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Etude de cas
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- 15. 15 /*+�!:&<!+7*,*&<I!'#!9#*,*&!?,@+7*&!@6#'&.&/4!'#!,&<4,0$40,#4*7/!:&!'A#$$J<!H!'A@$7'&!&4! H!'#!E040,&!$,J$%&!g4,#/<E7,.#4*7/!:A0/!$%&.*/!?*@47/!&/!,704&!H!<&/<!0/*M0&l!&4!'#! $,@#4*7/!:A0/!:@?7<&!.*/04&!?70,!:&<<&,+*,!'A@$7'&!&4!'#!$,J$%&K!!Z704&E7*<I!'&!<*4&!&<4! #$$&<<*O'&!H!?*&:K! 17$#'*<@!#0!$&/4,&!:0!+*''#6&I!*'!<&.O'&!E#+7,*<&,!'A@$%#/6&!&/4,&!'&<!%#O*4#/4<I!:,#*/#/4! #*/<*! '&<! 04*'*<#4&0,<! :&! '#! $,J$%&I! .#*<! @6#'&.&/4! $&,4#*/<! +*''#6&7*<! g%#O*4#/4<! &/+*,7//#/4<I!'&<!?#,&/4<!:A&/E#/4<!<$7'#,*<@<!#*/<*!M0&!'&<!?&,<7//&<!?,@<&/4&<!:#/<! '&!$&/4,&!:0!+*''#6&lK!>&'7/!'A#:S7*/4!#0!.#*,&I!i!'&!?,7S&4!:&!<*40&,!'#!$,J$%&!#0!$w0,!:0! +*''#6&!<A*/<$,*4!:#/<!'#!+7'7/4@!E7,4&!:&!$,@&,!:0!'*&/!<7$*#'K!n! 270<!@.&447/<!'L%8?74%J<&!M0&!'&!$%7*!:&!$&44&!?#,$&''&!?,7+7M0&!0/!,@&'!*.?#$4!<0,! '#!+*&!$7..0/#'&K!U'!?&,.&4!#0!04*'*<#4&0,<!:&!'#!$,J$%&!:&!<A*/<$,*,&!474#'&.&/4!:#/<! '#!$7..0/&I!#0!?#,&/4<!:A@$%#/6&,!&4!#0!&/E#/4!:Ah4,&!$7/E,7/4@!M074*:*&//&.&/4!H! '&0,! +*&! <$7'#*,&! E040,&K! -/! ,&+#/$%&I! $&44&! ?#,$&''&! &<4! ,@:0*4&I! &4! '&<! ?7<<*O*'*4@<! $7/<4,0$4*+&<! <7/4! '*.*4@&<K! U'! &<4! ?7<<*O'&! :A8! @4#O'*,! '&! ?,7S&4! #$40&'I! .#*<! 0/&! &4&/<*7/!/&!?70,,#!?#<!h4,&!&/+*<#6@&!<0,!?'#$&K! Q(+%'#+44$''P'G$'4,&$'02",4,' ! ! !
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- 39. 39 B0<<*!m!U'!/70<!?#,#j4!*/4@,&<<#/4!M0&!'A&/+*,7//&.&/4!.#4@,*&'!#*4!:&<!M0#'*4@<! <8.O7'*M0&<!?&,.&44#/4!H!'A&/E#/4!:A*.#6*/&,!&4!:&!$,@&,!<7/!?,7?,&!.7/:&K!! *EFOAGC!?9J@QGFA@@JMJ@H!KE@C!?JXBJ?!IQA?BJ!?9J@OE@H!OEQAFGCJU!QAGF!AOOFJ!B@! LA@HJ]HJ!OEQAFER?J!EB![JB!XBGHHJ!W!KJQJ@GF!I?IMJ@H!KB![JB!?BGZMiMJY! ! B<B G)$4:+0$'5$'/,$V':-":,0$'+3'T$3' ! 274,&!#/#'8<&!?70,!*''0<4,&,!'&!S&0!:#/<!'&!Ok4*I!<&!?7,4&,#!&<<&/4*&''&.&/4!<0,! '&<! 37/&<! ,&?#<! &4! S&0K! ;&! <7/4! $&''&<! M0*! /70<! ?#,#*<<&/4! '&! ?'0<! ?,7?*$&! H! 'L@+&*'! :&! 'L&/E#/4K! 1#! :*,&$4,*$&! :0! '*&0! /70<! #! :L#*''&0,<! :@E*/*! '#! 37/&! ,&?#<! $7..&!@4#/4!@6#'&.&/4!0/!&<?#$&!:&!'*O,&<!S&0K! ! 270<!?70+7/<!$*4&,!'&<!%0O'74<!?7/$40#/4!'L&<?#$&K!U'<!<7/4!?#,E7*<!@'@.&/4<!:&! S&0!&0P.h.&<K!U'<!7EE,&/4!#0!&/E#/4<!:&<!*/<4#/4<!:L@+#<*7/!&/!,h+#/4!:&+#/4! :&<! +0&<! #48?*M0&<! <0,! 'L&4@,*&0,! 4704! &/! '&0,! 7EE,#/4! :&! .0'4*?'