection
Filtre
Piston
29. Fonctionnement des soupapes de sûreté
Soupape de sûreté pilotée modulante : conditions de fonctionnement normales
Press. d’étanchéité / Press. de fonctionnement maximum prévue
▪ Siège métal : 95% / 95%
▪ Siège souple : 95% / 95%
Le siège d’alimentation du pilote est ouvert et
permet la pressurisation du dôme :
- LA SOUPAPE PRINCIPALE EST FERMÉE -
P
100%
100%
30. Fonctionnement des soupapes de sûreté
Soupape de sûreté pilotée modulante : conditions d’augmentation de pression
Pression ≥ 100% PDO
Le piston du siège de vidange s’ouvre est
dépressurise le dôme :
- LA SOUPAPE PRINCIPALE S’OUVRE -
P
100%
100%
31. Fonctionnement des soupapes de sûreté
Soupape de sûreté pilotée modulante : conditions d’augmentation de pression
Pression > 100% PDO
Le pilote reste ouvert et permet de maintenir le
dôme connecté à l’atmosphère :
- LA SOUPAPE PRINCIPALE RESTE
OUVERTE -
P
100%
100%
32. Fonctionnement des soupapes de sûreté
Soupape de sûreté pilotée modulante : conditions de chute de pression
95% PDO < Pression < 100% PDO
Le piston rétablit le contact avec le siège de
vidange et isole le dôme. :
- LA SOPAPE PRINCIPALE RESTE
OUVERTE - P
100%
100%
33. Fonctionnement des soupapes de sûreté
Soupape de sûreté pilotée modulante : conditions de chute de pression
Pression ≤ 95% PDO
Le siège d’alimentation s’ouvre et permet la
pressurisation du dôme :
- LA SOUPAPE PRINCIPALE SE FERME -
100%
P
100%
34. Soupape de sûreté pilotée modulante : caractéristiques de levée typiques
Levée %
(Capacité)
PRD OPERATIONS – POSRV (MODUL.)
75
50
25
105 110100
Pleine ouverture
Fermeture
PDO%
Fonctionnement des soupapes de sûreté
35. Fonctionnement des soupapes de sûreté
Avantages des soupapes de sûreté pilotées sur les versions conventionnelles (ressort)
▪ Moins lourde.
▪ Moins haute.
▪ Moins ou aucun battement (version modulante).
▪ Moins de pertes de process – capacité auto-ajustable (version modulante).
▪ Faible coût de maintenance.
▪ Ressort non-exposé aux températures du fluide.
▪ Haute pression de fonctionnement (jusqu’à 95% de la PDO, voire plus).
▪ Haute contre-pression maximale (jusqu’à 50% de la PDO, voire plus – dépend des conditions et du pilote).
▪ Possibilité de conserver la soupape en fonctionnement pour la maintenance d’un pilote si option double pilote.
36. PRV Support SAS
13 rue de l’érable
95540 Méry sur Oise
France
T +33 (0)6 95 21 31 99
www.prv-support.com
contact@prv-support.com
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