&<! $7/4#$4<K! Z704!:L#O7,:!4#$4*'&<!6,k$&!#0!.7:*E*$#4*7/<!:&!'#!4&.?@,#40,&!:0!+&,,&I!.#*<! @6#'&.&/4! +*<0&'<! M0#/:! '#! ?'0*&! S#'7//&! 'L&4@,*&0,! :0! +&,,&! <#/<! S#.#*<! <&! '#*<<&,!#44,#?&,I!70!&/$7,&!'#!O0@&!M0*!#??#,#j4!M0#/:!*'<!<70EE'&/4!<0,!'&!+&,,&K!! ;&<! @'@.&/4<! '0:*M0&<! ?&0+&/4! @6#'&.&/4! h4,&! <70,$&! :L@.74*7/I! M0#/:! '&<! &/E#/4<!#?&,d7*+&/4!0/&!?&,<7//&!$7//0&!H!4,#+&,<!$&<!E&/h4,&<I!0/&!7.O,&!70! @S$#:($'5$'9]&,V'1(1#$%&'5$'T$3'(3,P #Y#$'
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- 43. 43 ! b!! ,JC!CJ@C!CHGMB?IC!KE@C!?E!LFVLTJ!KJ!%EBHJFGQJC!8!?9J]DIFGJ@LJ! MB?HGC!!CJ@CAFGJ??J! ! 270<!4&/*7/<!H!.&44,&!&/!#+#/4!'L#??,&/4*<<#6&!:&!'L&<?#$&!?#,!'L&?@,*&/$&! .0'4*!<&/<7,*&''&!#0!<&*/!:&!'#!$,J$%&!:&!Y#04&,*+&<K!270<!/70<!#44#,:&,7/<! &<<&/4*&''&.&/4!<0,!$&0!:&!'#!+0&I!:0!470$%&,!&4!:&!'L70c&K! >&'7/!5&7,6&<!9&<.*/I!i!'&<!&/E#/4<!<7/4!4,J<!<&/<*O'&<!#0!:@4#*'<I!O*&/!?'0<! M0&!'&<!#:0'4&<K!1L&/E#/4!:@$70+,&!!'&!.7/:&!H!'L#*:&!:&!$%#$0/!:&!<&<!!<&/<I! &4!#+&$!0/&!6,#/:&!.*/04*&K!U'!:@$7,4*M0&I!#/#'8<&!&4!.#/*?0'&!4704!$&!M0*!'0*! ?#<<&!:#/<!'&<!.#*/<!70!:&+#/4!'&<!8&0K!)/!?#,'&!#'7,<!:L&?@,*&/$&!.0'4*! <&/<7,*&''&K!n! ! ! U<M'' 'G+'/3$' ' ,E!QBJ!JH!?JC!LAB?JBFC8!1#!QBJU!&<4!<4*.0'@&!?#,!'&<!$70'&0,<!&4!'&<!E7,.&<m! ?&,d0&<!:*EE@,&..&/4!<&'7/!'Lk6&!:&!'L&/E#/4K!N/!&/E#/4!:&!.7*/<!:&!:&0! #/<! &<4! ?'0<! <&/<*O'&! #0! $70'&0,<! E,#/$%&<! M0L#0! $70'&0,<! ?#<4&''&<K! D70,! &&.?'&I!'7,<!:&!'L*/4&,+*&o!:&!9.&!T7#/I!/70<!#??,&/7/<!M0&!'&<!$70'&0,<!&4! '&<!.#4*J,&<!'&<!?'0<!<4*.0'#/4&<!?70,!'&<!&/E#/4<!<7/4!:&<!$70'&0,<!+*+&<I!&4! <0,4704! +#,*@&<K! i!U'! &<4! 4704&E7*<! *.?7,4#/4! :&! 6#,:&,! 0/&! $&,4#*/&! 7,6#/*<#4*7/nK! >&'7/!&''&I!0/&!$70'&0,!+*+&!&<4!0/&!<4*.0'#4*7/!*/4@,&<<#/4&!?70,!'&<!&/E#/4<K! 1#!O&''&!$70'&0,!?70,!&0!&<4!4,J<!<70+&/4!'&!,706&K!(#/<!'#!$,J$%&!@40:*@&I! $&4!#<?&$4!,&<<7,4!<0,4704!#0!/*+�!:&!'#!$70,!7t!:&<!E7,.&<!6@7.@4,*M0&<! 4,J<!$7'7,@&<!%#O*''&/4!'&<!.0,<!:&!'#!E#d#:&!7EE,#/4!#*/<*!:*+&,<*4@!:&<!4&*/4&<! &4!,*60&0,!6@7.@4,*M0&K!B!'L*/4@,*&0,I!'&<!$70'&0,<!<7/4!<0,4704!?,@<&/4&<!+*#!'&! .7O*'*&,!&4!'#!:@$7,#4*7/K!-/!&EE&4I!'&!.#j4,&!:&!'L70+,#6&!&4!'L#,$%*4&$4&!7/4! ?,@E@,@!,&<4&,!<0,!:&<!47/<!/&04,&<!?70,!'L&/<&.O'&!:&<!.0,<!#E*/!:&!'#*<<&,! '*O,&! #??,7?,*#4*7/! :&! <&<! <0??7,4<! H! '#! E040,&! :*,&$4,*$&! :&! $,J$%&K! -/!
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